アンチモン(III)トリクロリド

解説融点73.4℃，沸点223℃，比重3.14(20℃)。潮解性が強く，放置すると粘い半液状となることが多く，アンチモンバターの名で古くから知られている。水に溶解するとオキシ塩化アンチモン(III)SbOCl(塩化アンチモニルともいう)を生じ，酸性を呈して濁る。

用途ビタミンAや類似のカロテノイドの検出試薬として用いられ、その方法はカールプライス反応 (Carr-Price reaction) あるいはカールプライス試験と呼ばれる。塩化アンチモン(III) はカロテノイドと反応させると青色の錯体を形成するので、これを比色分析によって測定する。

使用Antimony Trichloride is used as a chlorinating agent, as a fireproofing agent in textiles; in bronzing steel and as a mordant in dyeing as well as a caustic in medicine. It is also used as an apoptosis agent that is used to detect cholesterols and carotenoids.

一般的な説明Antimony trichloride is a colorless crystalline solid. Antimony trichloride is shipped as a solid or liquid solution. Antimony trichloride is decomposed slowly by water to hydrochloric acid and antimony oxychloride. Antimony oxychloride is soluble in hydrochloric acid but insoluble in water. Antimony trichloride is corrosive to metals and tissue.

Although manufacture from antimony metal and chlorine is expensive, it is feasible on a small scale. The best procedure is to react chlorine with antimony metal in liquid antimony trichloride or concentrated hydrochloric acid. In the first case the temperature can be as high as 200 ℃. Equally good results are obtained by dissolving antimony oxides in hot, concentrated hydrochloric acid. Distillation of the crude product or its solution in strong hydrochloric acid in the presence of some metallic antimony or iron (to reduce antimony(V) and iron(III) compounds) then yields pure antimony trichloride.

製造方法SbCl3 is prepared by reaction of chlorine with antimony, antimony trioxide or antimony trisulfide. It also may be made by treating antimony trioxide with concentrated hydrochloric acid.

純化方法Dry the trichloride over P2O5 or by mixing it with toluene or xylene and distilling (water is carried off with the organic solvent), then distil it twice under dry nitrogen at 50mm, and sublime it twice in a vacuum into ampoules and seal. It can be crystallised from CS2 and is deliquescent. It fumes in moist air and is decomposed by H2O with precipitation of the basic chloride, but forms a clear solution in dilute HCl.

定義ChEBI: An inorganic chloride salt with formula SbCl3. It is used as a reagent for detecting vitamin A and related carotenoids, reacting with the carotenoid to form a blue complex that can be measured by colorimetry (the Carr-Price test). Solu ions of antimony trichloride were formerly used for dissolving and removing horn stubs from calves and goats.