シアン化銀カリウム

(Non-Specific -- Cyanide, Inorganic, n.o.s.) Isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal. Do not scatter the material.

PROTECT FROM LIGHT.

ALL CONTAINERS OF CYANIDE SALTS SHOULD BE KEPT COVERED OR IN EXHAUST HOOD WHEN NOT IN USE. /CYANIDES/

Cyanide salts as solids must be stored in sealed or tightly closed containers. No hooks should be used in handling cyanide containers. ... Storage areas must be adequately ventilated to ensure that cyanide concentrations do not exceed the recommended workplace environmental limits. /Cyanide salts/

Cyanide salts as solids or solutions must be ... protected from corrosion or damage. They should be stored so there is no contact with nitrate-nitrite mixtures or peroxides. /Cyanide salts/

... SHOULD BE STORED IN COOL, WELL-VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF DIRECT RAYS OF SUN, AWAY FROM ... FIRE HAZARD, & SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED & MONITORED. INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED ... /CYANIDES & COPPER CMPD/

THE OXIDATION OF CN- & COMPLEX METALLIC CYANIDES, INCLUDING POTASSIUM SILVER CYANIDE, WITH O3 IN AN ALKALINE MEDIUM IS CATALYZED BY TRANSITION METAL IONS & IS THE BASIS OF A TREATMENT FOR WASTE WATER CONTAINING CN- & ITS COMPLEXES. BASED ON THE RESULTS OBTAINED, PLANT DESIGN CRITERIA ARE PRESENTED, & PROCEDURES ARE SUGGESTED FOR A CONTINUOUS OPERATION & FOR AUTOMATION OF THE PLANT.

WASTE CYANIDE SALTS FROM CASE HARDENING OF STEEL ARE DESTROYED BY REACTING THE SALTS AT 650-700 °C WITH WASTE FERRIC HYDROXIDE SLUDGES FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. /CYANIDE SALTS/

Spills of cyanide salts should be immediately and carefully cleaned up by shoveling the material into a proper container. Care must be exercised to minimize any dispersal of cyanide dust into the air. /Cyanide salts/

REMOVAL OF COPPER, NICKEL, ZINC, CADMIUM AND CYANIDE FROM PLATING WASTEWATER BY ELECTROFLOTATION IS DISCUSSED. /CYANIDES/

If powdered silver metal or sol silver cmpd are spilled or leaked, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. Collect spilled material in most convenient & safe manner & deposit in sealed containers for reclamation. Liquid containing silver metal or sol silver cmpd should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material. /Silver metal & sol silver cmpd/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D003; P099; D011, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Potassium silver cyanide is a poor candidate for incineration.

Cyanide salts should not be flushed into any drain which may contain or subsequently receive acid waste. ... Cyanide process waste solutions and flushings from spills should be passed through a cyanide waste disposal system. /Cyanide salts/

ALL CONTAINERS ... SHOULD BE KEPT COVERED OR IN EXHAUSTED HOOD WHEN NOT IN USE. ANY PROCESS THAT MAY RELEASE HYDROGEN CYANIDE SHOULD BE MECHANICALLY EXHAUSTED, WITH PROVISION FOR HIGHER RATE DURING EMERGENCIES. DIRECT READING INSTRUMENTS FOR DETERMINATION OF HYDROCYANIC ACID ARE AVAILABLE. /CYANIDES/

PERSONS WHO WORK WITH & AROUND CYANIDE PREPN SHOULD BE GIVEN SPECIFIC DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS ON MANAGEMENT OF CYANIDE POISONING. /CYANIDES/

ATTENTION TO ... VENTILATION IS NECESSARY. ... BECAUSE OF THE LOW PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVEL ... COMPLETE ENCLOSURE OF PROCESS IS RECOMMENDED. ... THOSE WORKING WITH CYANIDE SALTS SHOULD BE INSTRUCTED THAT CONTACT WITH ACIDS WILL RELEASE HYDROGEN CYANIDE. WHERE EXPOSURE POTENTIAL EXISTS, WORKERS SHOULD BE TRAINED TO RECOGNIZE THE ODOR OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE & WHEN ... DETECTED, WORK AREA SHOULD BE EVACUATED IMMEDIATELY. /CYANIDES/

Employees should wash promptly when skin is wet or contaminated. Work clothing should be changed daily if it is possible that clothing is contaminated. Remove nonimpervious clothing promptly if wet or contaminated. Provide emergency eyewash. /Siver & cmpd/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for POTASSIUM SILVER CYANIDE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

0.01 [mg/m3], as Ag

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.01 mg/cu m /Silver soluble compounds, as Ag/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Silver soluble compounds, as Ag/

Ceiling Limit: 4.7 ppm, skin /Hydrogen cyanide/

Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (L97)

Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. Exposure to high levels of silver for a long period of time may result in a condition called arygria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin and other body tissues. Argyria is a permanent effect but does not appear to be harmful to health. While silver itself is not toxic, most silver salts are, and may damage the liver, kidney, and central nervous system, as well as be carcinogenic. (L808, L809, L810, L96, L97)

Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. Metallic silver is oxidized and may deposit in the tissues, causing arygria. The silver ion is known to inhibit glutathione peroxidase and NA+,K+-ATPase activity, disrupting selenium-catalyzed sulfhydryl oxidation-reduction reactions and intracellular ion concentrations, respectively. Silver nanoparticles are believed to disrupt the mitochondrial respiratory chain, causing oxidative stress, reduced ATP synthesis, and DNA damage. (L808, A243, A244, A245, A246, L97)

Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. Exposure to high levels of silver for a long period of time may result in a condition called arygria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin and other body tissues. Argyria is a permanent effect but does not appear to be harmful to health. Exposure to high levels of silver in the air has resulted in breathing problems, lung and throat irritation, and stomach pains. Skin contact with silver can cause mild allergic reactions such as rash, swelling, and inflammation in some people. (L808, L96, L97)

Potassium silver cyanide

Reproductive

5 x 10 ^-3 mg/kg-day

Initial medical examination /should include/: a complete history and physical examination ... to detect existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at incr risk & to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. ... Examination of cardiovascular, nervous, & upper resp systems, & thyroid should be stressed. The skin should be exam for evidence of chronic disorders. ... The aforementioned medical exam should be repeated on an annual basis. ... /Cyanides/

Special attention should be given to other sources of silver exposure, for example, medications or previous occupational exposure. Inspection of the nasal septum, eyes, and throat will generally give incidence of pigmentation before generalized argyria occurs. This will usually be seen first in the ear lobes, face and hands. /Silver & cmpd/

Pre-placement and periodic examinations should include the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, liver and kidney function, blood, history of fainting and dizzy spells. Blood cyanide levels may be useful during acute intoxication. Urinary thiocyanate levels have been used but are nonspecific and are elevated in smokers. /Cyanides/

Arterial Blood Gases: Arterial blood gases may be useful for monitoring of metabolic acidosis that can occur from cyanide poisoning. /Cyanide/

For more Medical Surveillance (Complete) data for POTASSIUM SILVER CYANIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 1. Massive doses may produce, without warning, sudden loss of consciousness and prompt death from respiratory arrest. With smaller but still lethal doses, the illness may be prolonged for 1 or more hours. 2. Upon ingestion, a bitter, acrid, burning taste is sometimes noted, followed by a feeling of constriction or numbness in the throat. Salivation, nausea and vomiting are not unusual ... 3. Anxiety, confusion, vertigo, giddiness, and often a sensation of stiffness in the lower jaw. 4. Hyperpnea and dyspnea. Respirations become very rapid and then slow and irregular. Inspiration is characteristically short while expiration is greatly prolonged. 5. The odor of bitter almonds may be noted on the breath or vomitus ... 6. In the early phases of poisoning, an increase in vasoconstrictor tone causes a rise in blood pressure and reflex slowing of the heart rate. Thereafter the pulse becomes rapid, weak, and sometimes irregular ... A bright pink coloration of the skin due to high concentrations of oxyhemoglobin in the venous return may be confused with that of carbon monoxide poisoning. /Cyanide/

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 7. Unconsciousness, followed promptly by violent convulsions, epileptiform, or tonic, sometimes localized but usually generalized. Opisthotonos and trismus may develop. Involuntary micturition and defecation occur. 8. Paralysis follows the convulsive stage. The skin is covered with sweat. The eyeballs protrude, and the pupils are dilated and unreactive. The mouth is covered with foam, which is sometimes bloodstained. ... The skin color may be brick red. Cyanosis is not prominent in spite of weak and irregular gasping. In the unconscious patient, bradycardia and the absence of cyanosis may be key diagnostic signs. 9. Death from respiratory arrest. As long as the heart beat continues, prompt and vigorous treatment offers some promise of survival. /Cyanide/

MOST SPECIFIC PATHOLOGICAL FINDING IN ACUTE CASES /OF CYANIDE POISONING/ IS BRIGHT RED COLOR OF VENOUS BLOOD. THIS IS STRIKING, VISIBLE EVIDENCE OF INABILITY OF TISSUE CELLS TO UTILIZE OXYGEN ... VENOUS BLOOD IS ONLY ABOUT 1 VOL % LOWER IN OXYGEN CONTENT THAN ARTERIAL BLOOD ... /CYANIDES/

WORKERS IN ELECTROPLATING INDUST HAVE SHOWN DERMATITIS TO BE A PROBLEM. ALSO REPORTED WERE ITCHING, SCARLET RASH, PAPULES ... IRRITATION OF NOSE, LEADING TO OBSTRUCTION, BLEEDING, SLOUGHS AND IN SOME CASES PERFORATION OF SEPTUM. /CYANIDES/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for POTASSIUM SILVER CYANIDE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

D011; A solid waste containing silver (such as potassium silver cyanide may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Silver/

P099; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when potassium silver cyanide, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

/SRP:/ D003; A solid waste containing potassium silver cyanide may become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to testing for reactivity as stipulated in 40 CFR 261.23, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Potassium silver cyanide is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs.

(ME) MAINE 140 ug/l /Cyanide/

(AZ) ARIZONA 50 ug/l /Silver/

(ME) MAINE 35 ug/l /Silver/

(MN) MINNESOTA 30 ug/l /Silver/

(WI) WISCONSIN 50 ug/l /Silver/

Used in silver plating, antiseptics, and to extract silver; [HSDB]

Electroplating [Category: Plate]

In silver plating; as bactericide

Mfr of antiseptics

POTASSIUM SILVER CYANIDE HAS BEEN USED TO EXTRACT SILVER FROM ITS ORES

Potassium silver cyanide is used in silver plating, as a bactericide, and in the manufacture of antiseptics. (L551)

Primary Metal Manufacturing

Argentate(1-), bis(cyano-.kappa.C)-, potassium (1:1): ACTIVE