1-Chloropropane

Other Classes -> Halogenated Aliphatics, Saturated

Flammable agents - 3rd degree

log Kow = 2.04

2.04

0.892 (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8899 g/cu cm

In water, 2720 mg/L at 25 °C

Miscible with ethanol, ether; soluble in benzene, chloroform

0 °F (USCG, 1999)

-17.7 °C

< 0 °F (< -18 °C) (CLOSED CUP)

115 to 117 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

46.60 °C

-189 °F (USCG, 1999)

-122.8 °C

Liquid Molar Volume = 0.088777 cu m/kmol; Ideal Gas Heat of Formation = -1.3318X10+8 J/kmol; Heat of Fusion at melting point = 5.5440X10+6 J/kmol

345.0 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure = 1 mm Hg at 68.3 °C

344.4 mm Hg at 25 °C

Danger

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Propane, 1-chloro-

Status: Active Update: 18-05-2017 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/19672

1-Chloropropane: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors and toxic gases, such as hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide, may be formed when involved in fire.

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

Exposure can cause irritation of eyes, nose and throat. May cause nausea, headache, and vomiting. High concentrations may have a narcotic effect. (USCG, 1999)

· May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin.

· May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin.

Flammable liquid; [Hawley] Irritant and CNS depressant; External application to rabbit eyes scored 2 on a scale of 1-10 (10 being most severe) for degree of injury after 24 hours; Observations in 4-day inhalation study with rats include minor alveolar hemorrhage and focal necrosis of the liver; Emergency medical treatment: see Ethyl chloride. [HSDB] An eye, nose, and throat irritant; May cause CNS depression in high concentrations; [CAMEO]

1278 129

1278 129

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1-Chloropropane is included on this list. Effective date: 6/1/87; Sunset date: 12/19/95.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Propyl chloride is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Get medical attention.

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Special protective equipment for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Keep away from heat/sparks/open flame/hot surface. No smoking.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Personal precautions: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist. Use explosion-proof equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

Immediate precautionary measure

Full impervious protective clothing, including boots and gloves. Where splashing is possible wear full face shield or chemical safety goggles. Use approved respirator to protect against vapors. (USCG, 1999)

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type AXBEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU). Hand protection: Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. Full contact Material: Fluorinated rubber (Minimum layer thickness: 0.7 mm Break through time: 480 min). Splash contact Material: Fluorinated rubber (Minimum layer thickness: 0.7 mm Break through time: 480 min). Eye protection: Face shield and safety glasses Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU). Skin and body protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals, Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-chloropropane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-chloropropane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.013 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from a vapor pressure of 344 mm Hg(3) and water solubility of 2720 mg/L(4). 1-Chloropropane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure(SRC). Based on limited data, 1-chloropropane may be resistant to aerobic biodegradation in soil; using a sewage inoculum, 1.9% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 24 hours(5). Anaerobic dehalogenation has been shown to occur in anaerobic sediment studies(6). Some abiotic hydrolysis may occur in wet soils based on a measured hydrolysis half-life of 0.8 years in water at 25 °C(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-chloropropane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.013 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from a vapor pressure of 344 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 2720 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.7 hours and 3.5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 10(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.04(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on limited data, 1-chloropropane may be resistant to aerobic biodegradation in soil; using a sewage inoculum, 1.9% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 24 hours(8). Anaerobic dehalogenation has been shown to occur in anaerobic sediment studies(9). 1-Chloropropane has a measured hydrolysis half-life of 0.8 years in water at 25 °C(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-chloropropane, which has a measured vapor pressure of 344 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-chloropropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.12X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1-chloropropane can be estimated to be 40(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-chloropropane is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

1-Chloropropane (CAS# 540-54-5) was evaluated for acute oral toxicity. The test substance was administered to guinea pigs (sex and number not provided) at a dose level of 1.0 g/kg or 3.0 g/kg, which caused 100% survival and mortality, respectively. No further information was provided.

1-Chloropropane (CAS# 540-54-5) was evaluated for dermal irritation. The test substance was applied repeatedly to the ear and belly of a rabbit (sex and number not provided) which resulted in slight irritation at both sites. No further information was provided.

1-Chloropropane's production and use as a chemical intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Commercial allyl chloride is at least 97.5 wt% pure and contains 1-chloropropane as an impurity(2); therefore, production and use of allyl chloride may result in release of 1-chloropropane to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 1-Chloropropane is formed through anaerobic biodegradation of 1,2-dichloropropane(3) which may be an environmental source of 1-chloropropane(SRC).

AEROBIC: 1-Chloropropane, incubated in sewage from the Hilliard treatment plant, reached 0.7, 0.8, and 1.9% of the theoretical oxygen demand in 6, 12, and 24 hours(1).

ANAEROBIC: 1-Chloropropane was observed to undergo reductive dehalogenation in anaerobic sediment studies(1). 1-Chloropropane was identified as a reductive dehalogenation product from the anaerobic biodegradation of 1,2-dichloropropane(2).

PURE CULTURE: Pure cultures of Ancylobacter aquaticus(1), Corynebacterium sp.(2), Alcaligenes faecalis(3), and Xanthobacter autotrophicus(4) have been shown to degrade 1-chloropropane; degradation is believed to proceed initially by dehalogenation(1,4).

An estimated BCF of 10 was calculated in fish for 1-chloropropane(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 2.04(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1-chloropropane is estimated as 0.013 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 344 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 2720 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-chloropropane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 2.7 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3.5 days(SRC). 1-Chloropropane's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is likely to occur(SRC). 1-Chloropropane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure(SRC).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Rats /were exposed/ to 1.7 mmol/liter (40,000 ppm) 1 hr/day for 4 days and ... the livers and lungs /were examined/. Slight alveolar hemorrhage and "significant" focal necrosis of the liver were observed. This concentration was reported to be anesthetic in mice.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ 1-Chloropropane rated 2 on rabbit eyes. The compound was tested externally on the eyes of rabbits, and, according to the degree of injury observed after 24 hours, rated on a scale of 1 to 10. The most severely injurious substances have been rated 10.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-chloropropane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 1.12X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 15 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The neutral aqueous hydrolysis half-life of 1-chloropropane at 25 °C was experimentally determined to be 0.8 years(2); the base-catalyzed half-life at 25 °C was too slow to be measured(3).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1-Chloropropane is included on this list. Effective date: 6/1/87; Sunset date: 12/19/95.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Propyl chloride is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

... Hydroxypropylmercapturic acid /was found/ in the urine of rats injected subcutaneously with a 40% wt/vol solution of 1-chloropropane in arachis oil. ... Hepatic microsomes from phenobarbital induced rats produced a variety of metabolites: propene, 1,2-epoxypropane, 1,2-propandiol, propienic acid, and an unidentified species bound to protein.

Used as a chemical intermediate for n-Propylamine; Has been studied for use as an anesthetic and parasiticidal drug; [HSDB]

No known current commercial production in the US; [HSDB]

Used as an intermediate in the production of the sweetner sodium 2-(4-methoxybenzoyl) benzoate (known as 23/46) for food and beverages, but had limited applicability.

CHEM INT FOR N-PROPYLAMINE (FORMER USE)

(1977) 4.5X10+8 G MIN-PROBABLY AS A BYPRODUCT

(1981) NO EVIDENCE OF COMMERCIAL PRODN IN U.S.

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule.[Table#5497]

Prepared from propyl alcohol and PCl3 in the presence of ZnCl2.

By reaction of n-propyl alcohol with hydrochloric acid in the presence of zinc chloride as a catalyst; believed to be a byproduct of the manufacture of other chlorinated C3 hydrocarbons

Propane, 1-chloro-: ACTIVE

1-Chloropropane can be formed as an impurity in the production of allyl chloride and during the chlorination of allyl chloride

Propyl chloride has found little use in industry. It has been studied as an anesthetic and antiparasiticide.