2-Aminoanthraquinone

Fires involving this compound can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position ... The only respirators approved for fire fighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full facepieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Keep in a dry place.

Store in tightly closed containers in a refrigerator or cool, well ventilated area away from strong oxidizers.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Personal precautions: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing dust. Ensure adequate ventilation. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods for cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Dampen spilled material with toluene to avoid airborne dust. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in vapor-tight sealed containers. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

If inhaled ..., move person into fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration. Consult a physician. In case of skin contact, wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a physician. In case of eye contact, rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician. If swallowed, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Consult a physician.

Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-Aminoanthraquinone (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The role of gonadal hormones in the nephrotoxicity of the hepatocarcinogen 2-aminoanthraquinone (2-AAQ) was investigated. Intact and castrated four week old Fischer rats of both sexes and castrated female rats with subcutaneous implants of testosterone propionate pellets were fed 2% 2-AAQ in a Wayne meal diet. After 12 weeks of ad libitum feeding the animals were then given control diet. Based on survival, body, liver,and kidney weights, and the histopathological evaluation of the kidneys, castrated female rats given testosterone propionate were afforded the greatest protective effect against the nephrotoxicity of 2-AAQ.

Male and female Fischer 344 rats were fed 2-aminoanthraquinone in their diet for 12 weeks, dosage 2% in the feed (approx. 1670 mg/kg), and were observed for up to 80 weeks post-treatment. A control group received no treatment. The study examined the influence of testosterone on the known nephrotoxicity of the test substance. Therefore groups of castrated animals (male and female) and female animals treated with testosterone were included in the study. Female animals in the test group (normal and castrated) died within 30 weeks while male animals and testosterone treated females survived 80 weeks. Histopathology revealed crystallization in cortical kidney tubules in normal and castrated females which was not seen in male animals or those females treated with testosterone. It was concluded from these results that testosterone offers a protective effect from the toxicity of the test substance that gender alone cannot explain. /Translated from German/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4,300(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.31(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-aminoanthraquinone is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-aminoanthraquinone from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 5.0X10-11 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.163 mg/L(6). 2-Aminoanthraquinone is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 1% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(2) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4,300(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.31(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-aminoanthraquinone is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 5.0X10-11 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 0.163 mg/L(6). According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF range of 18-46(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 1% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(2) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-aminoanthraquinone, which has a vapor pressure of 5.0X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase 2-aminoanthraquinone may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 2-Aminoanthraquinone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=117-79-3]

The Koc of 2-aminoanthraquinone is estimated as 4,300(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.31(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-aminoanthraquinone is expected to have slight mobility in soil.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ May be harmful if inhaled. May cause respiratory tract irritation. May be harmful if absorbed through skin. May cause skin irritation. May cause eye irritation. May be harmful if swallowed.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Short Term Exposure: Irritates eyes and skin.

2-Aminoanthraquinone

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 27: (1982) Some Aromatic Amines, Anthraquinones and Nitroso Compounds, and Inorganic Fluorides Used in Drinking-water and Dental Preparations

1987

1987

2-Amino-anthraquinone

BCF values of 18-46 and 27-43 were measured in fish for 2-aminoanthraquinone using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over a 6-week period to test chemical concentrations of 5 and 50 mg/L, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(3), these BCF ranges suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-aminoanthraquinone is estimated as 9.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 5.0X10-11 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.163 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-aminoanthraquinone is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3). 2-Aminoanthraquinone's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may not occur(SRC). 2-Aminoanthraquinone is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Skin irritation test in rabbit, result: not irritating.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Eye irritation test in rabbit, result: not irritating.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ After 12-14 wk of admin of 2-aminoanthraquinone at level of 2% in diet to Fischer F344 rats, females showed weight loss, alopecia, emaciation, ataxia, and convulsions prior to death or sacrifice. Cumulative nephrotoxicity in females treated with 2-aminoanthraquinone was unexpected. Hematological studies in females showed depression of hematocrit values and decline in hemoglobin and erythrocyte count, while both sexes showed elevation of total leukocytes.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Male and female Fischer 344 rats were fed 2-aminoanthraquinone continuously in their feed for 12-14 weeks, dosage 1% or 2% (approx. 830 or 1670 mg/kg). A control group received no treatment. Equivalent dosage /over duration of the study/ at 1%: 22 g for males and 11.6 g for females, at 2%: 47 g for males and 18 g for females. After 10 weeks the dosage was reduced 0.25-0.5%. The 2% dose was determined in a preliminary experiment. Female animals in both groups experienced weight loss, alopecia, emaciation, ataxia, and preagonal convulsions. All female animals in both test groups died within 18 (2% group) and 21 (2% group) weeks. Hematological symptoms seen in female animals included a reduction in hematocrit, hemoglobin, and RBC. In both sexes there was an increase in blood glucose levels and serum calcium concentration as well as a large increase in serum urea concentration in female animals. Histopathological findings seen in female animals were primarily kidney damage as interstitial fibrosis and multitudinous tubular metaplasia as well as bone marrow hyperplasia. What was most striking was the minimal toxic effect found in male animals. /Translated from German/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-Aminoanthraquinone (23 total), please visit the HSDB record page.