Cyclobutane

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

General First Aid:

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 49(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that cyclobutane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of cyclobutane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be important(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.14 atm-cu m/mole(3). The potential for volatilization of cyclobutane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on a vapor pressure of 1.18X10+3 mm Hg(4). Activated sludge tests suggest that biodegradation of cyclobutane is expected to be slow in soil(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 49(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that cyclobutane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Cyclobutane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.14 atm-cu m/mole(4). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hrs and 3 days, respectively(3,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 10(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow(2,SRC), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Cyclobutane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3). Activated sludge tests suggest that biodegradation of cyclobutane is expected to be slow in water(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cyclobutane, which has a vapor pressure of 1.18X10+3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cyclobutane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 10 days(3,SRC). Cyclobutane is not expected to undergo direct photolysis due to the lack of absorption in the environmental spectrum(4).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for cyclobutane can be estimated to be about 49(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that cyclobutane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

When incubated with either adapted or nonadapted activated sludge, cyclobutane underwent <25% of the theoretical BOD in 24 hrs(1). Pure culture studies showed various isolated species of bacteria were unable to utilize cyclobutane as the sole carbon source in soil(2).

An estimated BCF of 10 was calculated for cyclobutane(1,SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.19(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Henry's Law constant for cyclobutane is estimated as 0.14 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that cyclobutane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the estimated volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is approximately 2 hours(2,SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is approximately 3 days(2,SRC). Cyclobutane's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of cyclobutane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on a vapor pressure of 1.18X10+3 mm Hg(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cyclobutane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals of 1.20X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1) corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 10 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2,SRC). Cyclobutane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental spectrum.

INDUSTRIALLY...NOT EXPECTED TO BE HEALTH HAZARD.

Occupational exposure to cyclobutane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cyclobutane is produced or used. (SRC)