Chemical ClassesMetals -> Metals, Inorganic Compounds
SpringerMaterials Propertiesvalence band parameter
Physical Description · 2 items
CBI; Other Solid
Colorless translucent solid; [Merck Index] Pale grey or green-grey powder; Odor of ammonia in moist air; Decomposes in water; [Materion Advanced Chemicals MSDS]
Physicochemical properties
Melting point
2200 °C · >2200 °C (lit.)
Density
3.26 g/mL · 3.26 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure
0 Pa · 0Pa at 25℃
RTECS
1055000 · BD1055000
solubility
Soluble in mineral acids.
form
powder
color
White to pale yellow
Specific Gravity
3.26 · 3.26
Resistivity
10 · 10*17 (ρ/μΩ.cm)
Safety & regulation
Safety information is for reference only and does not replace the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS), applicable regulations, or professional assessment.
GHS classification
GHS Classification · 6 items
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.5% (5 of 328) of reports.
P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 328 reports by companies from 19 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
Not Classified
Hazard information
Regulatory Information · 3 items
Chemical: Aluminium nitride (AlN)
Aluminum nitride (AlN) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Aluminum nitride (AlN) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)
Status: Active Update: 13-08-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/17707
Hazards Summary · 1 item
Causes lung changes and liver weight changes in acute intratracheal studies of rats; [RTECS] Decomposed by water forming ammonia and aluminum hydroxide; May cause irritation and possibly burns; Inhalation may cause corrosive injuries to upper respiratory tract and lungs; [Materion Advanced Chemicals MSDS] See NITRIDES.
Hazard Classes and CategoriesSkin Irrit. 2 (88.7%)
Safety & protection
Minimum Risk Level
Chemistry & industry
Pharmacology
Metabolism/Metabolites · 1 item
Aluminum is poorly absorbed following either oral or inhalation exposure and is essentially not absorbed dermally. The bioavailability of aluminum is strongly influenced by the aluminum compound and the presence of dietary constituents which can complex with aluminum and enhance or inhibit its absorption. Aluminum binds to various ligands in the blood and distributes to every organ, with highest concentrations found in bone and lung tissues. In living organisms, aluminum is believed to exist in four different forms: as free ions, as low-molecular-weight complexes, as physically bound macromolecular complexes, and as covalently bound macromolecular complexes. Absorbed aluminum is excreted principally in the urine and, to a lesser extent, in the bile, while unabsorbed aluminum is excreted in the faeces. (L739)
Uses & manufacturing
Uses · 3 items
Used in semiconductor electronics, steel production, electrical engines, naval radio and defense systems, railway transport systems, telecommunications, satellites, and emission control systems; [Merck Index]
Steel Producing [Category: Industry]
Aluminium nitride is a semiconductor and can be used in light-emitting diodes. (T10)
U.S. Production2023: 75,000 - <500,000 lb
Consumer UsesAlloys
Industry UsesAlloys
General Manufacturing Information · 2 items
Primary Metal Manufacturing
Aluminum nitride (AlN): ACTIVE
Applications · 4 items
UsesAluminum nitride (AIN) is an important III-V group semiconductor material, which has aroused great attention due to many outstanding features including high thermal conductivity (~320 Wm10^ -1 K^-1), high electrical resistance (>10^10 Ωcm), low dielectric constant (8.6), wide band gap (6.2eV), and low thermal expansion coefficient (4.2x 10-6°C)-1 match to both Si and GaN semiconductors. AIl these properties make AIN an excellent candidate for use in electronic, light, and field- emission devices. Aluminum nitride advantages High heat dissipation with thermal conductivity of 170 W/m K Non-toxic alternative to BeO Thermal expansion coefficient similar to Si, GaN, and GaAs semiconductors High dielectric strength.
EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.
Health Effects · 1 item
Aluminum targets the nervous system and causes decreased nervous system performance and is associated with altered function of the blood-brain barrier. The accumulation of aluminum in the body may cause bone or brain diseases. High levels of aluminum have been linked to Alzheimer's disease. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium. (L739, L740)
Adverse EffectsDermatotoxin - Skin burns.
Exposure RoutesOral (L739) ; inhalation (L739)
Toxicity Summary · 1 item
The main target organs of aluminum are the central nervous system and bone. Aluminum binds with dietary phosphorus and impairs gastrointestinal absorption of phosphorus. The decreased phosphate body burden results in osteomalacia (softening of the bones due to defective bone mineralization) and rickets. Aluminum's neurotoxicity is believed to involve several mechanisms. Changes in cytoskeletal protein functions as a results of altered phosphorylation, proteolysis, transport, and synthesis are believed to be one cause. Aluminum may induce neurobehavioral effects by affecting permeability of the blood-brain barrier, cholinergic activity, signal transduction pathways, lipid peroxidation, and impair neuronal glutamate nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway, as well as interfere with metabolism of essential trace elements because of similar coordination chemistries and consequent competitive interactions. It has been suggested that aluminum's interaction with estrogen receptors increases the expression of estrogen-related genes and thereby contributes to the progression of breast cancer (A235), but studies have not been able to establish a clear link between aluminum and increased risk of breast cancer (A15468). Certain aluminum salts induce immune responses by activating inflammasomes. (L739, A235, A236)
Signs and Symptoms · 1 item
Inhalating aluminum dust causes coughing and abnormal chest X-rays. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium. (L739, L740)
Carcinogen Classification · 1 item
Not listed by IARC. IARC classified aluminum production as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), but did not implicate aluminum itself as a human carcinogen. (L135) A link between use of aluminum-containing antiperspirants and increased risk of breast cancer has been proposed (A235), but studies have not been able to establish a clear link (A15468).
Safety data
PPE
dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
wgk
3
tsca
TSCA listed
ridadr
UN3178
hs_code
28500090
risk_code
36/37/38-34
Signal word
Danger
Symbol(GHS)
GHS08,GHS09
hazard_code
Xi,C
safety_code
26-37/39-45-36/37/39
hazard_class
4.1
Storage Class
4.3 - Hazardous materials which set free flammable gases upon contact with water
packing_group
II
target organs
Lungs
Hazard statements
H372-H410
REACH Registrations
Active
Hazard Classifications
Aquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1STOT RE 1 Inhalation
Precautionary statements
P260-P264-P270-P273-P314-P391
UsesIn semiconductor electronics; in steel manufacture. AlN components and substrates are used in electrical engines, microelectronics, naval radio and defense systems, railway transport systems, telecommunications and research satellites, and emission control systems.
UsesAluminum nitride possesses very high thermal conductivity and effectively used in the ceramic industry. It finds application in deep ultraviolet optoelectronics, steel production, dielectric layers in optical storage media, chip carriers and as a crucible to grow crystals of gallium arsenide. It is also used as a radio frequency filter, which finds application in mobile phones. Further, it is used as a circuit carrier in semiconductors. In addition to this, it is used as a heat-sink in light-emitting diode lighting technology.
UsesAluminum nitride is a refractory ceramic that is used as an electrically insulating material in applications similar to aluminum oxide. AlN is also used in optical and semiconductor devices with GaN to produce LEDs on sapphire and in piezoelectric MEMS devices.
Preparation methods · 1 item
PreparationAluminum nitride is conveniently prepared by an electric arc between aluminum electrodes in a nitrogen atmosphere. Crucibles of the pressed powder, sintered at 1985°C, are resistant to liquid aluminum at 1985°C, to liquid gallium at 1316°C, and to liquid boron oxide at 1093°C. Aluminum nitride has good thermal shock resistance and is only slowly oxidized in air (1.3% converted to Al2O3 in 30 h at 1427°C). It is inert to hydrogen at 1705°C but is attacked by chlorine at 593°C.
