1,1-Dichloropropene

90.8 [mmHg]

24 mm Hg at 25 °C

Dichloropropenes is a colorless liquids. Insoluble in water. Used as soil fumigants and in organic synthesis.

Clear faintly yellow liquid; [MSDSonline]

642；643.2；646.6；643.5

655

876.6

Danger

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]；H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]；H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P303+P361+P353, P321, P330, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:；HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids will float on water. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:；May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation, especially when in closed or confined areas. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination. (ERG, 2024)

DHHS/NTP; Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Telone II ((Technical-Grade 1,3-Dichlorpropene Containing 1.0% Epichlorhydrin as a Stabilizer) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) Report #269 (1985) NIH Pub# 85-2525

Dangerous Prop Ind Mater Rep 6 (4): 63-70 (1986). Reviews dichloropropene safety, toxicology and health hazards.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1-Propene, dichloro- is included on this list.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Dichloropropene is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Dichloropropenes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Dichloropropenes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Dichloropropenes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Dichloropropenes/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DICHLOROPROPENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:；CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.；SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).；LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:；Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: Wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. (ERG, 2024)

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not entinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, sawdust, or commercial sorbents. Apply fluorocarbon-water foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Environmental considerations: Air spills: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Combustion products include corrosive or toxic vapors.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:；ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.；LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:；IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.；LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).；FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

10 [mg/m3]

66 [mg/m3]

400 [mg/m3]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:；Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Wear boots, appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles.

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

Chemical Protective Clothing Material Vendor Ratings: "Fair" or "poor" ratings were given by less than three vendors. "Good" and "fair" ratings, with "fair" predominating, were given by several vendors for butyl, natural rubber, neoprene and nitrile materials used in occupational exposure to dichloropropenes.

Following oral exposure, administer charcoal as a slurry. Monitor liver and kidney function; elevations may not be seen for several days. Following eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. Following inhalation, move patient to fresh air, even though initial symptoms and signs are mild; keep the victim quiet, in a semi-reclining position. Minimum physical activity limits the likehood of pulmonary edema. If victim is not breathing, clear the airway of secretions and resuscitate with positive pressure oxygen apparatus. If this is not available, use chest compression to sustain respiration. (T36, A568)

Ingestion of 1,1-D can lead to developed gastrointestinal distress, adult respiratory distress syndrome, hematological and hepatorenal functional impairment, acute gastrointestinal distress with pulmonary congestion and edema, central nervous depression, perhaps even in the absence of impaired oxygen uptake. Moreover, this can lead to death. Coma may occur rapidly after inhalation. Severe skin irritation with marked inflammatory response of epidermis can underlying tissues can follow dermal exposure. By any route, possible late injuries to liver, kidneys and heart (T48).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 59(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 2,700 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dichloropropene is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dichloropropene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). The potential for volatilization of dichloropropene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 24 mm Hg(5). The biochemical half-life for the pesticide dichloropropene in soil has been reported to be 16 days(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 68(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 2,700 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dichloropropene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces may occur(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 24 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2,700 mg/l(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 and 101 hours, respectively(SRC). Using distilled river water, a hydrolysis half-life of 11 days at a temperature range of 15 to 25 °C has been reported for the pesticide formulation(7). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 18(SRC), from an estimated log Kow 2.53(SRC) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dichloropropene, which has a vapor pressure of 24 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dichloropropene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Dichloropropene is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm).

Dichloropropene was detected in one of eight human mother's milk samples at an unreported concentration(1). Dichloropropene was detected at a maximum concentration of 160 ug/cu m and a mean concentration of 24 ug/cu m at 4 different sweet potato/sugar beet crop sites in California(2).

IDENTIFICATION: The technical mixture of dichloropropenes and dichloropropane is a clear amber liquid with a pungent odor. It is soluble in halogenated solvents, esters, and ketones. It was widely used as a soil nematocide before planting. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Dichloropropane-Dichloropropene mixture is no longer widely used and, thus, exposure of the general population via air, water, and food is unlikely. One case of acute fatal poisoning has been reported following accidental ingestion. Several cases of contact dermatitis and skin sensitization have been reported. ANIMAL STUDIES: The acute toxicity of dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture for laboratory animals is moderate to high. Acute exposure results in clinical signs associated with central nervous system depression. It is a severe eye and skin irritant and it is a moderate dermal sensitizer. In a long-term study on rats fed diets containing up to 120 mg of the mixture per kg for 2 years, no toxic or carcinogenic effects were seen. No metabolic studies have been carried out on dichloropropane-dichloropropene mixture. The two major components, 1,2-dichloropropene and 1,2-dichloropropane, are rapidly eliminated, primarily in the urine and, to a lesser extent, via expired air. The components of the mixture are metabolized by oxidative and conjunction pathways. The major urinary metabolites are mercapturic acids.

The primary toxic effects of 1,1-dichloropropene are portal-of-entry effects resulting from the chemical reactivity of the compound and its physicochemical properties. Repeated irritation results in a hyperplastic response in the target tissues. The mutagenicity of 1,1-dichloropropene has been related to its glutathione transferase-dependent bioactivation by the thiolate ion of glutathione and the resulting episulfonium ion (L893).

Symptoms occuring after inhalation include gasping, refusal to breathe, coughing, substernal pain; lacrimation and headache are prominant. After inhalation exposures, malaise, headache, chest and abdominal discomfort and irritability can persist during weeks or years. Moreover, Irritation of eyes and upper respiratory mucosa appears promptly after exposure to concentrated vapors. Ingestion can cause cough, sore throat, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, unconsciousness, and laboured breathing (T48, L893).

Effluent concentrations reported in the USEPA's STORET data base, 1980-1982 (153 samples) 0% pos(1). Dichloropropenes were identified at 1 site in industrial effluent entering the St. Clair River - Sarnia, Ontario(2). Of 63 industrial effluents analyzed, 1 contained concn <10 ppb of dichloropropene(3). Dichloropropene has been detected in wastewater from organic chemical manufacturing/plastics (79 ppb, mean)(6). National Urban Runoff Program in which 86 samples from 19 cities throughout the US were analyzed reported that dichloropropene was detected only in Eugene, OR 1-2 ppb, 2% frequency of detection nationwide(4). cis-1,3-Dichloropropene was detected in 1 out of 5 municipal landfill leachate samples in WI, concn 18 ppb, but not detected in 6 municipal landfill leachates in MN(5).

Dichloropropene was detected at a concentration range of 0.05-0.183 mg/l in a mixed locational sample of industrial landfill leachate(1).

The Koc of dichloropropene is estimated as 59(SRC), using a water solubility of 2,700 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that dichloropropene is expected to have high mobility in soil.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1-Propene, dichloro- is included on this list.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Dichloropropene is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations.

Dichloropropene is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

Glutathione transferase catalyzes the bioactivation of 1,1-dichloropropene by glutathione to a single unsaturated S-conjugate retaining one chlorine atom. It was postulated that the thiolate ion of glutathione could attack 1,1-dichloropropene at either the C1 or C2 position, with attack at the C2 position resulting in the formation of a mutagenic episulfonium ion (L893).

1,3-Dichloropropene is used as a pesticide; 2,3-Dichloropropene is used to make other chemicals; No uses were found for the other isomers (1,1-, 1,2-, and 3,3-); [Reference #1]

Various mixtures of dichloropropenes are used as fumigants applied to the soil before crops are planted.

Preplant for nematode, disease, insect control on a variety of crops.

USED ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH CHLOROPICRIN, METHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE, AND METHYL BROMIDE FOR SOIL TREATMENT BEFORE PLANTING OF MANY CROPS. MAJOR SPECIFIC USE SITES INCLUDE COTTON, POTATOES, SUGAR BEETS, TOBACCO, AND VEGETABLE CROPS.

Oil and fat solvent

Breathing in contaminated air; drinking contaminated water; eating contaminated food; dermal and eye exposure (L893).

1-Propene, dichloro-: ACTIVE

Production of ... DD mixture has been discontinued by the Dow Chemical Co

DICHLOROPROPENE WILL REPLACE MANY FORMER USES OF ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE