Diisopropanolamine

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Water or foam may cause frothing

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

To fight fire use alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, /or/ dry chemical.

Fire response: ...Wear goggles, self-contained breathing apparatus, and rubber overclothing (including gloves). ...Water may be ineffective on fire. Cool exposed containers with water.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

...Remove, and wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

/If inhaled/: Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration if indicated. Refer for medical attention. /If contacted with skin/: First rinse with plenty of water, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention. /If contacted with eyes/: First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor. /If ingested/: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention.

LC50 Carassium auratus (Goldfish) 1100 mg/L/24 hr; static

LC50 Xenopus laevis (Clawed frog) 410 mg/L/48 hr; static /formulated product/

LC50 Brachydanio rerio (Zebra Fish) >1000 -2200 mg/L/ 96 hr; static

LC50 Carassius auratus (Goldfish) 1100 mg/L/ 24 hr; static

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for DIISOPROPANOLAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC) from a log Kow of -0.82(2) and a regression derived equation(3) indicates that diisopropanolamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). A pKa value of 9.1(4) indicates that the protonated form of diisopropanolamine will be the dominant species in moist soil surfaces and cations adsorb more strongly than neutral species. Batch adsorption experiments indicated that the adsorption mechanism of diisopropanolamine involves ionic interaction at cation exchange sites of soils and clays, and tends to be greatest in materials that have a large cation exchange capacity such as montmorillonite(5). Volatilization of diisopropanolamine from moist soil surfaces will not be an important fate process since cations do not volatilize. Diisopropanolamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.25X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(6). Screening studies using sewage sludge indicated that diisopropanolamine does not biodegrade readily(4,7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC) from a log Kow of -0.82(2) and a regression derived equation(3) indicates that diisopropanolamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). A pKa value of 9.1(4) indicates that the protonated form of diisopropanolamine will be the predominant species in water and cations adsorb more strongly to suspended solids and sediment than neutral species. Volatilization from water surfaces will not occur since cations do not volatilize(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Screening studies using sewage sludge indicated that diisopropanolamine does not biodegrade readily(4,7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diisopropanolamine, which has a vapor pressure of 1.25X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diisopropanolamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours(SRC), from its rate constant of 1X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C, that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Diisopropanolamine is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum(SRC).

The Panel concludes that Diisopropanolamine, Triisopropanolamine, Isopropanolamine, and Mixed Isopropanolamines are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the present practices of use and concentration. The isopropanolamines should not be used in products containing N-nitrosating agents.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Pain. Redness. Blisters. Skin burns.

Pain. Redness. Severe deep burns.

Burning sensation. Abdominal cramps. Shock or collapse.

Batch equilibrium studies designed to evaluate the adsorption characteristics of diisopropanolamine in subsurface soils were conducted using aquifer material from three natural gas sites in Canada as well as montmorillonite and kaolinite clay materials(1). The adsorption isotherms were non-linear with Freundlich adsorption (Kf) coefficients ranging from 3.5 to 170, with the greatest values observed in the montmorillonite clay materials(1). Since diisopropanolamine has a pKa value of 9.1(1,2) it exists primarily as a cation in solution and a strong correlation between adsorption and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the material tested was observed(1). It was also noted that adsorption decreased with increasing solution electrolyte concentration as this resulted in competition for cation exchange sites in the clays and soils(1). Adsorption also decreased with increasing pH since at higher pH, a smaller percentage of diisopropanolamine exists in the protonated form.

The Koc of diisopropanolamine was estimated as 10(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.82(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that diisopropanolamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of diisopropanolamine is 9.1(4) indicating that it exists predominantly in the protonated form in the environment, and protonated species often adsorb strongly to soils and clays through interaction with cation exchange sites(5). In general, diisopropanolamine is expected to possess less mobility in clay soils with a high cation exchange capacity (CEC) than indicated by the estimated Koc value(SRC).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Six out of 24 volunteers exhibited irritant responses when patched tested with neat /diisopropanolamine/, but no irritation occurred in a group of 61 volunteers tested with a 1% aqueous solution.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In a repeated patch-test, 25 male and female volunteers had 0.2 mL of a 2% aqueous solution of diisopropanolamine applied to the skin on their backs for 24 hr/day on 3 consecutive days/wk for 3 weeks. After treatment, the application sites were irradiated 3 times with a combination of UVA and UVB rays, at a dose which caused minimal erythema. Thereafter, they were treated only with UVA rays for 6 weeks (at a dose that did not cause erythema), and diisopropanolamine was then applied as patches to 2 sites on the back. One patch remained in place for 24 hours and the site was irradiated at patch removal; the other patch was kept on for 48 hours, and the site was examined for signs of contact dermatitis after removal. Diisopropanolamine did not cause allergic or photoallergic dermatitis.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ...In 203 volunteers, 0.2 mL of a facial sun-protection cream containing 1% diisopropanolamine was applied to the skin on their backs under occlusive cover for 24 hours. The application site was then examined for irritation. 24 hours later, a further patch was applied for 24 hours and this procedure was repeated for 10 working days. After a 13 day treatment-free interval, a patch was applied for 48 hours to test for sensitization. A second challenge patch was applied 8 days later for 48 hours. During the induction period, 12 volunteers showed irritation of varying degrees of severity. The sun-protection cream induced sensitization in one volunteer. /1% Diisopropanolamine/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Contact dermatitis due to 1,1'-iminodi-2-propanol was observed in occupationally exposed workers. Weak sensitization was observed.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DIISOPROPANOLAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Diisopropanolamine's production and use as an emulsifying and neutralizing agent in cosmetics, antimicrobial agent in cutting fluids, and for the removal of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from natural gas(1), may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Diisopropanolamine achieved 39% of its theoretical oxygen demand using a sewage sludge following a 20 day incubation period(1). No biodegradation was observed at day 5 or day 10, suggesting that an acclimation period was required(1). Diisopropanolamine was classified as recalcitrant based on the results of screening studies using acclimated sewage sludge enrichment cultures(2).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for diisopropanolamine(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.82(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

With a pKa of 9.1(1), diisopropanolamine will exist predominantly in its protonated form in the environment and the protonated form of diisopropanolamine will not volatilize from water or moist soil surfaces(2). Diisopropanolamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on its extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.25X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).