炭酸鉄(II)

3.9 g/cu cm

3.9 @25 °C

Amorphous; soluble in acid /Monohydrate/

Green-brown hexagonal crystals /Hydrate/

Rapidly darkens when exposed to air or begins to decompose when heated to 200 °C.

Sugar, glycerin, & many organic hydroxy acids hinder precipitation. In neutral solution, soluble carbonates, phosphates, & oxalates produce precipitation. /Ferrous salts/

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 100% (24 of 24) of all reports.

Not Classified

Aggregated GHS information provided per 24 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Chemical: Carbonic acid, iron(2+) salt (1:1)

Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 (amended)

Carbonic acid, iron(2+) salt (1:1): Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

Trace minerals added to animal feeds. These substances added to animal feeds as nutritional dietary supplements are generally recognized as safe when added at levels consistent with good feeding practice. All substances listed may be in anhydrous or hydrated form. Iron carbonate is included on this list. /Iron Carbonate/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

All ... /iron/ preparations should be kept in child-proof bottles. /Iron preparations/

1.0 [mg/m3], as Fe (soluble iron salts)

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA) 1 mg/cu m /Iron salts, soluble, as Fe/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Iron salts, soluble, as Fe/

6.2 [mg/m3]

69 [mg/m3]

410 [mg/m3]

Sixteen male Holstein calves were fed one of four diets for 18 days in an experiment consisting of 0 and 1000 ppm supplemental manganese and 0 and 1000 ppm added iron as manganese carbonate and ferrous carbonate. The control diet contained 55 ppm manganese and 220 ppm iron. All calves were dosed orally 48 hr prior to sacrifice with 500 muCi of manganese-54. Small intestinal iron was less in calves fed a high manganese diet, a possible interaction of these two elements at the absorption site. Feeding a high manganese diet tended to decrease iron (total) concentrations in liver and pancreas. When the high manganese diet was supplemented with additional iron, antagonistic effects of manganese on iron were eliminated. Neither iron nor manganese concentrations in tissues were affected by an increase of dietary iron. Manganese-54 content of tissue was reduced by the high manganese diet but was not affected by dietary iron. Total manganese and iron in feces fairly closely reflected dietary intake of each element with no evidence of interaction. Calves fed the high iron diet excreted less manganese-54 in their feces over 2 days. Total iron in blood serum was not affected significantly by the dietary treatments.

The influence of a liquid antacid on the absorption of iron from iron tablets was studied in healthy volunteers using a serum iron technique. Tablets containing ferrous salts (carbonate, fumarate, sulfate) with different in-vitro dissolution properties were studied. Co-administration of the antacid and the iron tablets resulted in a marked reduction of the absorption of iron from all preparations studied. The lowest absorption was found when ferrous carbonate was given with the antacid. This was ascribed to the fact that ferrous carbonate is almost completely insoluble at pH-levels near neutral. This was confirmed in a series of patients with achlorhydria in which the absorption from ferrous carbonate was virtually nil.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Various aspects of psychomotor function were assessed before and after treatment of 47 anemic women with iron. A total of 47 women with hemoglobin levels of 10.5 g/100 mL or less were, for 8 weeks, given 150 mg of iron daily as the ferrous carbonate salt. A similar group received a placebo for 8 weeks. Psychomotor function tests were performed before and after the iron or placebo trial. There was no evidence of benefit of iron therapy on psychomotor function. The study showed that either iron has no beneficial effect on psychomotor function in iron deficiency or that anemia is a very rare cause of impairment of psychomotor function.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Twelve intact male Holstein calves averaging 90 kg and 12 wk of age were fed one of three dietary treatments for 28 days. The diets were A) control, B) control plus 1000 ppm iron as ferrous carbonate, and C) control plus 1000 ppm iron as ferrous sulfate monohydrate. Calves were dosed orally on day 15 of the treatment period with 1 mCi of iron-59. Neither source of added iron had a significant effect on weight gains, feed consumption, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, serum total iron, serum total iron-binding capacity, unbound iron-binding capacity, serum copper, tissue copper, fecal dry matter, or a consistent effect on fecal pH. The ferrous carbonate had no significant effect on stable zinc or stable iron in any tissue studied. Calves fed ferrous sulfate had higher average stable iron in most tissues and significantly more in the small intestine. Tissue zinc was lower in spleen and pancreas of ferrous sulfate-fed calves. Both sources of added iron sharply reduced iron-59 in serum, whole blood, and body tissues. The reduction was substantially greater in calves fed the ferrous sulfate iron. Iron in ferrous sulfate had a higher biological availability than that in the ferrous carbonate; however, bioavailability of the ferrous carbonate iron appeared to be substantial and considerably more than that noted in previous studies in which a different source of ferrous carbonate was used. The maximum safe level of dietary iron is materially influenced by the source of iron with a higher tolerance indicated for ferrous carbonated than ferrous sulfate monohydrate.

...There is concern that the individual with metabolic defects that impair the ability to regulate iron absorption will be at risk from excessive exposure to iron, primarily as a result of acceleration of accumulation of iron in the body and an earlier onset of clinical symptoms of the disease. /Iron salts/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. /Iron and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with lactated Ringer's /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Iron and related compounds/

Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Treat shock caused by hemorrhagic gastrointestinitis aggressively with intravenous crystalloid fluids, and replace blood if needed. Patients are often markedly hypovolemic owing to gastrointestinal losses and third spacing of fluids into the intestinal wall and interstitial space. Treat coma, seizures, and metabolic acidosis if they occur. For seriously intoxicated victims (eg, shock, severe acidosis, and/or serum iron > 500-600 mcg/dL) administer deferoxamine. Monitor the urine for the urine for the characteristic orange or pink deferoxamine-iron complex. Therapy may be stopped when the urine returns to normal or when the serum iron level decreases to the normal range. Prolonged deferoxamine has been associated with adult respiratory distress syndrome and Yersinia sepsis.

Activated charcoal is not effective. Ipecac is not recommended, because it can aggravate iron-induced gastrointestinal irritation and interfere with whole bowel irrigation. Consider gastric lavage if product was a liquid formulation or tablets were chewed. Do-not use phosphate-containing solutions for lavage; these may result in life-threatening hypernatremia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia. Bicarbonate and deferoxamine lavage are of doubtful efficacy. Deferoxamine lavage is not effective and may enhance iron absorption. Whole-bowel irrigation is very effective for ingested tablets and may be considered first-line treatment, especially if large numbers of tablets are visible on plain abdominal x-ray. Massive ingestions may lead to concretions or bezoars. Repeated or prolonged whole-bowel irrigation may remove tablets. Endoscopy or surgical gastrotomy is rarely required.

Hemodialysis and hemoperfusion are not effective for removing iron but may be necessary to remove iron-deferoxamine complex in patients with renal failure. Exchange transfusion is occasionally used for massive pediatric ingestions but is of questionable efficacy.

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

Trace minerals added to animal feeds. These substances added to animal feeds as nutritional dietary supplements are generally recognized as safe when added at levels consistent with good feeding practice. All substances listed may be in anhydrous or hydrated form. Iron carbonate is included on this list. /Iron Carbonate/

B - Blood and blood forming organs

QB - Blood and blood forming organs

Twelve intact male Holstein calves averaging 90 kg and 12 wk of age were fed one of three dietary treatments for 28 days. The diets were A) control, B) control plus 1000 ppm iron as ferrous carbonate, and C) control plus 1000 ppm iron as ferrous sulfate monohydrate. Calves were dosed orally on day 15 of the treatment period with 1 mCi of iron-59. Neither source of added iron had a significant effect on weight gains, feed consumption, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, serum total iron, serum total iron-binding capacity, unbound iron-binding capacity, serum copper, tissue copper, fecal dry matter, or a consistent effect on fecal pH. The ferrous carbonate had no significant effect on stable zinc or stable iron in any tissue studied. Calves fed ferrous sulfate had higher average stable iron in most tissues and significantly more in the small intestine. Tissue zinc was lower in spleen and pancreas of ferrous sulfate-fed calves. Both sources of added iron sharply reduced iron-59 in serum, whole blood, and body tissues. The reduction was substantially greater in calves fed the ferrous sulfate iron. Iron in ferrous sulfate had a higher biological availability than that in the ferrous carbonate; however, bioavailability of the ferrous carbonate iron appeared to be substantial and considerably more than that noted in previous studies in which a different source of ferrous carbonate was used. The maximum safe level of dietary iron is materially influenced by the source of iron with a higher tolerance indicated for ferrous carbonated than ferrous sulfate monohydrate.

Twenty-four lambs, averaging 29 kg, were used to determine the effect of supplemental dietary Fe on performance and Cu, P, Zn and Mn utilization. Treatments consisted of supplemental Fe at 0, 300, 600 or 1,200 mg/kg diet as ferrous carbonate. The basal diet contained 154 mg Fe/kg diet and consisted of 90% Coastal bermudagrass pellets, 9.45% group corn, .5% sodium chloride and .05% vitamin mix. Lambs were slaughtered after having ad libitum access to diets for 98 to 121 days. Dietary Fe did not affect lamb gain or feed intake. Supplemental Fe increased Fe concentrations in liver (P<0.01), spleen (P<0.01) and bone (P<0.10), but not in kidney and muscle. Serum Fe concentrations and percentage transferrin saturation in serum were increased (P<0.01) by supplemental Fe at 28 and 84 days, but not at the termination of the study. Plasma Cu was decreased (P<0.01) at 56 days, whereas serum ceruloplasmin activity was reduced (P<0.01) at 28 days in lambs fed 1,200 mg Fe/kg diet compared with lambs fed 600 mg Fe/kg diet. Lower levels of Fe (300 and 600) reduced (P<0.01) ceruloplasmin by 56 days and plasma Cu by 84 days compared with controls. Liver Cu also was decreased (P<0.05) by supplemental Fe. Plasma P was decreased slightly (P<0.10) by 28 days and significantly (P<0.01) at the other sampling dates by supplemental Fe.

Gastrointestinal absorption of iron is adequate.../yet/...lower from...ferrous carbonate.../than ferrous sulfate, fumarate, gluconate, succinate, glutamate, and lactate/.

No differences were found in iron absorption by normal human males given oral test doses of 10 or 100 mg ferrous sulfate or ferrous carbonate, respectively.

Twenty-four lambs, averaging 29 kg, were used to determine the effect of supplemental dietary Fe on performance and Cu, P, Zn and Mn utilization. Treatments consisted of supplemental Fe at 0, 300, 600 or 1,200 mg/kg diet as ferrous carbonate. The basal diet contained 154 mg Fe/kg diet and consisted of 90% Coastal bermudagrass pellets, 9.45% group corn, .5% sodium chloride and .05% vitamin mix. Lambs were slaughtered after having ad libitum access to diets for 98 to 121 days. Dietary Fe did not affect lamb /weight/ gain or feed intake. Supplemental Fe increased Fe concentrations in liver (P<0.01), spleen (P<0.01) and bone (P<0.10), but not in kidney and muscle. Serum Fe concentrations and percentage transferrin saturation in serum were increased (P<0.01) by supplemental Fe at 28 and 84 days, but not at the termination of the study. Plasma Cu was decreased (P<0.01) at 56 days, whereas serum ceruloplasmin activity was reduced (P<0.01) at 28 days in lambs fed 1,200 mg Fe/kg diet compared with lambs fed 600 mg Fe/kg diet. Lower levels of Fe (300 and 600) reduced (P<0.01) ceruloplasmin by 56 days and plasma Cu by 84 days compared with controls. Liver Cu also was decreased (P<0.05) by supplemental Fe. Plasma P was decreased slightly (P<0.10) by 28 days and significantly (P<0.01) at the other sampling dates by supplemental Fe.

Used as a flame retardant, iron supplement in animal feed, and hematinic (treatment of iron deficiency anemia); [HSDB]

Farming (Feed Additives) [Category: Industry]

MEDICATION (VET)

HEMATINIC

Used as a flame retardant and as an iron supplement in animal feed.

Catalysts, pigments, drugs, agriculture, nutrition, metallurgy, and leather tanning. /Iron compounds/

Each pill contains 65 mg (1 g) of ferrous carbonate.

Iron content varies- approximately 48%. ...A saccharated form contains the equivalent of 15% ferrous carbonate.