4α,9-エポキシセバン-3β,4,12,14,16β,17,20-ヘプタオール3-(3,4-ジメトキシベンゾアート)

解説C36H51NO11(673.80)．ベラトルムアルカロイドの一つで，ユリ科Veratrum属およびその近縁植物の種子や根茎から見いだされた．"淡黄色の粉末．融点180 ℃(130 ℃ で乾燥させたもの)，[α]20D＋8.0°(エタノール)．水に可溶，エーテルに微溶．Na＋ チャンネルに作用する神経や筋肉細胞の減極剤であるが，バトラコトキシンより活性は弱い．[CAS 71-62-5]森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）

説明This steroidal alkaloid from Veratrum viride was given this name by Bosetti. It is almost certainly identical with the amorphous veratrine isolated by Schmidt and Koppen, Merck, and Wright and Luff. The base is a colourless, amorphous powder which melts over a wide range. It has [α]22D + 8.0° (EtOH) and yields a sulphate nonahydrate which forms colourless silky needles that resinify in air. The nitrate is only sparingly soluble in H2O. The solution of the alkaloid in H2SO4 becomes orange-red and eventually crimson with a blue fluorescence while that in HCI is colourless. Alkaline hydrolysis furnishes veratric acid and cevine.

使用Veratridine causes Na+ channels to stay open during a sustained membrane depolarization by abolishing inactivation.This, in turn, opens voltage-activated calcium channels, thus increasing intracellular calcium content and inducing neurotransmitter release. Alkaloid neurotoxin which depolarizes excitable tissue; used to increase membrane sodium permeability.

一般的な説明Veratridine is one of several alkaloids isolated from the seeds of Schoenocaulon officinale and from the rhizome of Veratrum album. The crude extract is called veratrine or sabadilla and contains cevadine, veratridine, cevadilline, sabadine and cevine. It is a neurotoxin, which belongs to the family Liliaceae and genus, Schoenocaulon. Veratridine is soluble in lipid.

純化方法It is an alkaloid neurotoxin which prevents inactivation of Na+ channels. Its solubility in EtOH is ~5%; and it separates as a pale yellow powder from an ethanolic solution on addition of Et2O. It forms nitrate, sulfate and perchlorate salts. [McKinney et al. Anal Biochem 153 33 1986, Beilstein 21 V/13 709.]