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2-Methyl-1-butanol

HCID 8723
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Basic information

CAS
137-32-6
Standard SMILES
CCC(C)CO
InChIKey
QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular formula
C5H12O
Average molar mass
88.15 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass
88.088815

Overview

2-methylbutan-1-ol is a primary alcohol that is isopentane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a primary alcohol and an alkyl alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an isopentane.

Names & identifiers

Preferred name
2-Methyl-1-butanol
IUPAC
2-methylbutan-1-ol
English name
2-Methyl-1-butanol
Molecular formula
C5H12O
Molecular weight
88.15

Names & synonyms

2-METHYL-1-BUTANOL2-Methylbutan-1-ol137-32-6Active amyl alcoholsec-Butylcarbinol2-Methylbutanol1-Butanol, 2-methyl-2-Methylbutyl alcohol2-Methyl-n-butanolPrimary active amyl alcohol2-Methyl butanol-1Active primary amyl alcohol
Show more names
2-METHYL BUTANOLFEMA 39981-Butanol,2-methyl-ACTIVE-AMYL ALCOHOL2-methyl-butan-1-olDL-2-METHYL-1-BUTANOL(±)-2-methyl-butan-1-ol(+/-)-2-Methyl-1-butanol
dl-sec-Butyl carbinolDTXSID50270697VTJ239ASUNSC-8431DTXCID107069FEMA NO. 3998CHEBI:48945RefChem:87986

Database identifiers

CAS
137-32-6、1565-80-6、34713-94-5
PubChem CID
8723
DTXSID
DTXSID5027069
ChEMBL
CHEMBL451923
ChEBI
CHEBI:48945
UNII
7VTJ239ASU
EC Number
205-289-9、252-163-4
Nikkaji
J2.022B

Properties

Computed structural properties

XLogP
1.2
Topological polar surface area
20.2 Ų
Hydrogen bond donors
1
Hydrogen bond acceptors
1
Rotatable bonds
2
Heavy atoms
6
Formal charge
0
Complexity
27.1

Experimental & physicochemical properties

LipidsFatty Acyls [FA] -> Fatty alcohols [FA05]
SolventsSolvents -> Alcohols (<C12)
FragrancesFragrance Ingredient (2-Methylbutanol) -> IFRA transparency List
LogP · 3 items

log Kow= 1.29 (measured)

1.290

1.3/1.4

Food AdditivesFLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT -> FDA Substance added to food
Density · 3 items

0.816 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.8

0.815-0.820

Flavoring AgentsEU Flavoring substances
Color/FormCOLORLESS LIQ
Solubility · 6 items

MISCIBLE WITH ALC & ETHER

Sol in acetone

Water solubility: 30,000 mg/l : 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 3.0 (moderate)

Very slightly soluble in water; 50% soluble in heptane, triacetin

Safety & regulation

Safety information is for reference only and does not replace the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS), applicable regulations, or professional assessment.

GHS classification

GHS Classification · 6 items

Danger

H226 (36.3%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2020 reports by companies from 32 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

Hazard information

Regulatory Information · 5 items

Chemical: 1-Butanol, 2-methyl-

Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 (Repealed by Com. Implementing Reg. (EU) No 872/2012)

1-Butanol, 2-methyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1-Butanol, 2-methyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 15-12-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/12040

2-Methyl-1-butanol: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Other Safety InformationEvaluation - Chemicals that are unlikely to require further regulation to manage risks to environment
Fire HazardsFlammable. Above 50 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.
Hazards Summary · 2 items

A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; May cause CNS effects; Swallowing the liquid may cause aspiration into the lungs with the risk of chemical pneumonitis. The liquid defats the skin. [ICSC] Safe when used as a flavoring agent; [JECFA] In oral lethal dose studies, animals have ataxia and prostration; [OECD SIDS] An irritant; Effects in high-dose animal studies include spastic paralysis with/without sensory change; [MSDSonline]

Chemistry & industry

Pharmacology

Cellular LocationsCytoplasm

Uses & manufacturing

Uses · 6 items

Used as a solvent; for organic synthesis (introduction of active amyl group); in lubricants, plasticizers, and additives for oils and paints; as a frothing agent in ore flotation; as a chemical intermediate; [HSDB] Used to manufacture liquid crystals, plant protection agents, and fragrances; to catalyze polymerization of caprolactam; and to extract crude oil; [CHEMINFO]

Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]

SOLVENT; ORGANIC SYNTHESIS (INTRODUCTION OF ACTIVE AMYL GROUP); IN LUBRICANTS, PLASTICIZERS, ADDITIVES FOR OILS & PAINTS.

CHEM INT, EG, FOR ESTERS & ETHERS.

FROTHING AGENT IN ORE FLOTATION.

CHEM INT FOR DIAMYLDITHIOPHOSPHATES (CORROSION INHIBITOR).

U.S. Production · 3 items

2023: 10,000,000 - <50,000,000 lb

(1979) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 2.27X10+6 GRAMS

(1981) 1.36-2.72X10+9 GRAMS (ESTIMATED PRODN)

Industry UsesSolvent
Methods of Manufacturing · 2 items

BY FRACTIONATION OF FUSEL OIL AND VIA CHLORINATION OF PENTANES.

REACTION OF N-BUTENES WITH CARBON MONOXIDE & HYDROGEN IN THE PRESENCE OF COBALT HYDROCARBONYL (OXO PROCESS) FOLLOWED BY HYDROGENATION OF THE RESULTING C5 ALDEHYDES TO A MIXT OF AMYL ALCOHOLS WHICH CAN BE SEPARATED BY DISTILLATION

Formulations/PreparationsEXISTS IN COMMERCE LARGELY AS D-AMYL ALCOHOL.
Use Classification · 6 items

Fragrance Ingredients

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Related reactions

44 records
New reaction record
HRID 4451 reaction equation
HRID 4451As reactantuspto-grants-1988_02
HRID 6318 reaction equation
HRID 6318As reactantuspto-grants-1993_09
HRID 23096 reaction equation
HRID 23096As reactantuspto-grants-2005_02
HRID 116788 reaction equation
HRID 116788As reactantTraining data from https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SC04228D (2/10)
HRID 129378 reaction equation
HRID 129378As reactantuspto-grants-1995_11
HRID 137013 reaction equation
HRID 137013As reactantTraining data from https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SC04228D (9/10)
HRID 137111 reaction equation
HRID 137111As reactantTraining data from https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SC04228D (9/10)
HRID 141929 reaction equation
HRID 141929As reactantTraining data from https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SC04228D (9/10)
Page 1 of 6

Compound notes

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soluble (in ethanol)

Flash Point · 3 items

50 °C

122 °F (50 °C) (OPEN CUP)

50 °C o.c.

Boiling Point · 4 items

128 °C @ 760 MM HG

128.00 to 130.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

128 °C

130 °C

Melting PointFREEZING POINT: LESS THAN -70 °C

Physicochemical properties

Melting point
70 °C · −70 °C(lit.)
Boiling point
130 °C · 130 °C mm Hg(lit.)
alpha
-0.1 · -0.1~+0.1°(20℃/D)(neat)
Density
0.819 g/mL · 0.819 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
vapor density
3 · 3 (vs air)
vapor pressure
3 mm · 3 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index
20 · n20/D 1.411
FEMA
3998 · 3998 | (+/-)-2-METHYL-1-BUTANOL
FLAVIS Number
2.076 · 02.076 | 2-Methylbutan-1-ol
Flash point
110 °F · 110 °F
storage temp.
30 °C · Store below +30°C.
solubility
3.6 g/a00g · water: slightly soluble3.6g/a00g at 30°C
form
Liquid
pka
15.24 · 15.24±0.10(Predicted)
color
Clear colorless to very slightly yellow
PH
7 · 7 (H2O)
Odor
100 % · at 100.00 %. ethereal fusel alcoholic fatty greasy winey whiskey leathery cocoa
Odor Type
ethereal
biological source
synthetic
explosive limit
1.2 · 1.2-10.3%(V)
Water Solubility
3.6 g/100 · 3.6 g/100 mL (30 ºC)
Merck
14 · 14,6030
JECFA Number
1199 · 1199
BRN
1718810 · 1718810
Henry's Law Constant
7.6 · 7.6×10-1 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Brockbank (2013)
Major Application
flavors and fragrances
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions
PERFUMING
InChI
1S/C5H12O/c1-3-5(2)4-6/h5-6H,3-4H2,1-2H3
InChIKey
QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
CCC(C)CO
LogP
1.22 · 1.22
Surface tension
24.09 mN/m · 24.09mN/m at 293.15K
CAS DataBase Reference
137 · 137-32-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS)
2 · 2-METHYL-1-BUTANOL
FDA UNII
7 VTJ239ASU · 7VTJ239ASU
NIST Chemistry Reference
1 · 1-Butanol, 2-methyl-(137-32-6)
EPA Substance Registry System
2 · 2-Methyl-1-butanol (137-32-6)
UNSPSC Code
85151701 · 85151701
NACRES
24 · NA.24
Symbol(GHS)
2 · GHS02,GHS07
Signal word
Warning
Hazard statements
332 · H332-H313-H316-H335-H226
Precautionary statements
501 · P501-P240-P261-P210-P233-P243-P241-P242-P271-P280-P370+P378-P312-P303+P361+P353-P332+P313-P304+P340+P312-P403+P233-P403+P235-P405
target organs
Respiratory system
PPE
Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves, type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
Hazard Codes
Xn
Risk Statements
10 · 10-20-37-66
Safety Statements
46 · 46-24/25
OEB
A
OEL
100 ppm; · TWA: 100.0 ppm; 360.0 mg/m3, STEL: 125.0 ppm; 450.0 mg/m3
RIDADR
1105 · UN 1105 3/PG 3
WGK Germany
3 · 3
RTECS
5250000 · EL5250000
Autoignition Temperature
725 °F · 725 °F
TSCA
TSCA listed
HazardClass
3 · 3
PackingGroup
III
HS Code
29051500 · 29051500
Storage Class
3 · 3 - Flammable liquids
Hazard Classifications
4 InhalationEye · Acute Tox. 4 InhalationEye Dam. 1Flam. Liq. 3Skin Irrit. 2STOT SE 3
Hazardous Substances Data
137 · 137-32-6(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity
50 orally · LD50 orally in Rabbit: 4170 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit 2900 mg/kg
REACH Registrations
Active
Limited Quantities
5 L · 5.0 L (1.3 gallons) (liquid)
Excepted Quantities
Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L)

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of 2-methyl-1-butanol stem from its toxicologic properties. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption), exposure to this colorless liquid may occur from its use as a solvent, as a frothing agent in ore flotation, in lubricants, plasticizers, oils, and paints, and as a chemical intermediate for diamyldithiophosphates, 2-methyl-1-butylamine, esters, and ethers. Effects from exposure may include irritation of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes, headache, dizziness, giddiness, nausea, cardiac arrhythmias, or pulmonary edema. In activities and situations where over-exposure may occur, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus. If contact should occur, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes, and wash exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water. This substance must be moderately heated before ignition will occur. If this substance should be involved in a fire, use water to cool the material to below its flash point.

EC ClassificationSymbol: Xn; R: 10-20-37-66; S: (2)-46
UN ClassificationUN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III
Special ReportsAmyl alcohols or pentanols, Cahiers de Notes Documentaires S'ecurit'e et Hygi'ene du Travail 1st Quarter 1987.
Packaging and LabellingNote: C
NFPA Hazard Classification · 3 items

2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.

2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.

0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

Hazard Classes and Categories · 4 items

Flam. Liq. 3 (100%)

Flam. Liq. 3 (36.3%)

Flammable liquids - Category 3

Flammable liquids - Category 3

Explosive Limits and PotentialExplosive limits , vol% in air: 1.4-9.0
Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations... Severely irritating to the eyes, minimally irritating to the skin.

Safety & protection

Fire FightingUse alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.
First Aid Measures · 4 items

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

Safe StorageFireproof. Cool.
Exposure Control and Personal Protection20.0 [ppm]
Spillage DisposalCollect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable metal or glass containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.
Preventive Measures · 1 item

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Eye PreventionWear safety goggles.
Fire PreventionNO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 50 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.
Inhalation RiskA harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.
Skin PreventionProtective gloves.
Ingestion PreventionDo not eat, drink, or smoke during work.
Inhalation PreventionUse ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Toxicology

Body Burden2-Methyl-1-butanol was detected in 5.4% of 387 expired air samples collected from 54 human volunteers that were classified as healthy urban non-smokers(1); the 2-methyl-1-butanol concn ranged from 3.63 to 41.8 ng/l(1).
Environmental Fate · 3 items

TERRESTRIAL FATE: The only identifiable degradation process in soil is biodegradation. Although biodegradation data specific to 2-methyl-1-butanol are unavailable, analogy to similar aliphatic alcohols suggests that 2-methyl-1-butanol will readily biodegrade. Based upon an estimated Koc values of 15 and 120, 2-methyl-1-butanol is expected to leach readily in soil(2,SRC); however, the importance of leaching may be lessened by relatively rapid, concurrent biodegradation(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: The only important identifiable degradation process in water is biodegradation. Although biodegradation data specific to 2-methyl-1-butanol are unavailable, analogy to similar aliphatic alcohols suggests that 2-methyl-1-butanol will be readily biodegradable. The volatilization half-lives of 2-methyl-1-butanol from a model environmental river (1 meter deep) and model pond have been estimated to be 61 hr and 28 days, respectively(1,2,SRC). Aquatic bioconcentration, hydrolysis, photodegradation and adsorption to sediment are not expected to be important(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon a vapor pressure of 3.13 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), 2-methyl-1-butanol is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). It will degrade in an average ambient atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half-life of 47 hr)(3,SRC). Physical removal from air via wet deposition is possible since 2-methyl-1-butanol is relatively soluble in water(SRC).

Food Survey Values2-Methyl-1-butanol has been identified as a volatile component of blue cheese aroma(1), Concord grape juice essence(2), nectarines(3), apples(4,6), roasted filbert nuts(5), papaya fruit(7), oranges(8), tomatoes(9), beer(10), and wine(11).
Adverse EffectsNeurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome
Exposure RoutesThe substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.
Signs and Symptoms · 3 items

Cough. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Sore throat.

Dry skin. Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Effluent Concentrations2-Methyl-1-butanol was identified as one of the odorous compounds emitted to the air from a sedimentation tank at a German water treatment facility(1).
Soil Adsorption/Mobility · 1 item

Based upon a water solubility of 30,000 mg/l at 25 °C(1), the Koc for 2-methyl-1-butanol can be estimated to be 15 from a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). Based upon a measured log Kow of 1.29(3), the Koc for 2-methyl-1-butanol can be estimated to be 120 from a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). These BCF values suggest that 2-methyl-1-butanol has high to very high soil mobility(4).

Natural Pollution Sources · 1 item

2-Methyl-1-butanol has been identified as a volatile component of blue cheese aroma(1), Concord grape juice essence(2), nectarines(3), apples(4,5), papaya fruit(6), oranges(7), and tomatoes(8). 2-Methyl-1-butanol is released in the volatile emissions from poultry manure(9).

Atmospheric Concentrations2-Methyl-1-butanol was qualitatively detected in indoor air samples from a residential dwelling that had received an oil floor finish known as "Glitsa"(1).
Human Toxicity Excerpts · 2 items

TOXIC BY INGESTION, INHALATION & SKIN ABSORPTION.

2-Methyl-1-butanol ... /is/ low in single dose oral toxicity. ... Severely irritating to the eyes, minimally irritating to the skin, & can be absorbed through the skin. ...

Artificial Pollution Sources · 1 item

2-Methyl-1-butanol was identified as one of the odorous compounds emitted to the air from a sedimentation tank at a German water treatment facility(1). Various solvent uses of 2-methyl-1-butanol will release 2-methyl-1-butanol to air through evaporation(SRC).

Safety data

OEB
A
OEL
TWA: 100.0 ppm; 360.0 mg/m3, STEL: 125.0 ppm; 450.0 mg/m3
PPE
Eyeshields, Faceshields, Gloves, type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
wgk
3
tsca
TSCA listed
rtecs
EL5250000
ridadr
UN 1105 3/PG 3
hs_code
29051500
Toxicity
LD50 orally in Rabbit: 4170 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit 2900 mg/kg
risk_code
10-20-37-66
Signal word
Warning
Symbol(GHS)
GHS02,GHS07
hazard_code
Xn
safety_code
46-24/25
hazard_class
3
Storage Class
3 - Flammable liquids
packing_group
III
target organs
Respiratory system
Hazard statements
H332-H313-H316-H335-H226
Limited Quantities
5.0 L (1.3 gallons) (liquid)
Excepted Quantities
Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (1Kg or 1L)
REACH Registrations
Active
Hazard Classifications
Acute Tox. 4 InhalationEye Dam. 1Flam. Liq. 3Skin Irrit. 2STOT SE 3
Autoignition Temperature
725 °F
Precautionary statements
P501-P240-P261-P210-P233-P243-P241-P242-P271-P280-P370+P378-P312-P303+P361+P353-P332+P313-P304+P340+P312-P403+P233-P403+P235-P405
Hazardous Substances Data
137-32-6(Hazardous Substances Data)

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

General Manufacturing Information · 3 items

Adhesive Manufacturing

1-Butanol, 2-methyl-: ACTIVE

SYNTHETIC PRODUCT IS RACEMIC MIXTURE OF BOTH DEXTRO- & LEVOROTATORY CMPD &, THEREFORE, NOT OPTICALLY ACTIVE.

Applications · 5 items

OccurrenceReportedly present in over 120 natural food products, including apple, apricot, banana, orange, bilberry, black currant, cranberry, papaya, strawberry, tomato and alcoholic beverages

Uses2-Methyl-1-butanol is a whiskey-scented amyl alcohol that is naturally present in all fruits wine and beer. 2-Methyl-1-butanol is commercially used as a solvent in paints and oils and as flavorant in many processed foods. 2-Methyl-1-butanol has a characteristic redolence, which is thought to account for its active properties as an attractant for hornets and certain wasps, such as yellowjackets, in traps. As a biochemical active ingredient, it has a non-toxic mode of action – targeted pests are killed through physical entrapment.

Uses2-Methyl-1-butanol is a volatile metabolite produced by a number of different plant species. Used as a solvent in organic synthesis (introduction of active amyl group), in lubricants, plasticizers, additives for oils & paints. It is also employed as a perfuming agent.

UsesSolvent, organic synthesis (introduction of active amyl group), lubricants, plasticizers, additives for oils and paints.

General DescriptionS-(-)-2-Methyl-1-butanol is a precursor for the synthesis of chiral liquid crystals. It is a potential new-biofuel.

Preparation methods

PreparationPrepared from hydroboration of 2-methyl-1-butene. (–)2-Methyl-1-butanol is isolated by fractional distillation of fusel oil

Upstream & downstream products

Upstream raw materials

FUSEL OILsec-Butyl ethercarbon monoxide

Downstream products

2-Methylbutyl 2-methylbutyrateMethyl isovalerate1-Methylbutyl acetate2-Methylbutylamine5'-Deoxy-5-fluoro-N-[(2-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]cytidineEthylcyclopropaneTetrahydrofuranBenzenemethanamine, α-methyl-N-(2-methylbutyl)-

Additional notes

DefinitionThe active alcohol from fusel oil. The synthetic product is a racemic mixture of both dextroand levorotatory compounds and therefore not optically active.