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HuagongsheHuagongshe Chemistry Print Report · For research reference only
HCID 9237Generated: October 27, 2026

Dabco

DABCO · 1,4-DIAZABICYCLO[2.2.2]OCTANE · teda · DBACO · TED · BACO · 1,4-diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octane · 1,4-diazabicyclooctane

https://huagongshe.com/en/chemical/9237

Dabco molecular structure

Identifiers & Physical Properties

CAS No.280-57-9
Molecular formulaC6H12N2
Average molar mass112.17 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass112.10004839 g/mol
SMILESC1CN2CCN1CC2
InChIKeyIMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID9237
ChEMBLCHEMBL3183414
ChEBICHEBI:151129
EC No.205-999-9
DTXSIDDTXSID0022016

Chemical & Physical Properties

XLogP-0.2
Topological polar surface area6.5
Hydrogen bond donors0
Hydrogen bond acceptors2
Rotatable bonds0
Heavy atoms8
Formal charge0
Complexity61
Density1.14 at 28 °C (Water = 1)[NITEChemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Ver 2006.01.30 Updated. National Institute of Technology and Evaluation. Tokyo, Japan. Thiodiethylene glycolBicyclo1.02 g/mL
Color/FormColorless hygroscopic crystals
Solubility13 g/100 g acetone at 25 °C51 g/100 g benzene at 25 °C77 g/100 g ethanol at 25 °C26.1 g/100 g methyl ethyl ketone at 25 °CSoluble in chloroform45 g/100 g water at 25 °C400g/l46 g/100 mL (26 ºC)
Flash point62 °C198 °F
Boiling point174 °C174 °C @760 [mm Hg]
DecompositionWhen heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.
Melting point158 °C156-159 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure0.74 [mmHg]2.9 mm Hg ( 50 °C)
Heat of Vaporization61.9 kJ/mol (heat of sublimation below 75 °C)
Physical DescriptionLiquidLarge CrystalsWhite crystals with an ammonia-like odourSublimes (goes directly from solid to vapour) readily at room temperatureExtremely hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air)[CHEMINFO]
Dissociation ConstantspKa1 = 3.0pKa2 = 8.7
Kovats Retention Index1018102310401520153115351548
Bulk density800kg/m3
Refractive indexn20/D 1.4634(lit.)
Storage conditionsStore below +30°C.
Physical stateHygroscopic Crystals
pKa (acidity coefficient)3.0, 8.7(at 25℃)
ColorWhite to pale yellow
SensitivityHygroscopic
Merck14,9669
BRN103618
Henry's law constant3.1×103 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Du et al. (2017)
StabilityStable, but very hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids. Highly flammable.
InChI1S/C6H12N2/c1-2-8-5-3-7(1)4-6-8/h1-6H2
InChIKeyIMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILESN12CCN(CC2)CC1
LogP (partition coefficient)-0.49 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference280-57-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNIIX8M57R0JS5
NIST Chemistry ReferenceTriethylenediamine(280-57-9)
EPA Substance Registry System1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (280-57-9)
UNSPSC Code12352100
NACRESNA.23
GHS pictogramGHS02,GHS05,GHS07
Signal wordDanger
GHS hazard statementsH228-H302-H315-H318
GHS precautionary statementsP210-P240-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338
Hazard symbolsXn,F
Risk statements (R)22-36/37/38-52/53-41-36/38-11
Safety statements (S)26-60-37/39-3-16-36/37-61
UN transport numberUN 1325 4.1/PG 2
Water hazard class (WGK)1
RTECS numberHM0354200
F3
Autoignition temperature350 °C
TSCA inventory statusTSCA listed
Hazard class8Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Dam. 1Flam. Sol. 1Skin Irrit. 2
Packing groupIII
Customs code29335920
Storage class4.1B - Flammable solid hazardous materials
Hazardous substances data280-57-9(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 orally in Rabbit: 700 mg/kg
REACH registrationsActive
Limited quantities1.0 Kg (2.2 lbs)
Excepted quantitiesMax Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml)

Safety & Regulations

GHS classificationThis chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.7% (6 of 801) of reports.DangerH228 (82.6%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]H302 (96.5%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]H315 (97.3%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]H318 (50.7%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]H319 (44.2%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]H335 (16.4%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposureRespiratory tract irritation]H412 (14.5%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]P210, P240, P241, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 801 reports by companies from 42 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 6 of 801 reports by companies.There are 41 notifications provided by 795 of 801 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.
Regulatory informationChemical: 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 07-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13591Status: Active Update: 03-05-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/24495

Applications & Uses

Uses

An anti-fade reagent shown to scavenge free-radicals due to flurochrome excitation.

Uses

1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane is used as polyurethane catalyst, Balis-Hillman reaction catalyst complexing ligand and lewis base. It finds use in dye lasers and in mounting samples for fluorescence microscopy and as anti-fade reagent shown to scavenge free radicals due to flurochrome excitation of fluorochromes. Further, it is an oxidation and polymerization catalyst.

General Description

Dabco33-LV (Db) is a gelling catalyst and a bidentate ligand that forms a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a variety of substrates. It functionalizes the surface and immobilizes the surface atoms.

Preparation & Synthesis

Preparation

Triethylenediamine can be produced from ethylenediamine or ethanolamine, diethanolamine, or diethylenetriamine with a variety of different catalysts.

1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard
Hazards summaryWorkers have reported visual disturbances--haloes around lights[ACGIH] Corrosive to skin[Quick CPC] Corrosive to skin and eyes[CHEMINFO]
DOT Emergency Guidelines/GUIDE 133: FLAMMABLE SOLIDS/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect. Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence. Substance may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. /Flammable solid, organic, NOS (1,4-Diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane)//GUIDE 133: FLAMMABLE SOLIDS/ Health: Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Flammable solid, organic, NOS (1,4-Diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane)//GUIDE 133: FLAMMABLE SOLIDS/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Flammable solid, organic, NOS (1,4-Diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane)//GUIDE 133: FLAMMABLE SOLIDS/ Protection Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Flammable solid, organic, NOS (1,4-Diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane)/For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,4-DIAZABICYCLO(2.2.2)OCTANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Hazard Classes and CategoriesFlam. Sol. 1 (82.6%)Acute Tox. 4 (96.5%)Skin Irrit. 2 (97.3%)Eye Dam. 1 (50.7%)Eye Irrit. 2 (44.2%)STOT SE 3 (16.4%)Aquatic Chronic 3 (14.5%)Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 4Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 2Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 2Reproductive toxicity - Category 2Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 2 (central nervous system)Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure - Category 1 (upper respiratory tract)
Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities... In paint manufacture, preliminary small-scale (12 g) tests in which ethyl acetate soln of cellulose nitrate and the other components were mixed in a lagged boiling tube showed large exotherms (which boiled the solvent off) with 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane ... Subsequent test in which small portions of ... undiluted /1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2.)octane/ and dried cellulose nitrate linters were contacted (with a little added butyl acetate for the solid phenol) under various condition ... ignition /occurred/ ...Activated carbon showed an auto-ignition temp in flowing air of 452 to 518 °C. Presence of 5% of ... triethylenediamine adsorbed on the carbon reduced the autoignition temp (AIT) to 230 to 260 °C. At high air flow rates an exotherm was seen at 230 to 260 °C but ignition did not then occur until 500 °C.A sample of the 1:1 complex /of 1.4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane and hydrogen peroxide/exploded while being dried overnight in a desiccator.
Disposal methodsSRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
Protective Action Criteria (PAC)14 [mg/m3]23 [mg/m3]140 [mg/m3]
Ecotoxicity valuesLC50Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow, size 17.5 mm, wt 0.085 g)Conditions: freshwaterflow-throughConcentration: 1730000 ug/L (95% confidence limit: 1510000 to 1980000 ug/L) for 4 days /active ingredient/
Environmental fateTERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.4(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 450 g/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that triethylenediamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa1 and pKa2 of triethylenediamine are 3.0 and 8.7, respectively(2), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in cation form in the environment and cations generally have lower mobility in soils than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of triethylenediamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process, since this compound is expected to primarily exist in the cation form in the environment(SRC). Triethylenediamine is expected to volatilize slowly from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.742 mm Hg(5). A 0% theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using the Japanese MITI test(6) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).[(1) Swann RL et alRes Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) O'Neil MJ, edThe Merck Index. 13th ed, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., p. 1723 (2001) (3) Lyman WJ et alHandbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990) (4) Doucette WJpp. 141-188 in Handbook of Property Estimation Methods for Chemicals. Boethling RS, Mackay D, eds. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publ (2000) (5) Yaws CLHandbook of Vapor Pressure. Volume 2 - C5 to C7 Compounds. Gulf Publishing Co.: Houston, TX, p. 190 (1994) (6) NITEChemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Ver 2006.01.30 Updated. National Institute of Technology and Evaluation. Tokyo, Japan. Thiodiethylene glycolbicycloAQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.4(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 450 g/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that triethylenediamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). The pKa1 and pKa2 of triethylenediamine are 3.0 and 8.7, respectively(2), which indicate triethylenediamine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), a BCF values of <1.3 and <13(5), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 0% theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using the Japanese MITI test(6) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).[(1) Swann RL et alHandbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9, 15-1 to 15-29 (1990) (4) Franke C et alChemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994) (5) NITEATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), triethylenediamine, which has a vapor pressure of 0.742 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase triethylenediamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 18 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Triethylenediamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).
Adverse effectsDermatotoxin - Skin burns.
Soil Adsorption/MobilityThe Koc of triethylenediamine is estimated as 3.4(SRC), using a water solubility of 450 g/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that triethylenediamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa1 and pKa2 values of triethylenediamine are 3.0 and 8.7(1), respectively, indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally have lower mobility in soils than their neutral counterparts(4).
Human Toxicity Excerpts/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ...Can cause corneal disturbance in workers exposed to the vapor. It is reported to have induced fine corneal epithelial edema & to have caused people to see haloes around lights several hours after exposure.
Artificial Pollution SourcesTriethylenediamine's production and use as a catalyst in the manufacture of urethane foams(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Environmental BiodegradationAEROBIC: Triethylenediamine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(1).[(1) NITEChemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Ver 2006.01.30 Updated. National Institute of Technology and Evaluation. Tokyo, Japan. Thiodiethylene glycolbicyclo
Environmental BioconcentrationBCF values of <1.3 and <13 were measured using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over an 6-week period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).[(1) NITEChemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Ver 2006.01.30 Updated. National Institute of Technology and Evaluation. Tokyo, Japan. Thiodiethylene glycolbicyclo
Volatilization from Water/SoilVolatilization from water and moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur since triethylenediamine will exist primarily in the cation form in the environment(SRC), based on its pKa1 and pKa2 values of 3.0 and 8.7, respectively(1). Triethylenediamine is expected to volatilize slowly from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.742 mm Hg(2).
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The acute toxicologic and pharmacologic effects of two foam catalyst amines have been determined. This work has been undertaken with the view of elucidating the possible ocular hazard which may exist after excessive inhalation of vapor in industry. By several routes of administration, tetramethylbutanediamine (TMBDA) appears to be more toxic and irritating than triethylenediamine (TED). Exposure to concentrated vapor of each amine has indicated that TMBDA will produce marked pupillary dilation and loss of accommodation after inhalation periods as short as 15 minutes, whereas a 5-hour vapor inhalation of TED is without such effects. The two amines possess marked physiological properties at intravenous doses considerably lower than those considered fatal by any route of administration. In pentobarbitalized dogs and cats, TMBDA has been shown to exhibit a selective blockade of autonomic ganglia without an accompanying effect on more peripheral sites. Ganglion blockade after TMBDA was somewhat shorter than that observed with clinically useful blocking agents. Attempts have been made to correlate these animal findings with human experiences resulting in ocular disturbances after exposure to TMBDA vapor. The pharmacologic properties of TED have been described. This agent produced in appropriate doses an initial transient depressor effect followed by a sharp and more prolonged pressor response in anesthetized animals. Depressor activity was selectively eliminated by atropine. Pressor activity was abolished by hexamethonium or tolazoline, and diminished by adrenalectomy. A partial depletion of catechol amines by reserpine caused an apparent exaggeration of pressor activity of TED. Enhancement of activity was also observed in dogs treated with dichloroisoproterenol. Adrenalectomy of dogs partially depleted of catechol amines by reserpine or a more prolonged reserpine-pretreatment stage abolished pressor response entirely while apparent/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ When tested on mice the vapor /SRP: aerosol/ appears to have had no effect on the pupils or accommodation.
Environmental Abiotic DegradationThe rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of triethylenediamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported to be 2.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 18 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Triethylenediamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Triethylenediamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(3).
Probable Routes of Human ExposureOccupational exposure to triethylenediamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where triethylenediamine is produced or used(SRC). Triethylenediamine concentrations in air in a polyurethane factory ranged from 0.017 to 0.110 ppm(1).
F3
Water hazard class (WGK)1
TSCA inventory statusTSCA listed
RTECS numberHM0354200
UN transport numberUN 1325 4.1/PG 2
Customs code29335920
ToxicityLD50 orally in Rabbit: 700 mg/kg
Risk statements (R)22-36/37/38-52/53-41-36/38-11
Signal wordDanger
GHS pictogramGHS02,GHS05,GHS07
Hazard symbolsXn,F
Safety statements (S)26-60-37/39-3-16-36/37-61
Hazard class8Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Dam. 1Flam. Sol. 1Skin Irrit. 2
Storage class4.1B - Flammable solid hazardous materials
Packing groupIII
GHS hazard statementsH228-H302-H315-H318
Limited quantities1.0 Kg (2.2 lbs)
Excepted quantitiesMax Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml)
REACH registrationsActive
Autoignition temperature350 °C
GHS precautionary statementsP210-P240-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338
Hazardous substances data280-57-9(Hazardous Substances Data)