7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole

SOL IN COMMON ORG SOLVENTS, INSOL IN PETROLEUM ETHER

63 ug/L

7h-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole is a crystalline solid.

Solid; [HSDB]

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 5.4% (3 of 56) of reports.

Danger

H302 (69.6%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P305+P351+P338, P318, P330, P337+P317, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 56 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Warning

Hazard Traits - Bioaccumulation; Carcinogenicity; Environmental Persistence

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Classified as a heterocyclic aromatic compound; Evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals; [HSDB] There is no data available on cancer in humans. There is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. 7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). [IARC, Vol. 103, 2013] See POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. 7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole (194-59-2) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. /Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s150pah.pdf]

7H-DIBENZO(C,G)CARBAZOLE neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. May generate hydrogen, a flammable gas, in combination with strong reducing agents such as hydrides.

Acute Tox. 4 (69.6%)

Carcinogenicity - Category 2

Carcinogens

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 7H-DIBENZO(C,G)CARBAZOLE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 7H-DIBENZO(C,G)CARBAZOLE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: 7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole adsorbs very strongly to soil and if released on soil will remain in the surface layer of soil. It undergoes direct photolysis in water and would be expected to photolyze on the soil surface. It is resistant to biodegradation and would be expected to be persistent in the soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: The results of laboratory investigations suggest that 99% of 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole entering natural waters will be adsorbed onto sediment and that the remaining 1% will be photochemically transformed to yield two products, one of which is phenolic(1). Photolysis is expected to be the dominant process in clear waters and adsorption will be most important in turbid waters(1). Based on experimental photolysis rates at midday, the photolysis half-life of 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole in winter is expected to be 1.0 hr in a model river, 0.5 hr in an oligotrophic lake, and 1.5 hr in a eutrophic lake or pond(1). While the photolysis rate will vary with the time of day, photolysis will be an important process with a half-life of less than a day(1). Since biodegradation appears to be unlikely, desorption from sediment may maintain a low concn of 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole in a water body almost indefinitely(1). Between 50 and 82% of 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole present in most natural waters would be adsorbed to suspended sediment(1). 7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole would be expected to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on its estimated vapor pressure, 3.4X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole should exist in the atmosphere as an aerosol(4,SRC) and be removed by gravitational settling(SRC). Vapor-phase 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole would react with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals resulting in an estimated half-life of 13.8 hr(3,SRC). However, it is not clear what would happen with the adsorbed chemical. 7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole is readily photolyzed in water and may photolyze in atmospheric droplets and while adsorbed to particulate matter(SRC).

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

The soil/water distribution constant of 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole to Des Moines River sediment (0.08% OC), Coyote Creek sediment (1.9% OC), and Searsville Lake sediment (5% OC) was 32,600, 18,500, and 27,600, respectively(1). The respective Koc values are 40,800,000, 970,000 and 550,000(SRC). The Koc for 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole estimated from molecular structure is 1.5X10+6(2). According to a suggested classification scheme(3), these experimental and estimated Kocs suggest that 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole would be immobile in soil(SRC).

Mortality studies have demonstrated that exposure to coke oven emissions, which contain a variety of PAHs, caused increased incidences of lung and genitourinary cancer mortality in coke oven workers ... . /Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/

Workers exposed to creosote containing numerous PAHs developed skin tumors ... . /Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/

Exposures to other chemical mixtures that contain PAHs, such as cigarette smoke, coal tar, coal tar pitch, and bitumens, have been associated with increased incidences of lung cancer in humans. /Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/

Dermal exposure to coal tar and shale oils containing PAHs have been associated with increased incidences of skin tumors in humans ... . /Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/

There is no commercial production of 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole(1). Polynuclear nitrogen compounds are released in various combustion processes. 7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole is found in coal tar and coal distillates as well as cigarette smoke(1,2) and may be released to the environment as emissions and residues from these combustion sources(SRC).

Polynuclear aromatic compounds generally exhibit decreasing biodegradation with increasing number of rings(1). No enrichment cultures capable of degrading 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole could be prepared from eutrophic creek water, sewage or oil refinery effluents in 6-week laboratory studies(2).

7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 32: (1983) Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds, Part 1: Chemical, Environmental and Experimental Data

2013

2011

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

The estimated log Kow for 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole is 5.58(1). Using this log Kow, one can estimate a BCF of 10,000 for 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole using a recommended regression equation(2). This BCF indicates that 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole has a very high potential for bioconcentration in fish and aquatic organisms(SRC).

Volatilization of 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazol from water in laboratory experiments was undetectable(1). The Henry's Law constant for 7H-dibenzo(c,g)carbazole estimated from molecular structure is 2.45X10-9 atm-cu m/mol(2). Chemicals with such low Henry's Law constants are nonvolatile from water(3).

3H-/labeled/ 7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (3 mg), administered intratracheally in saline or water to hamsters, was cleared from the respiratory tract with a half-life of 1-3 hr, which was several times faster than the rate observed for benzo[a]pyrene ... 7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole was distributed to the liver, kidney, brain and fat, with highest concn observed in the intestine; 6 hr after administration, five times as much radioactivity was observed in the feces (16%) as in the urine (3%).

No known commercial use or production; [HSDB]

There is no known use of this compound.

This is a toxic chemical found in cigarettes or generated by tobacco combustion.

(1977) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN US

(1979) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN US