ロベリン

解説ロベリン，北アメリカ原産のキキョウ科の一年草ロベリアソウ Loberia inflataの葉，種子に含まれるアルカロイド。化学的にはピペリジン誘導体である。神経節，神経筋接合部に対してニコチン様作用をもっている。作用の特徴は，ニコチンよりも頸動脈球の化学受容器に対する興奮作用が強く，反射的に呼吸中枢を興奮させることである。過量の麻酔薬による呼吸抑制，新生児の仮死，一酸化炭素やモルヒネの急性中毒などに対して呼吸興奮剤として用いられる。この場合，呼吸中枢の興奮性が保持されていないと効果を期待しにくい。大量投与では，心臓の刺激伝導系の障害を起して死亡することもある。

説明Lobeline is mainly present in Lobelia chinensis, Lobelia inflata, Campanula medium, Lobelia hassleri, and Lobelia nicotianaefolia . Lobelia inflata has also been considered as an Indian tobacco and has been used for the treatment of respiratory diseases for a long history. It was also a treatment of asthma by American Aborigines. In the United States during the nineteenth century, doctors use Lobelia inflata as a vomiting agent, to remove the poison from the body. It is also called “vomit grass.” Now Lobelia inflata is still used to clear throat, bronchial, lung, and other respiratory mucus .

来歴In the 1930s, the chemical synthesis process of lobeline was completed, and its artificial synthesis was realized, which was found in Lobelia inflata from the North American Campanulaceae. It was commonly used as a lobeline hydrochloride. Because of its structure similar to nicotine, it was initially used for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Further study found that lobeline can selectively excite the carotid sinus peripheral chemoreceptors, then reflect the excitement of the medullary breathing center, and enhance respiratory function. Therefore, it is widely used as a respiratory stimulant .Although lobeline showed similar biological activity with nicotine, its potency is just only 1/5~1/20 of nicotine. Hence, lobeline was used as a substitute for nicotine in many smoking cessation products. However, in 1993, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the sale of smoking cessation products containing lobeline because it was ineffective in helping people quit smoking. However, the research of lobeline in drug addiction still continues.

使用Lobeline is the principal lobelia alkaloid.It occurs in the seeds and herb of Indiantobacco (Lobelia inflata and Lobeliaceae). Itis used as a respiratory stimulant. Its sulfatesalt is used in antismoking tablets.

使用The action of lobeline is in many respects similar to nicotine; however, it is 50–100 times weaker than nicotine. It is also first, a stimulant, and second, a depressant of sympathetic ganglia, parasympathetic ganglia, adrenal glands, and others. It can be used as a drug to assist with quitting smoking.