銀(I)シアニド

3.95 (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

3.95 at 19 °C (referred to water at 4 °C)

3.95 @25 °C

White or grayish powder

White gray hexagonal cyrstals

0.000023 G/100 CC WATER AT 20 °C

Sol in ammonium hydroxide

Sol in alkali cyanides and boiling concn nitric acid; sparingly sol in dil ammonia, more in concn ammonia; insol in alcohol and dilute acids

Sol in sodium thiosulfate soln

Sol in potassium cyanide soln

Toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide) may be released when cyanide decomposes. /Cyanide/

Toxic gases and vapors (such as oxides of nitrogen) may be released when some sol silver cmpd decomp. /Sol silver cmpd/

When heated to decomposition ... emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen cyanide and nitrogen oxides/.

608 °F (NTP, 1992)

320 °C (decomposes)

Silver cyanide appears as a white to gray odorless tasteless powder that darkens on exposure to light. Insoluble in water. Toxic by skin absorption through open wounds, ingestion and inhalation of dust. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires.

White or grayish odorless solid; Darkens upon exposure to light; Insoluble in water; [Merck Index] Insoluble in water; Releases hydrogen cyanide upon contact with dilute hydrochloric acid; [Sullivan, p. 707]

Danger

H290 (41.4%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

P234, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P390, P391, P403+P233, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 87 reports by companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

Chemical: Silver cyanide (Ag(CN))

Hazard Traits - Neurotoxicity

REACH registered substance: Silver cyanide (EC: 208-048-6)

Silver cyanide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

· Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Cyanides (1980) EPA 440/5-80-037

Nat'l Research Council Canada; Effects of Cyanides on Aquatic Organisms with Emphasis Upon Fresh Water Fishes (1982) NRCC No.19246

DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for Cyanide (Draft) (1/88)

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Cyanide (1984) EPA 440/5-84-028

NIOSH; Criteria Document: Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts (1976) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 77-108

D011; A solid waste containing silver (such as silver cyanide) may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Silver/

P104; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when silver cyanide, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

/SRP:/ D003; A solid waste containing silver cyanide may become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to testing for reactivity as stipulated in 40 CFR 261.23, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.01 mg/cu m. /Silver, metal and soluble compounds, as Ag/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. Skin Designation. /Cyanides, as CN/

SILVER CYANIDE is very rapidly decomposed by acids giving off hydrogen cyanide, a flammable poison gas. Soluble in aqueous ammonia, dilute boiling nitric acid, aqueous potassium cyanide solution and aqueous sodium thiosulfate solutions. Subject to explosive instability or violent oxidation under certain conditions. Fusion with metal chlorates, perchlorates, nitrates, or nitrites can cause a violent explosion [Bretherick 1979 p. 101]. Fluorine and silver cyanide react with explosive violence at ordinary temperatures [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:63 1956].

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SILVER CYANIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

2.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction, as CN (0.01 mg/m3, inhalable fraction, as Ag)[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers must not be used where cyanide salts are present. /Cyanide salts/

PROTECT FROM LIGHT.

ALL CONTAINERS OF CYANIDE SALTS SHOULD BE KEPT COVERED OR IN EXHAUST HOOD WHEN NOT IN USE. /CYANIDES/

Cyanide salts as solids must be stored in sealed or tightly closed containers. No hooks should be used in handling cyanide containers. ... Storage areas must be adequately ventilated to ensure that cyanide concentrations do not exceed the recommended workplace environmental limits. /Cyanide salts/

Cyanide salts as solids or solutions must be ... protected from corrosion or damage. They should be stored so there is no contact with nitrate-nitrite mixtures or peroxides. /Cyanide salts/

... SHOULD BE STORED IN COOL, WELL-VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF DIRECT RAYS OF SUN, AWAY FROM ... FIRE HAZARD, & SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED & MONITORED. INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED ... /CYANIDES & COPPER CMPD/

WASTE CYANIDE SALTS FROM CASE HARDENING OF STEEL ARE DESTROYED BY REACTING THE SALTS AT 650-700 °C WITH WASTE FERRIC HYDROXIDE SLUDGES FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. /CYANIDE SALTS/

Spills of cyanide salts should be immediately and carefully cleaned up by shoveling the material into a proper container. Care must be exercised to minimize any dispersal of cyanide dust into the air. /Cyanide salts/

REMOVAL OF COPPER, NICKEL, ZINC, CADMIUM AND CYANIDE FROM PLATING WASTEWATER BY ELECTROFLOTATION IS DISCUSSED. /CYANIDES/

If powdered silver metal or sol silver cmpd are spilled or leaked, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. Collect spilled material in most convenient & safe manner & deposit in sealed containers for reclamation. Liquid containing silver metal or sol silver cmpd should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material. /Silver metal & sol silver cmpd/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P104; D001; D003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Poor candidate for incineration.

Cyanide salts should not be flushed into any drain which may contain or subsequently receive acid waste. ... Cyanide process waste solutions and flushings from spills should be passed through a cyanide waste disposal system. /Cyanide salts/

If material not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Do not use water on material itself.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water, or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective equipment.

PERSONS WHO WORK WITH & AROUND CYANIDE PREPN SHOULD BE GIVEN SPECIFIC DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS ON MANAGEMENT OF CYANIDE POISONING. /CYANIDES/

If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the cyanide, the person performing the operation should be informed of cyanide's hazardous properties. /Cyanides/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SILVER CYANIDE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.01 mg/cu m /Silver soluble compounds, as Ag/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Silver soluble compounds, as Ag/

Ceiling Limit: 4.7 ppm, skin /Hydrogen cyanide/

Antidotes to cyanide poisoning include hydroxocobalamin and sodium nitrite, which release the cyanide from the cytochrome system, and rhodanase, which is an enzyme occurring naturally in mammals that combines serum cyanide with thiosulfate, producing comparatively harmless thiocyanate. Oxygen therapy can also be administered. (L97)

Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. Exposure to high levels of silver for a long period of time may result in a condition called arygria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin and other body tissues. Argyria is a permanent effect but does not appear to be harmful to health. While silver itself is not toxic, most silver salts are, and may damage the liver, kidney, and central nervous system, as well as be carcinogenic. (L808, L809, L810, L96, L97)

Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. Metallic silver is oxidized and may deposit in the tissues, causing arygria. The silver ion is known to inhibit glutathione peroxidase and NA+,K+-ATPase activity, disrupting selenium-catalyzed sulfhydryl oxidation-reduction reactions and intracellular ion concentrations, respectively. Silver nanoparticles are believed to disrupt the mitochondrial respiratory chain, causing oxidative stress, reduced ATP synthesis, and DNA damage. (L808, A243, A244, A245, A246, L97)

Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. Exposure to high levels of silver for a long period of time may result in a condition called arygria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin and other body tissues. Argyria is a permanent effect but does not appear to be harmful to health. Exposure to high levels of silver in the air has resulted in breathing problems, lung and throat irritation, and stomach pains. Skin contact with silver can cause mild allergic reactions such as rash, swelling, and inflammation in some people. (L808, L96, L97)

Silver cyanide

Endocrine

1 x 10 ^-1 mg/kg-day

Initial medical examination /should include/: a complete history and physical examination ... to detect existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at incr risk & to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. ... Examination of cardiovascular, nervous, & upper resp systems, & thyroid should be stressed. The skin should be exam for evidence of chronic disorders. ... The aforementioned medical exam should be repeated on an annual basis. ... /Cyanides/

Pre-placement and periodic examinations should include the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, liver and kidney function, blood, history of fainting and dizzy spells. Blood cyanide levels may be useful during acute intoxication. Urinary thiocyanate levels have been used but are nonspecific and are elevated in smokers. /Cyanides/

Arterial Blood Gases: Arterial blood gases may be useful for monitoring of metabolic acidosis that can occur from cyanide poisoning. /Cyanide/

EKG Measurement: EKG monitoring may be useful since changes have been found with cyanide exposure. /Cyanide/

For more Medical Surveillance (Complete) data for SILVER CYANIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

MOST SPECIFIC PATHOLOGICAL FINDING IN ACUTE CASES /OF CYANIDE POISONING/ IS BRIGHT RED COLOR OF VENOUS BLOOD. THIS IS STRIKING, VISIBLE EVIDENCE OF INABILITY OF TISSUE CELLS TO UTILIZE OXYGEN ... VENOUS BLOOD IS ONLY ABOUT 1 VOL % LOWER IN OXYGEN CONTENT THAN ARTERIAL BLOOD ... /CYANIDES/

WORKERS IN ELECTROPLATING INDUST HAVE SHOWN DERMATITIS TO BE A PROBLEM. ALSO REPORTED WERE ITCHING, SCARLET RASH, PAPULES ... IRRITATION OF NOSE, LEADING TO OBSTRUCTION, BLEEDING, SLOUGHS AND IN SOME CASES PERFORATION OF SEPTUM. /CYANIDES/

... IT IS POSSIBLE FOR CYANIDE TO CAUSE BLINDNESS & TO DAMAGE OPTIC NERVES & RETINA. /CYANIDE/

A STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN TO ASSESS THE HEALTH STATUS OF WORKERS EXPOSED TO CYANIDE FUMES & AEROSOLS IN A FACTORY. CYANIDE LEVELS WERE MEASURED IN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT & IN BLOOD & URINE. SMOKERS HAD HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS THAN NON-SMOKERS. THE HIGHEST LEVELS WERE 0.8 & 0.2 MG/CU M IN BREATHING ZONE & GENERAL WORKROOM ATMOSPHERE, RESPECTIVELY. THE WORKERS COMPLAINED OF TYPICAL CYANIDE POISONING IN SPITE OF THE LOW CONCN. ... /CYANIDES/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SILVER CYANIDE (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

D011; A solid waste containing silver (such as silver cyanide) may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Silver/

P104; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when silver cyanide, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

/SRP:/ D003; A solid waste containing silver cyanide may become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to testing for reactivity as stipulated in 40 CFR 261.23, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

(AZ) ARIZONA 50 ug/l /Silver/

(ME) MAINE 35 ug/l /Silver/

(MN) MINNESOTA 30 ug/l /Silver/

(WI) WISCONSIN 50 ug/l /Silver/

CYANIDE HAS A VERY HIGH AFFINITY FOR IRON IN THE FERRIC STATE. WHEN ABSORBED /CYANIDE/ ... REACTS READILY WITH TRIVALENT IRON OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE IN MITOCHONDRIA; CELLULAR RESPIRATION IS THUS INHIBITED & CYTOTOXIC HYPOXIA RESULTS. SINCE UTILIZATION OF OXYGEN IS BLOCKED, VENOUS BLOOD IS OXYGENATED AND IS ALMOST AS BRIGHT RED AS ARTERIAL BLOOD. RESPIRATION IS STIMULATED BECAUSE CHEMORECEPTIVE CELLS RESPOND AS THEY DO TO DECREASED OXYGEN. A TRANSIENT STAGE OF CNS STIMULATION WITH HYPERPNEA AND HEADACHE IS OBSERVED; FINALLY THERE ARE HYPOXIC CONVULSIONS AND DEATH DUE TO RESPIRATORY ARREST. /CYANIDE/

SINGLE DOSES OF CYANIDE PRODUCE ALTERATIONS IN PATTERN OF BRAIN METABOLITES CONSISTENT WITH DECR IN OXIDATIVE METABOLISM & INCR IN GLYCOLYSIS. DECR IN BRAIN GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID ... HAVE BEEN ASCRIBED TO CYANIDE INHIBITION OF GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE. /CYANIDE/

THE CORTICAL GRAY MATTER, HIPPOCAMPUS (H1), CORPORA STRIATA, & SUBSTANTIA NIGRA ARE COMMONLY AFFECTED /BY CYANIDE/. ... CYANIDE ALSO HAS PROPENSITY FOR DAMAGING WHITE MATTER, PARTICULARLY CORPUS CALLOSUM. CYANIDE INHIBITS CYTOCHROME OXIDASE & PRODUCES CYTOTOXIC ANOXIA, BUT ALSO CAUSES HYPOTENSION THROUGH ITS EFFECTS ON HEART. /CYANIDE/

The cyanide forms complexes with a number of other chemicals (eg, in tissues) and has a strong affinity for cobalt. /Cyanide ion/

/CYANIDE/ ... REACTS ... WITH TRIVALENT IRON OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE IN MITOCHONDRIA TO FORM THE CYTOCHROME OXIDASE-CN COMPLEX ... THE CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE-CN COMPLEX IS DISSOCIABLE; THE MITOCHONDRIAL ENZYME SULFURTRANSFERASE ... MEDIATES TRANSFER OF SULFUR FROM THIOSULFATE TO CYANIDE ION. THUS, THIOCYANATE IS FORMED ... KINETIC STUDIES INDICATE THAT THE CLEAVAGE OF THE THIOSULFATE SULFUR-SULFUR BOND IS THE RATE-LIMITING STEP IN THIS REACTION. RELATIVELY MINOR PATHWAYS INCL COMBINATION WITH CYSTINE TO FORM 2-IMINO-THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID, OXIDATION TO CARBON DIOXIDE & FORMATE, & FORMATION OF CYANOCOBALAMIN. /CYANIDE/

... CYANIDE ION IS CONJUGATED WITH SULFUR TO FORM THIOCYANATE. ... CONJUGATION IS CATALYZED BY ... RHODANESE WHICH IS WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN MOST ANIMAL TISSUES ... /LIVER/ PARTICULARLY ACTIVE. ... RHODANESE MECHANISM IS CAPABLE OF DETOXICATING ONLY LIMITED AMT OF CYANIDE, SUCH AS ARE FORMED DURING NORMAL METAB. /ANOTHER SULFUR DONOR IS 3-MERCAPTOPYRUVATE. THE ENZYME, MERCAPTOSULFUR TRANSFERASE IS LOCALIZED IN CYTOSOL./ THIOCYANATE CONJUGATION IS TRUE DETOXICATION REACTION WHICH IS ACCOMPANIED BY 200 FOLD REDUCTION OF TOXICITY. /CYANIDE/

/ONE OF/ THE MAJOR MECHANISM/S/ FOR REMOVING CYANIDE FROM THE BODY IS ITS ENZYMATIC CONVERSION, BY THE MITOCHONDRIAL ENZYME RHODANESE (TRANSSULFURASE), TO THIOCYANATE, WHICH IS RELATIVELY ... /LESS TOXIC/. /CYANIDE/

Aliphatic nitriles have been postulated to manifest their toxicity through cyanide (CN) liberation. The signs of toxicity and effect of equitoxic LD50 doses of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic mono- and dinitriles on tissue and blood CN levels, tissue glutathione levels and cytochrome c oxidase activities were studied in rats. Signs of toxicity were classified into cholinomimetic effects observed with unsaturated nitriles and CNS effects observed with saturated potassium cyanide. Hepatic and blood CN levels 1 hr after treatment were highest following malononitrile and decreased in the order of propionitrile > potassium cyanide > butyronitrile > acrylonitrile > allylcyanide > fumaronitrile > acetonitrile. The order differed in brain where potassium cyanide preceded malononitrile and PCN. Hepatic and cytochrome c oxidase were significantly inhibited and corresponded to their CN levels. No significant inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase was observed in vitro. Acrylonitrile was the only nitrile which significantly reduced tissue GSH levels. Toxic expression of aliphatic nitriles depended on CN release and their degree of unsaturation. With unsaturated aliphatic nitriles CN release played a minimal role in their toxicity. /Cyanides/

Acute toxicity and metabolism of 7 dinitriles in mice was studied in relation to the chemical structures. The oral LD50 for each nitrile was detected under different conditions for mice pretreated with either carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or olive oil. All test nitriles were metabolized into cyanide in vivo and in vitro. The cyanide level was variable among the compounds (0.35-0.74 ug cyanide/g brain) at death in the brains of mice, the level from malononitrile and adiponitrile being comparable to that found in mice killed by dosing with potassium cyanide. After receiving each nitrile, the mean survival time of mice pretreated with CCl4 was prolonged and their brain cyanide level decreased when compared with the corresponding control. With malononitrile, the former did not significantly change and the latter decreased slightly. Brain cyanide levels of control mice at death showed a peak at the lower log P region, whereas those of CCl4 pretreated animals remained lower independently of log P, with the exception of malononitrile. Microsomal metabolism of nitriles to cyanide was greatly inhibited when microsomes were prepared from livers of mice pretreated with CCl4. The relationship between log (1/LD50-CCl4), LD50 in mice pretreated with CCl4, and log P fits a parabolic plot. /Cyanides/

Cyanide is rapidly alsorbed through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. Silver compounds can also be absorbed orally and dermally. It distributes throughout the body in the blood, particularily to the liver. Insoluble silver salts are transformed into soluble silver sulfide albuminates, bind to amino or carboxyl groups in RNA, DNA, and proteins, or are reduced to metallic silver by ascorbic acid or catecholamines. Metallic silver is oxidized and may deposit in the tissues, causing arygria. Silver is eliminated primarily in the faeces. (L808, L96)

THE CYANIDE ION IS READILY ABSORBED AFTER ORAL OR PARENTERAL ADMIN. PROLONGED LOCAL CONTACT WITH CYANIDE SOLN ... MAY RESULT IN ABSORPTION OF TOXIC AMT THROUGH SKIN. PART OF ABSORBED CYANIDE IS EXCRETED UNCHANGED BY LUNG. LARGER PORTION ... IS CONVERTED BY ... SULFURTRANSFERASE TO ... RELATIVELY NONTOXIC THIOCYANATE ION. /CYANIDE ION/

Cyanide is distributed to all organs and tissues via the blood, where its concn in red cells is greater than that in plasma by a factor of two or three. Presumably, the accumulation of cyanide in erythrocytes is a reflection of its binding to methemoglobin. /Cyanide/

All forms of silver are extremely cumulative once they enter body tissues, and very little is excreted. /Silver & cmpd/

CYANIDES ARE RAPIDLY ABSORBED FROM SKIN & ALL MUCOSAL SURFACES & ARE MOST DANGEROUS WHEN INHALED, BECAUSE TOXIC AMT ARE ABSORBED THROUGH BRONCHIAL MUCOSA & ALVEOLI. /CYANIDES/

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for SILVER CYANIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Used for silver plating; [Merck Index] Used in analytical chemistry; [Ullmann]

Electroplating [Category: Plate]

For silver plating; formerly used for extemporaneous prepn of dil hydrocyanic acid by treatment with hydrogen cyanide.

Silver cyanide (Ag(CN)): ACTIVE

IN GALVANIC SILVER BATHS, THE SILVER OCCURS AS A COMPLEX ALKALI SILVER CYANIDE, WHICH IS PRECIPITATED WHEN TREATED WITH NITRIC ACID.

The process /for determining the hydrocyanic acid content in medical hydrocyanic acid, in bitter almond, and in spurge juices/ involves precipitation of silver cyanide with silver nitrate and a silver solution containing 0.5 g of metallic silver in 100 cu cm solution.