Tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.2X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that Bromophthalein Magenta E is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). The estimated pKa of Bromophthalein Magenta E is 4.5(3), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of Bromophthalein Magenta E from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given the pKa(3). Bromophthalein Magenta E is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.2X10-15 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5).Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2009).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.2X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that Bromophthalein Magenta E is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A estimated pKa of 4.5(3) indicates Bromophthalein Magenta E will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 7,700(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 6.4(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process(SRC) based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 5.8 years and 210 days at pHs 7 and 8, respectively(8). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2009).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), Bromophthalein Magenta E, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-14 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase Bromophthalein Magenta E may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Bromophthalein Magenta E contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of Bromophthalein Magenta E can be estimated to be 3.2X10+5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that Bromophthalein Magenta E is expected to be immobile in soil. The estimated pKa of Bromophthalein Magenta E is 4.5(3), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

An estimated BCF of 7700 was calculated in fish for Bromophthalein Magenta E(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 6.4(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

An estimated pKa of 4.5(1) indicates Bromophthalein Magenta E will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces or moist soil is not expected to be an important fate process(2). Bromophthalein Magenta E is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.2X10-15 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 3.8X10-2 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(1); this corresponds to half-lives of 5.8 years and 210 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(1). Bromophthalein Magenta E contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Bromophthalein Magenta E's production and use as a pH indicator may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-14 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Bromophthalein Magenta E will exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase Bromophthalein Magenta E will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. Bromophthalein Magenta E contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, Bromophthalein Magenta E is expected to have no mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 3.2X10+5. The estimated pKa of Bromophthalein Magenta E is 4.5, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the acid exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, Bromophthalein Magenta E is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. The estimated pKa indicates Bromophthalein Magenta E will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. An estimated BCF of 7700 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 5.8 years and 210 days at pHs 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to Bromophthalein Magenta E may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Bromophthalein Magenta E is produced or used. (SRC)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/