2,4-Dinonylphenol

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.4X10+7(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,4-dinonylphenol is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,4-dinonylphenol from moist soil surfaces is expected(SRC), given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined using a fragment constant estimation method(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). 2,4-Dinonylphenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure for the unspecified dinonylphenol isomer of 9.0X10-10 mm Hg(4). The estimated pKa of 2,4-dinonylphenol is 10.9(5), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in its unionized form in the environment(SRC). Biodegradation of 2,4-dinonylphenol may be similar to that of 4-nonylphenol(SRC), which, based on microcosm studies using six soils, was considered generally biodegradable in well-aerated arable soils(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.4X10+7(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,4-dinonylphenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 13 hours and 10 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 1.6X10+6 years if adsorption is considered(5). The estimated pKa of 2,4-dinonylphenol is 10.9(6), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in its unionized form in the environment. According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 10.5(8) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 2,4-Dinonylphenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(10). Biodegradation of 2,4-dinonylphenol may be similar to that of nonylphenol(SRC), which was reported to have half-lives of 58 days in seawater(11), and 28 to 104 days in mesocosm experiments using sediment(12).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,4-dinonylphenol, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure for the unspecified dinonylphenol isomer of 9.0X10-10 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase 2,4-dinonylphenol may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). 2,4-Dimethylphenol absorbs light with wavelengths >290 nm(3); by analogy 2,4-dinonylphenol may also absorb light with wavelengths >290 nm and may therefore be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 2,4-dinonylphenol can be estimated to be 1.4X10+7(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,4-dinonylphenol is expected to be immobile in soil. The estimated pKa of 2,4-dinonylphenol is 10.9(3), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in its unionized form in the environment.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: 1. Burning pain in mouth and throat. White necrotic lesions in mouth, esophagus and stomach. Abdominal pain, vomiting...and bloody diarrhea. 2. Pallor, sweating, weakness, headache, dizziness, tinnitus. /phenol/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: 3. Shock: weak irregular pulse, hypotension, shallow respirations, cyanosis, pallor, and profound fall in body temp. 4. Possibly fleeting excitement (delirium), followed by unconsciousness. Convulsions...rarely seen except in children... /phenol/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: 5. Stertorous breathing, mucous rales, rhonchi, frothing at nose and mouth and other signs of pulmonary edema...sometimes seen. Characteristic odor of phenol on breath. 6. Scanty, dark-colored or "smoky" urine. /phenol/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: 6. If death does not occur promptly, moderately severe renal insufficiency may appear. 7. Death from resp...or cardiac failure. 8. If spilled on skin, pain is followed promptly by numbness. Skin becomes blanched, and dry opaque eschar forms over burn. /phenol/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2,4-DINONYLPHENOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

AEROBIC: While data specific to 2,4-dinonylphenol were not available(SRC, 2006), biodegradation of 2,4-dinonylphenol may be similar to that of structurally analogous nonylphenol which, based on microcosm studies using six soils, was considered generally biodegradable in well-aerated arable soils(1). Nonylphenol was reported to have half-lives of 58 days in seawater(2), and 28 to 104 days in mesocosm experiments using sediment(3).

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated for 2-4-dinonylphenol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 10.5(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2,4-dinonylphenol is estimated as 6.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2,4-dinonylphenol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 13 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 10 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 1.6X10+6 years if adsorption is considered(3). 2,4-Dinonylphenol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). However, volatilization from soil surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to soil(SRC). 2,4-Dinonylphenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure for the unspecified dinonylphenol isomer of 9.0X10-10 mm Hg(4).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Nonylphenol caused a skin sensitization reaction in 18 of 20 animals dosed.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Lab toxicity studies indicated that the most sensitive organism to nonylphenol was Daphnia pulex followed by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) embryos and juveniles.

2,4-Dinonylphenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(1). 2,4-Dimethylphenol absorbs light with wavelengths >290 nm(2), by analogy 2,4-dinonylphenol may also absorb light with wavelengths >290 nm, and may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

SURFACE WATER: Samples from the Caroni River, Trinidad and other rivers that flow into the Caroni River were qualitatively analyzed for various trace organic compounds; 2,4-dinonylphenol or its isomers were identified in some samples, concentration not specified(1).

2,4-Dinonylphenol's production and use as a solvent and its use in the production of surfactants may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an extrapolated vapor pressure of 9.0X10-10 mm Hg at 25 °C for the unspecified dinonylphenol isomer indicates 2,4-dinonylphenol will exist in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase 2,4-dinonylphenol will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. 2,4-Dimethylphenol absorbs light with wavelengths >290 nm; by analogy 2,4-dinonylphenol may also absorb light with wavelengths >290 nm, and may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 2,4-dinonylphenol is expected to have no mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1.4X10+7. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. The estimated pKa of 2,4-dinonylphenol is 10.9, indicating that this compound will primarily exist in its unionized form in the environment. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected based on the estimated vapor pressure for 2,4-dinonylphenol. Biodegradation of 2,4-dinonylphenol may be similar to that of 4-nonylphenol, which, based on microcosm studies using six soils, was considered generally biodegradable in well-aerated, arable soils. If released into water, 2,4-dinonylphenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Biodegradation of 2,4-dinonylphenol may be similar to that of nonylphenol, which was reported to have half-lives of 58 days in seawater and 28 to 104 days in mesocosm experiments using sediment. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 13 hours and 10 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 1.6X10+6 years if adsorption is considered. An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 2,4-dinonylphenol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,4-dinonylphenol is produced or used. (SRC)