Chloramben

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Reuse: The use of chemical reagents as a means of disposal is not recommended at the present time. Amiben's shelf life is of sufficient duration to allow for total use of the product in accordance with label directions. On this basis, there should be few instances of small quantities of excess amiben requiring disposal. For the decontamination of amiben containers, the National Agricultural Chemical Association (USA) recommends triple rinse. "Triple rinse" means the flushing of containers three times, each time using a volume of the normal diluent equal to approx ten percent of the container's capacity and adding the rinse liquid to the spray mixture or disposing it by the method prescribed for disposing of the pesticide.

Incinerate in a unit equipped with an effluent gas scrubber at a temperature above 1000 C about 1-2 seconds. Recommendable method: Incineration.

Wet Oxidation: Studies of wet oxidation process applied to amiben herbicide process wastes indicate 88 to 99.5% destruction of the active ingredient.

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide chloramben in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: beans dried: 0.1 ppm; beans, lima: 0.1 ppm; beans, snap: 0.1 ppm; beans, vines: 0.1 ppm; cantaloupes: 0.1 ppm; corn, field, fodder: 0.1 ppm; corn, field, forage: 0.1 ppm; corn, field, grain: 0.1 ppm; cucumbers: 0.1 ppm; peanuts: 0.1 ppm; peanuts, forage: 0.1 ppm; peas, pigeon: 0.1 ppm; peas, pigeon, forage: 0.1 ppm; peppers: 0.1 ppm; pumpkins: 0.1 ppm; soybeans: 0.1 ppm; soybeans, forage: 0.1 ppm; squash, summer: 0.1 ppm; squash, winter: 0.1 ppm; sunflower seed: 0.1 ppm; Sweet potatoes: 0.1 ppm; and tomatoes: 0.1 ppm.

11 [mg/m3]

120 [mg/m3]

690 [mg/m3]

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). (NTP, 1992)

LOSS /OF CHLORAMBEN/ BY LEACHING WAS MOST PRONOUNCED FROM A SANDY SOIL & WAS PROGRESSIVELY LESS AS CLAY & ORGANIC COMPONENTS INCREASED.

VOLATILITY & SOIL MOVEMENT ARE MORE DEPENDENT ON FORM OF CHLORAMBEN APPLIED THAN ON SOIL TYPE. ...ALUMINUM & AMMONIUM SALTS... WERE EASILY LEACHED FROM SEVERAL ARKANSAS SOILS. METHYL & BUTOXYETHYL ESTERS RESISTED LEACHING, WHILE AMIDE WAS INTERMEDIATE WITH RESPECT TO LEACHING.

/FROM INVESTIGATIVE STUDIES/ ... ONE MIGHT EXPECT THAT CHLORAMBEN PERSISTENCE ... /MAY/ BE GREATEST AS THE BUTOXYETHYL ESTER IN DRY SOIL OF HIGH ORG CONTENT & LEAST FOR ... SALT IN A MOIST SANDY SOIL WHERE HIGH RAINFALL WOULD ACCELERATE LEACHING.

ABSORPTION OF CHLORAMBEN TO SOIL PARTICLES SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY. ... IN ONE INSTANCE, UNDER CONTROLLED LAB CONDITIONS, A MUCK SOIL ABSORBED 29% OF APPLIED CHLORAMBEN, WHEREAS A SILTY CLAY LOAM ABSORBED ONLY 9%. ... DESORPTION OF CHLORAMBEN FROM MUCK SOILS IS SLOW.

For more Environmental Fate (Complete) data for AMIBEN (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=133-90-4]

Chloramben

Hepatic

1.5 x 10 ^-2 mg/kg-day

Amiben is expected to have anionic properties in most soil systems under environmental conditions (pH 5-9). When a column of Ella island soil type (pH 3.8, 1.6% organic matter, 82.7% sand, 12.2% silt, and 5.2% clay) was perfused for 160 days with a microbial medium containing 5.7 and 26.9 ppm (14)-COOH-labelled Amiben, 1.4 ppm (24.6%) and 5.0 ppm (18.5%) Amiben adsorbed to the soil, respectively. When a column of Kewaunee clay soil type (pH 6.4, 3.8% organic matter, 14% sand, 35.1% silt, and 48.7% clay) was perfused for 160 days with a microbial medium containing 5.7 and 26.9 ppm 14COOH-labelled Amiben, 0.6 ppm (11.1%) and 2.6 ppm (9.8%) Amiben adsorbed to the soil, respectively. When a column of Poygan silty clay soil type (pH 7.2, 10% organic matter, 6% sand, 58.9% silt, and 33.6% clay) was perfused for 160 days with a microbial medium containing 5.7 and 26.9 ppm 14COOH-labelled Amiben, 1.4 ppm (24.6%) and 5.4 ppm (20.1%) Amiben adsorbed to the soil, respectively. Therefore, soil pH and organic matter content are the primary factors controlling Amiben adsorption with higher adsorption to soil occurring either at a low pH with a low organic matter content or at a neutral pH with a high organic matter content(1).

In a study of the adsorption of organic herbicides by montmorillonite, Amiben at an initial concentration of 500 umol/L exhibited no adsorption or negative adsorption to Na-montmorillonite soil (pH 6.8 and 87.0 cation exchange capacity) and H-montmorillonite soil (pH 3.35 and 73.5 cation exchange capacity)(3). Amiben was more strongly adsorbed to soil with high organic matter content; furthermore, adsorption of Amiben to soil particles significantly reduced herbicidal activity(5). Based on adsorption studies of 12 soils, a mean Koc value of 190 was determined for amiben(1). In another adsorption study, an experimental Koc value of 21 was determined for Amiben(2). These Koc values indicate that Amiben will have high to very high mobility in soil and will leach(4). However, protonated Amiben may exhibit higher adsorption at lower pHs than its Koc values indicate(SRC).

STUDIES WITH SOIL MICROFLORA INDICATED THAT BREAKDOWN OF AMIBEN OCCURRED...& THAT THE CARBOXYL WAS CLEAVED SLOWLY BUT STEADILY.

MOVES READILY IN SANDY SOILS OR FOLLOWING HEAVY RAINS. ... BROKEN DOWN BY MICROORGANISMS. ... SOME PHOTOCHEMICAL LOSS IN AQUEOUS SOLN. ON MOIST SOIL LOSS REPORTED BUT SOIL MUST REMAIN MOIST FOR LOSS TO OCCUR ... AVG PERSISTENCE @ RECOMMENDED RATES: APPROXIMATELY 6 TO 8 WEEKS.

When a column of Ella island soil type (pH 3.8, 1.6% organic matter, 82.7% sand, 12.2% silt, and 5.2% clay) was perfused for 160 days with a microbial medium containing 5.7 and 26.9 ppm (14)-COOH-labelled Amiben, 56.2 and 39.1% biodegradation was observed for Amiben, respectively. When a column of Kewaunee clay soil type (pH 6.4, 3.8% organic matter, 14% sand, 35.1% silt, and 48.7% clay) was perfused for 160 days with a microbial medium containing 5.7 and 26.9 ppm (14)-COOH-labelled Amiben, 42.7 and 27.7% biodegradation was observed for Amiben, respectively. When a column of Poygan silty clay soil type (pH 7.2, 10% organic matter, 6% sand, 58.9% silt, and 33.6% clay) was perfused for 160 days with a microbial medium containing 5.7 and 26.9 ppm (14)-COOH-labelled Amiben, 40.3 and 22.6 % biodegradation was observed for Amiben, respectively(1).

In an aerobic biodegradation study in a Honeoye silt loam at 25 °C and pH 6.5, amiben biodegraded slowly at rate of 4,500, 6,500, 11,500, and 74,000 cpm (cumulative (14)-CO2 evolution) after 7, 14, 28, and 112 days, respectively(1). According to a bioassay using the soybean plant and 50 ppm Amiben in soil, there was no breakdown of Amiben over an 11-month incubation period in moist soil at 15 °C; at incubation temperatures of 25 and 35 °C, Amiben breakdown over an 11-month period was 42 and 46 percent, respectively(2). Amiben showed the greatest loss of activity in Staten Island peaty muck (42% dissolved organic carbon and pH 5.8) which suggests that the rate of degradation depends on the organic content(3).

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide chloramben in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: beans dried; beans, lima; beans, snap; beans, vines; cantaloupes; corn, field, fodder; corn, field, forage; corn, field, grain; cucumbers; peanuts; peanuts, forage; peas, pigeon; peas, pigeon, forage; peppers; pumpkins; soybeans; soybeans, forage; squash, summer; squash, winter; sunflower seed; sweet potatoes; and tomatoes.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Amiben is included on this list.

(FL) FLORIDA 110 ug/L

(MN) MINNESOTA 100 ug/l

(WI) WISCONSIN 150 ug/l