ジ-イソノニル-シクロヘキサン-1,2-ニカルボン酸

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.3X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that diisononyl hexahydrophthalate is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of diisononyl hexahydrophthalate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Diisononyl hexahydrophthalate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.6X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2012).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.3X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that diisononyl hexahydrophthalate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.1X10-6 atm-cu m/moleSRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 140(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 9.57(6)and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). Biodegradadtion data in water were not available(SRC, 2012).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diisononyl hexahydrophthalate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 9.6X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diisononyl hexahydrophthalate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3. Particulate-phase diisononyl hexahydrophthalate may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Diisononyl hexahydrophthalate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of diisononyl hexahydrophthalate can be estimated to be 3.3X10+5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that diisononyl hexahydrophthalate is expected to be immobile in soil.

An estimated BCF of 140 was calculated in fish for diisononyl hexahydrophthalate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 9.82(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for diisononyl hexahydrophthalate is estimated as 7.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that diisononyl hexahydrophthalate /is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Diisononyl hexahydrophthalate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces will not occur(SRC). Diisononyl hexahydrophthalate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.6X10-7 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ A 28-day oral toxicity study of DINCH has been conducted but only minimal information on the study is provided ... . The species and type of oral exposure are not specified but are presumed to be rat, with diet presumed to be based on exposure concentrations of 0, 600, 3000 and 15,000 ppm and reported corresponding male/female doses of 0, 64/66, 318/342 and 1585/1670 mg/kgday. ...The only reported effects of DINCH were increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and degenerated epithelial cells in the urine at the highest dose. ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ A combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study of DINCH was conducted in which Wistar rats (50/sex/dose) were orally exposed to dose levels of 0, 40, 200 or 1000 mg/kgday for two years. ... The main effects were increases in thyroid weight, follicular cell hyperplasia and follicular adenomas in male rats at >/= 200 mg/kg-day and female rats at 1000 mg/kg-day. ... The only other finding was the presence of urinary tract transitional epithelial cells in the urine at unspecified effect level(s), but ... the effect was transitory and there were no histological lesions in the kidneys. ... Based on the nonneoplastic effects in the thyroid, this study identified chronic toxicity NOAELs and LOAELs of 40 and 200 mg/kg-day in male rats and 200 and 1000 mg/kg-day in female rats.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ A two-generation reproductive toxicity study was conducted using continuous dietary administration of DINCH at dose levels of 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg-day. ... There were no effects on fertility or reproductive performance in the F0 or F1 parental animals or developmental toxicity in the F1 or F2 pups. Reported effects included increased serum GGT and decreased total bilirubin in F0 females, and increased liver, kidney and thyroid weights in F0 males and females, at 1000 mg/kg-bw. Effects were similar to those in the F0 generation, but unspecified except for increased thyroid weight and thyroid hypertrophy/hyperplasia, apparently occurred in F1 parental animals at > or =300 mg/kg-day. No quantitative data were provided for any of the effects. The high-dose of 1000 mg/kgday appears to have been a NOAEL for reproductive and developmental effects in this study.

/GENOTOXICITY/ DINCH did not induce mutations in bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli) or Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro, chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster V79 cells in vitro, or micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells in vivo. Additional information was not provided in the available summary of these genotoxicity studies.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of diisononyl hexahydrophthalate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.07X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of1.9X10-2 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 11 and 1.1 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Diisononyl hexahydrophthalate is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Diisononyl hexahydrophthalate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Occupational exposure to diisononyl hexahydrophthalate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where diisononyl hexahydrophthalate is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to diisononyl hexahydrophthalate via dermal contact with consumer products containing diisononyl hexahydrophthalate. (SRC)

Diisononyl hexahydrophthalate's production and use as a plasticizer may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 9.6X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates diisononyl hexahydrophthalate will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase diisononyl hexahydrophthalate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours. Particulate-phase diisononyl hexahydrophthalate will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. Diisononyl hexahydrophthalate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, diisononyl hexahydrophthalate is expected to be immobile based upon an estimated Koc of 3.30X10+5. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Biodegradation data in soil or water were not available. If released into water, diisononyl hexahydrophthalate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 140 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process based on estimated half-lives of 11 and 1.1 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to diisononyl hexahydrophthalate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where diisononyl hexahydrophthalate is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to diisononyl hexahydrophthalate via dermal contact with consumer products containing diisononyl hexahydrophthalate. (SRC)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Phenols and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . Do not use emetics. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . Maintain body temperature. /Phenols and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam. ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Phenols and related compounds/

LD50 Rat dermal >2000 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral >5000 mg/kg