ピリジン
ピリジン [アミノ酸配列分析用] · アジン · アザベンゼン · ピリジン(脱水) · ピリジン(脱水) ‐SUPER‐ · ピリジン, ACROSEALR · ピリジン ACS REAGENT,≥99.0% · ピリジン PURISS. P.A.,ACS REAGENT,REAG. PH. EUR.,≥99.5% (GC)
識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 110-86-1 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | C5H5N |
| 平均分子量 | 79.1 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 79.04219916 g/mol |
| SMILES | c1ccncc1 |
| InChIKey | JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 1049 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL266158 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:16227 |
| EC No. | 203-809-9 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID9021924 |
| 現地名 | ピリジン |
化学・物理的性質
| XLogP | 0.7 |
|---|---|
| 極性表面積 | 12.9 |
| 水素結合供与体数 | 0 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 1 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 0 |
| 重原子数 | 6 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 30.9 |
| 物質分類 | Nitrogen Compounds -> PyridinesFlammable agents - 3rd degree |
| pH | 8.5 (0.2 molar soln in water)8.81 (H2O, 20℃) |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum |
| 香料 | Fragrance Ingredient (Pyridine) -> IFRA transparency List |
| 農薬 | Pesticide -> EPA IRIS |
| LogP（分配係数） | log Kow = 0.65 |
| 臭い | Sharp, nauseatingBurnt, sickeningNauseating fish-like odor.0.23～1.9ppm（平均＝0.66ppm）で嫌な臭いを検出 |
| 味 | AMINE TASTE |
| 食品添加物 | FLAVOR ENHANCER, FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT -> FDA Substance added to food |
| 密度 | 0.983 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than waterwill float0.98272 @ 20 °C/4 °CRelative density (water = 1): 0.980.9827 @ 20°C0.978 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Color/Form | Colorless to yellow liquid. |
| 溶解度 | greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 70.7 °F (NTP, 1992)Miscible with water @ 20 °CMiscible with ... alcohol, ether, and petroleum ether, oils and many organic liquids.1000.0 mg/mLSolubility in water: freely solubleH2O: 準拠混和性 |
| 融点 | -42 °C (lit.) |
| 沸点 | 115 °C (lit.) |
| 蒸気密度 | 2.72 (vs air) |
| 蒸気圧 | 23.8 mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
| 屈折率 | n20/D 1.509(lit.) |
| FEMA | 2966 | PYRIDINE |
| 引火点 | 68 °F |
| 貯蔵条件 | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| 外観・状態 | 液体 |
| pKa（酸解離定数） | 5.25(at 25℃) |
| 色 | 無色 |
| 爆発限界 | 12.4% |
| 臭気閾値 | 0.063ppm |
| においのタイプ | 魚の臭いがします |
| 由来生物 | synthetic |
| 凝固点 | -42℃ |
| 比熱容量 | Cp(liquid): 1.68 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Merck | 14,7970 |
| BRN | 103233 |
| ヘンリー定数 | 18.4 at 30 °C (headspace-GC, Chaintreau et al., 1995) |
| 誘電率 | 12.5(20℃) |
| 安定性 | 安定。可燃性。強酸化剤、強酸とは相容れない。 |
| InChI | 1S/C5H5N/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-5H |
| InChIKey | JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | C1=CN=CC=C1 |
| LogP（分配係数） | 0.64 at 20℃ |
| 表面張力 | 38mN/m at 20°C |
| CAS データベース | 110-86-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NISTの化学物質情報 | Pyridine(110-86-1) |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | Pyridine (110-86-1) |
化学的特性
ピリジンは有機化合物であり分子式はC5H5Nと表されます無色で特有の臭いがあり水や多くの有機溶剤に溶けやすい特性を持っていますベンゼンと構造的に似ているためしばしばベンゼン環の窒素アナログとして言及されますしかしピリジンの化学的性質はベンゼンとは異なりこの違いはピリジン環に含まれる窒素原子に起因します
化学的特性
Pyridine is a weak base (pKa= 5.25); a 0.2 M solution has a pH of 8.5 (HSDB 1988). Its carbon atoms are deactivated towards electrophilic substitution. This is especially true in acidic media, where salts form at the nitrogen. It does, however, readily undergo nucleophilic substitution, preferentially at the C-2 and also at the C-4 position (Jori et al 1983). Being a tertiary amine, pyridine reacts with alkylating agents to form quaternary salts (Santodonato et al 1985). Because of its reduced capacity to donate electrons, it is more resistant to oxidation than benzene. Oxidation with peroxy acids forms pyridine N-oxide which is then capable of undergoing electrophilic substitution (Jori et al 1983). Pyridine reacts violently with a number of compounds, including nitric acid, sulfuric acid, maleic anhydride, perchromate, beta-propiolactone and chlorosulfonic acid. Thermal decomposition can liberate cyanides (Gehring 1983). Both the pyridinium ion and pyridine itself are readily reduced to the commercially important compound, piperidine (Jori et al 1983).
化学性质
淡黄色あるいは色の液体，特異臭がある．弱アルカリ性を示す
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | DangerH225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.1% (3 of 2399) of reports.H225 (99.8%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids] |
|---|---|
| 規制情報 | Chemical: PyridineHazard Traits - CarcinogenicityNeurotoxicityPyridine is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Pyridine are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 05-01-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13681Pyridine: HSNO Approval: HSR001079 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| その他の安全情報 | IMAP assessments - Pyridine: Environment tier I assessment |
| 輸送ラベル（DOT） | Flammable Liquid |
| 火災危険 | Behavior in Fire: Vapor is heavier than air and may travel considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back. (USCG, 1999)· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.Highly flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive. |
| 火災の可能性 | Pyridine is a flammable ... liquid.Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. |
| 健康有害性 | Vapor irritates eyes and nose. Liquid irritates skin and is absorbed through the skin. Overexposure causes nausea, headache, nervous symptoms, increased urinary frequency. (USCG, 1999)· May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. |
| 有害性の概要 | Pyridine is a colorless liquid with an unpleasant smell. It can be made from crude coal tar or from other chemicals. Pyridine is used to dissolve other substances. It is also used to make many different products such as medicines, vitamins, food flavorings, paints, dyes, rubber products, adhesives, insecticides, and herbicides. Pyridine can also be formed from the breakdown of many natural materials in the environment.Liquid causes first degree burns on short exposure. [CHRIS] In rat studies, pyridine produces anesthesia after inhalation of high concentrations and liver injury after sub-chronic feeding. The liver and kidneys are target organs in animal results. Workers avoid exposure because of its foul odor. Workers exposed to 125 ppm complained of transient nausea, headache, low back and abdominal discomfort, and urinary frequency without evidence of liver or kidney injury. [ACGIH] Allergic contact dermatitis reported in a laboratory technician[Kanerva, p. 1831] An irritant and potential CNS depressantMay have effects on the liver and kidneys[ICSC] |
| 輸送番号・ガイド（DOT） | 1282 129 |
| FDA 要件 | Pyridine is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part. |
| 反応性グループ | Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines |
| UN 分類 | UN Hazard Class: 3UN Pack Group: II |
| Special Reports | Scientific Literature Review of Pyridine and Related Substances in Flavor Usage (GRA & I)1 (6): 198 (1985). This scientific literature review includes specifications, safety data, poundage data, natural occurrence information, chemical identities and other data on pyridine ... .Santodonato JMonograph on Human Exposure to Chemicals in the Workplace: Pyridine, GRA & I 7: 35 (1986). The report presents a summary and evaluation of information relevant to an occupational hazard assessment of the pyridine.Fodor GB, Colasanti BAlkaloids: Chem Biol Perspect 3: 1-90 (1985). A review with 431 refs. Review alkaloid chemistry and pharmacology.Jori A et alEcotoxicol Environ Saf 7 (3): 251-75 (1983). A review with several refs on the ecotoxicologic profile of pyridine.For more Special Reports (Complete) data for PYRIDINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 消火 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:Use alcohol-resistant foam, water spray, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. |
| 応急処置措置 | Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention . |
| 漏出応急措置 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| 応急処置 | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.General First Aid:(General first aid procedures) |
| 安全保管 | Store only in original container. Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids. Cool. Dry. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
| 暴露管理・個人防護 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
| 消火手順 | Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.If material is on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical. |
| 保管条件 | OUTSIDE OR DETACHED STORAGE IS PREFERABLE. ISOLATE FROM POWERFUL OXIDIZING MATERIALS AND ACIDS.Mixtures with formamide + iodine + sulfur trioxide are storage hazards, releasing carbon dioxide & sulfuric acid. |
| 清掃方法 | 1. REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 3. FOR SMALL QUANTITIES, ABSORB ON PAPER TOWELS, EVAPORATE IN SAFE PLACE (SUCH AS FUME HOOD). ALLOW SUFFICIENT TIME FOR EVAPORATING VAPORS TO COMPLETELY CLEAR HOOD DUCTWORK. BURN PAPER IN SUITABLE LOCATION AWAY FROM COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL. 3. LARGE QUANTITIES CAN BE COLLECTED & ATOMIZED IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. PYRIDINE SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO ENTER CONFINED SPACE, SUCH AS SEWER, BECAUSE OF POSSIBILITY OF EXPLOSION.Biological treatment of wastewater for the removal of pyridine.Removal of pyridine from waste gases by adsorption.Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, protect personnel, and dilute spills to form nonflammable mixtures. Control run-off and isolate discharged materials for proper disposal. |
| 非火災時の漏出対応 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: |
| 処分方法 | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U196, F005, and D038 must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for Pyridine: Concentration process: Activated carbon.Controlled incineration whereby nitrogen oxides are removed from the effluent gas by scrubber, catalytic or thermal devices. Recommendable method: Incineration. Not recommendable methods: Evaporation & landfill.For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for PYRIDINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 漏出処分 | Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Remove all ignition sources. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable air tight containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| 毒性学的情報 | CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile |
| 体内負荷 | In a heterogenous, nonsmoking population of 62 subjects, pyridine was a common constituent in the expired air of the 14 prediabetic subjects(1). |
| 標的器官 | Dermal (Skin), Hepatic (Liver), Neurological (Nervous System), Ocular (Eyes), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys)Eyes, skin, central nervous system, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract |
| 生態毒性値 | LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 106 mg/l/96 hr, flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 24.1 °C, dissolved oxygen 7.4 mg/l, hardness 47.4 mg/l CaCO3, alkalinity 240 mg/l CaCO3, and pH 7.73.EC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) <106 mg/l/96 hr, flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 24.1 °C, dissolved oxygen 7.4 mg/l, hardness 47.4 mg/l CaCO3, alkalinity 240 mg/l CaCO3, and pH 7.73. Effect: loss of equilibrium.LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 93.8 mg /l/96 hr (confidence limit= 85.5-103 mg/l), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 25.0 °C, dissolved oxygen 7.3 mg/l, hardness 48.5 mg/l CaCO3, alkalinity 77.3 mg/l CaCO3, and pH 7.75.EC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 85.6 mg/l/96 hr (confidence limit= 82.0-89.3 mg/l), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 25.0 °C, dissolved oxygen 7.3 mg/l, hardness 48.5 mg/l CaCO3, alkalinity 77.3 mg/l CaCO3, and pH 7.75. Effect: loss of equilibrium.For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for PYRIDINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 環境中動態 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 50(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.65(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that pyridine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Pyridine has a pKa of 5.23(4), which indicates that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in moist acidic soils, and cations adsorb more strongly to soils than neutral molecules. Therefore, the mobility of pyridine is expected to be much lower in acidic soils than in neutral or alkaline soil(SRC). Volatilization of the neutral species of pyridine from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(5)however, the protonated form will not volatilize(SRC). The potential for volatilization of pyridine from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 20.8 mm Hg(6). In a series of biodegradation tests using a soil suspension, pyridine was completely biodegraded under aerobic conditions within 66-170 days(7). Under anaerobic conditions, biodegradation was complete in 32-66 days(7).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 50(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.65(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that pyridine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 and 25 days, respectively(SRC). The pKa of pyridine is 5.23(5), indicating this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in acidic waters and cations do not volatilize(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF of 88 measured in guppies(7), suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). The biodegradation rate constant for pyridine in water was 0.0033 - 0.018 per hour which corresponds to half-lives of 39-210 hours(8). Pyridine was completely degraded in about 8 days in a river die-away test(9). Other studies have shown that pyridine is recalcitrant in sediment and water under anaerobic conditions(10-12).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), pyridine, which has a vapor pressure of 20.8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase pyridine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 43 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.7X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). |
| 食品調査値 | Pyridine has been identified as a volatile flavor compound in fried bacon(1) and boiled beef(2). It is also a volatile component of Beaufort cheese, a Gruyere type cheese manufactured in a limited area of the French Alps(3). Pyridine has been identified as a volatile flavor components of fried chicken(4), roasted barely(5), mango(7), roasted coffee(6,8), canned sweet corn(9), short-necked clam and corbicula(10), sukiyaki(11), and kiwi fruit flowers(12). Pyridine was detected in soybeans at concns of 88.9-264.9 ug/kg(13). |
| 有害作用 | Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin |
| 暴露経路 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact |
| Plant Concentrations | REPORTED FOUND IN WOOD OIL, LEAVES, & ROOTS OF ATROPA BELLADONNA, & IN OTHER PLANTS (COFFEE, TOBACCO). |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Shortness of breath. Unconsciousness.MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Burning sensation. Further see Inhalation.Redness. Pain.Cough. Sore throat. Further see Inhalation.irritation eyesheadache, anxiety, dizziness, insomnianausea, anorexiadermatitisliver, kidney damage |
| Ongoing Test Status | The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=110-86-1] |
| Effluent Concentrations | In a survey of industrial effluents, pyridine was identified in discharges of the following industries timber products (1,032 ppb), paint and ink (2 ppb), ore mining (4 ppb), inorganic chemicals (137 ppb), pharmaceuticals (156 ppb), organic chemicals (160 ppb), publicly owned treatment works (77 ppb)(1). Pyridine was identified, not quantified, in the effluents from an advanced water treatment facility in Orange County, CA(2). Waste water from coal gasification contained an estimated 4.62 ppm of pyridine(3). Pyridine was identified, not quantified, in waste incineration stack emissions(4) and coal derived oil(5). Pyridine has also been detected in active compost blower exhaust at 47 ug/cu m(6). Pyridine was detected in waste ammonia liquor from low temperature carbonization wastewater at an average concentration of 20 mg/l(7). |
| RCRA 要件 | U196As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when pyridine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).D038A solid waste containing pyridine may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.F005When pyridine is a spent solvent, it is classified as a hazardous waste from a nonspecific source (F005), as stated in 40 CFR 261.31, and must be managed according to State and/or Federal hazardous waste regulations. |
| TSCA 要件 | Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Pyridine is included on this list. |
| 大気基準 | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Pyridine is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. |
| CERCLA 報告数量 | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
| 州飲料水ガイドライン | (WI) WISCONSIN 10 ug/l(FL) FLORIDA 7 ug/l |
| F | 3-10 |
| 職業暴露区分（OEB） | A |
| 職業暴露限界（OEL） | TWA: 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) |
| 水環境危害等級（WGK） | 2 |
| 生命健康即時危険濃度 | 1,000 ppm |
| TSCA 収載状態 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 番号 | UR8400000 |
| 輸送番号（UN） | UN 1282 |
| 毒性 | LD50 orally in rats: 1.58 g/kg (Smyth) |
| PRTR法 | 第一種指定化学物質 |
| 税関コード | 2933 31 00 |
| 危険文句（R） | 11-20/21/22-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-52-36/38 |
| 化審法 | (5)-710 |
| 安衛法 | 57,57-2 |
| 消防法 | 危-4-1-II |
| 危険表示 | T,N,F,Xn |
| hazard_note | Highly Flammable/Harmful |
| 安全措置（S） | 36/37/39-38-45-61-28A-26-28-24/25-22-36/37-16-7 |
| 危険等級 | 3Acute Tox. 4 DermalAcute Tox. 4 InhalationAcute Tox. 4 OralEye Irrit. 2Flam. Liq. 2Skin Irrit. 2 |
| 包装等級 | II |
| 自然発火温度 | 482 °C |
| 環境リスク評価 | ピリジン(110-86-1) |
| 貯蔵分類 | 3 - Flammable liquids |
| 有害物質データ | 110-86-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
用途
解説
ピリジン．アザベンゼンともいう．コールタール中に，その多数の同族体とともに，0.2％ 前後含まれている．骨油，タバコの煙のなかにも少量含まれる．無色，特有の臭いと苦味をもつ液体．融点－42 ℃，沸点115.5 ℃．d250.9779．nD201.5102．きわめて弱い塩基で，強酸と塩をつくる．pKa 5.19(25 ℃，水溶液)．吸湿性で水，エタノール，エーテル，そのほかの有機溶媒に易溶，また多くの有機化合物をよく溶かす．芳香族性をもつ安定な化合物で，硝酸や酸化クロム(Ⅵ)によって酸化されない．求電子置換はベンゼンの場合より起こりにくく，非常にはげしい条件でニトロ化，スルホン化，およびハロゲン置換を受ける．置換反応は主として3位(β位)で起こる．過酸化水素または過酸で酸化すればN-オキシドを生じる．ナトリウムアマルガムで還元すると飽和化合物としてピペリジンを生じる．第三級アミンの性質をもち，ハロゲン化アルキル(RX)を作用させるとハロゲン化アルキルピリジニウム[C5H5NR]＋ X－を生じるが，それを高温に熱すればアルキル基が2位または4位に転移する．ピリジンは求核置換を受けやすい．たとえば，アルキルリチウムまたはアリールリチウムを作用させると，2位にアルキルまたはアリール置換が起こる．同族体の合成には，ハンチ法やチチバビン法がある．ピリジンは化学工業において，塩基性溶剤として重要である(ゴム，塗料工業)．中枢神経を抑制し，皮膚および気管を刺激する．LD50 891 mg/kg(ラット，経口)．
用途
医薬反応溶媒、無水金属塩の溶剤、界面活性剤原料、有機合成原料、抗菌剤ジンクピリチオン等の原料、医薬品合成溶剤、飼料添加剤原料、加硫促進剤原料、アルコール変性剤
用途
溶剤、有機合成原料(医薬、界面活性剤、加硫促進剤、エタノールの変性。
用途
分析用溶媒、有機合成用原料(医薬等)。
用途
アミノ酸配列分析用溶媒。
天然物の起源
Pyridine was discovered by Anderson in coal tar in 1846 (Windholz et al 1983). It is found in tobacco smoke (Vohl and Eulenberg 1871; Lehmann 1909) and roasted coffee (Bertrand and Weisweiller 1913). Pyridine is found in wood oil and in the leaves and roots of Atropa belladonna (HSDB 1988), and is also a component of creosote oil (Krone et al 1986). In nature, pyridine and its derivatives are commonly found as components of alkaloids, vitamins, and coenzymes.
使用
Pyridine is used directly in the denaturation of alcohol (ACGIH 1986; HSDB 1989; NSC 1978) and as a solvent in paint and rubber preparation (ACGIH 1986; HSDB 1989; NSC 1978) and in research laboratories for functions such as extracting plant hormones (Santodonato et al. 1985). Half of the pyridine produced today is used as an intermediate in making various insecticides and herbicides for agricultural applications (ACGIH 1986; Harper et al. 1985; Santodonato et al. 1985). Approximately 20% goes into the production of piperidine (Harper et al. 1985; Santodonato et al. 1985) which is commercially significant in the preparation of chemicals used in rubber vulcanization and agriculture (NSC 1978). Pyridine is also used as an intermediate in the preparation of drugs (antihistamines, steroids, sulfa-type and other antibacterial agents) dyes, water repellents, and polycarbonate resins (ACGIH 1986; Harper et al. 1985; NSC 1978; Santodonato et al. 1985). Pyridine is also approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a flavoring agent in the preparation of foods (Harper et al. 1985; HSDB 1989) .
一般的な説明
A clear colorless to light yellow liquid with a penetrating nauseating odor. Density 0.978 g / cm3. Flash point 68°F. Vapors are heavier than air. Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Combustion produces toxic oxides of nitrogen.
使用用途
ピリジンの主な使用用途には以下の例があります。 1. 求核剤 ピリジンの窒素原子には孤立電子対が存在するため、ピリジンは弱塩基性を示します。そのためピリジンは溶媒としてだけではなく求核剤としても利用することが可能です。 例として、を用いたアルコールのアセチル化が挙げられます。溶剤としてピリジンを用いることで、ピリジンが無水酢酸のカルボキシ基に求核攻撃します。その結果、酢酸イオンが脱離するとともに、求電子活性種であるN－アセチルピリジニウムイオンが発生します。これにより、アルコールの求核攻撃が促進され、円滑にアセチル化が進行します。 2. 医薬品原料 ピリジンは医薬品原料にも用いられます。例えば抗菌剤であるジンクピリチオンの原料として利用されており、塗料やシャンプーなどに混ぜ合わせることで防汚剤や殺菌剤として機能します。 他にも、鎮痛剤や無水金属塩の溶剤・反応媒介剤、医薬品原料、界面活性剤、飼料添加剤の原料、合成ゴムの加硫促進剤の原料などとして使われています。
製法・合成法
製造方法
Pyridine is produced either by isolation from natural sources such as coal, or through chemical synthesis (HSDB 1989). Pyridine is produced by the fractional distillation of coal-tar residues (HSDB 1989; NSC 1978; Santodonato et al. 1985) in which 1 ton of coal produces 0.07-0.21 pounds of pyridine bases of which 57% is pyridine (Santodonato et al, 1985). Synthetically produced pyridine is currently the more important source of pyridine for commercial uses (Santodonato et al. 1985). Small amounts of pyridine are synthesized from acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and ammonia with a fluidized silica-alumina catalyst, followed by fractionation to isolate the pyridine (Harper et al. 1985; HSDB 1989; NSC 1978). Pyridine is produced from natural sources by Crowley Tar Products of Stow, Ohio, and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (Harper et al. 1985; HSDB 1989; SRI 1986, 1987, 1988). Pyridine is synthetically produced by two companies, the Nepera Chemical Co. of Harriman, New York and the Reilly Tar and Chemical Corporation of Indianapolis, Indiana (Harper et al. 1985; SRI 1986, 1987, 1988).
調製方法
Pyridine is produced from the gases obtained by the coking of coal and by direct synthesis. The light-oil fraction of coal tar is treated with sulfuric acid to produce water-soluble pyridine salts and then the pyridine bases are recovered from the aqueous phase by sodium hydroxide or ammonia (Jori et al 1983). The majority of U.S. production is through synthetic means. This process uses a vapor-phase reaction of acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and ammonia, which yields a mixture of pyridine and 3-methylpyridine (Santodonato et al 1985). The product ratio depends on the relative amounts of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. Added methanol increases the yield. The U.S. production of pyridine was estimated at 32 to 47 million pounds in 1975 (Reinhardt and Brittelli 1981). Pyridine is commercially available in technical, 2° and 1° grades, the latter two referring to their boiling ranges. Major impurities are higher boiling homologues, such as picolines, lutidines and collidines, which are mono-, di-, and trimethylpyridines (Santodonato et al 1985; Jori et al 1983).
合成方法
タールからの分留，アルデヒド（アセトアルデヒドとホルムアルデヒド）とアンモニアを触媒存在下400?500℃で気相反応