2-Methoxy-5-Methylaniline

Nitrogen Compounds -> Amines, Aromatic

Carcinogens

log Kow= 1.74

1.67

1.74

less than 1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

Slightly soluble in water, chloroform. Soluble in ether, benzene, petroleum ether, and ethanol.

Solubility in water: poor

greater than 230 °F (NTP, 1992)

111 °C

111 °C

455 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

235 °C

235 °C

126 to 129 °F (NTP, 1992)

51.5 °C

51.5 °C

0.02 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure, Pa at 25 °C: 1.4

Danger

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P318, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P305+P351+P338, P318, P330, P337+P317, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity

Benzenamine, 2-methoxy-5-methyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Benzenamine, 2-methoxy-5-methyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 05-11-2010 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1299

Substance: 6-methoxy-m-toluidine (p-cresidine)

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

This chemical is nonflammable. (NTP, 1992)

Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include eye and skin irritation. Other symptoms include methemoglobinemia with cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the lips, skin, earlobes and fingernails). Exposure can cause drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, weakness, somnolence, liver damage and unconsciousness.

Possibly carcinogenic to humans; [ICSC] Irritating to the skin and eyes; [HSDB] Harmful by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption; Can cause methemoglobinemia, damage to the liver, and unconsciousness; [CAMEO] An eye irritant; May induce methemoglobinemia; Targets blood, liver, and bladder; [MSDSonline]

DHEW/NCI; Bioassay of p-Cresidine for Possible Carcinogenicity (1979) Technical Rpt Series No. 142 DHEW Pub No. (NIH) 79-1397

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. p-Cresidine (120-71-8) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s050pcre.pdf]

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Anisidines; Anisidines, liquid; Anisidines, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Anisidines; Anisidines, liquid; Anisidines, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Anisidines; Anisidines, liquid; Anisidines, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Anisidines; Anisidines, liquid; Anisidines, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for P-CRESIDINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Extinguishant: Foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical. /o-Anisidine/

If material is involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Anisidines/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. Collect spilled material in most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal. Liquids containing anisidine should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. Large quantities may be reclaimed; however, if this is not practical, dissolve in flammable solvent (such as alcohol) and atomize in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.

Cover with the 9:1 mixture of sand and soda ash. After mixing, transfer into a paper carton, stuffed with ruffled paper. Burn in an open furnace with the utmost care or in the furnace with afterburner and scrubber.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for P-CRESIDINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for P-CRESIDINE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 53(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.74(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that p-cresidine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). However, aromatic amines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in suspended solids and sediments due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(4,5). Volatilization of p-cresidine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(6). p-Cresidine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.5X10-2 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(7). p-Cresidine reached 0.7% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using the Japanese MITI test(8), suggesting that biodegradation is not a rapid environmental fate process in soils(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 53(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.74(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that p-cresidine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). However, aromatic amines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in suspended solids and sediments due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(4,5). Volatilization from water surfaces may occur slowly(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 23 and 169 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF of <4.6(8), suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). p-Cresidine reached 0.7% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using the Japanese MITI test(8), suggesting that biodegradation is not a fast environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), p-cresidine, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.5X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase p-cresidine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.2X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

Cough.

Redness.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=120-71-8]

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

The Koc of p-cresidine is estimated as 53(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.74(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that p-cresidine is expected to have high mobility in soil. However, aromatic amines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(4,5), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC).

A NUMBER OR SUBSTITUTED ANILINES, PARTICULARLY WHERE THE SUBSTITUTION IS BY AN ORTHO-METHYL GROUP, ARE WEAKLY CARCINOGENIC. LIKE ANILINE, THEY INDUCE SPLENIC SARCOMAS AND, IN ADDITION ... ORTHO-ANISIDINE AND PARA-CRESIDINE ALSO INDUCED CANCER IN THE URINARY BLADDER /OF ANIMALS/, THOUGH AT HIGH DOSE LEVELS. ... SIGNIFICANCE OF CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF SINGLE RING AROMATIC AMINES IN RELATION TO POSSIBLE HUMAN EXPOSURE TO THESE RELATIVELY WEAK CARCINOGENS REQUIRES FURTHER EVALUATION.

para-Cresidine

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 27: (1982) Some Aromatic Amines, Anthraquinones and Nitroso Compounds, and Inorganic Fluorides Used in Drinking-water and Dental Preparations

1987

1987

p-Cresidine

BCFs of <4.6 to 10 were measured for p-cresidine(1,2). In a bioconcentration test using orange-red killifish, p-cresidine was listed as a compound which is non accumulative or of low accumulation in aquatic organisms(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Chemical intermediate for dyes; [HSDB]

For p-cresidine (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 042002) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Chem int for dyes (e.g., FD&C Red 40 and Direct Violet 9)

Substance listed with specific concentration in tattoo ink and/or permanent make up according to EU Commission Regulation 2020/2081. The concentration limit (by weight) is 0.0005%.

(1977) 4.02X10+7 GRAMS (PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS)

(1979) 2.67X10+8 GRAMS (PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS)

2023: 6,613 lb

(1977) 4.54X10+7 - 4.54X10+8 GRAMS

Methylation and reduction of m-nitro-p-cresol

p-Cresidine is produced from methoxylation of 4-chloro-3-nitro toluene.

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 042002; Trade Names: Pestmaster, Pestmaster EDB-85, Dowfume W-85, Bromofume, Soilbrom-85, EDB-85, AAdibroom, Celmide, Bee, Fumo-Gas, Iscobrome D Kopfume.

Grade: technical

Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing

Benzenamine, 2-methoxy-5-methyl-: ACTIVE