ボルネオール

解説ボルネオール，モノテルペンアルコールの一つ。竜脳(りゅうのう)、ボルネオ樟脳(しょうのう)ともいわれ、竜脳油、ローズマリー油、ラベンダー油、シトロネラ油など多くの精油中に含まれる。ボルネオールは不斉炭素原子をもっているので3種の光学異性体が存在し、d-体はリュウノウジュ（竜脳樹）より得られ、l-体は中国産竜脳草より得られる。

用途有機合成原料。香粧用として重要。特に酢酸エステルは重要。

説明Borneol is an analgetic, antibacterial, and resuscitation-inducing norborneol derived from fresh branches and leaves of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl. Far more than 2000years ago, it has been introduced to China . In China, it has been firstly recorded in Ming Yi Bie Lu and then included in Tang Ben Cao. It was recorded in history that borneol was derived from Dryobalanops camphora gaertner and then precipitated from the resin to form the natural crystal compound or distilled from the trunk and cooled down to form the crystal compound, which is certified from Indonesia. In China, the natural borneol mainly relied on imports. In recent years, it was extracted from the Lauraceae plants, including Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum longepaniculatum, and Cinnamomum burmannii, which greatlyincreases the resources of natural borneol for China. Cinnamomum camphora is mainly distributed in Jiangxi and Fujian provinces with 81.78% of borneol. Cinnamomum longepaniculatum is mainly distributed in Hunan and Sichuan provinces with 77.57% of borneol. Cinnamomum burmannii is mainly distributed in Yunnan and Guangxi provinces with 70.81% of borneol. Among them, Cinnamomum camphora contains more borneol than the other two types .

来歴Borneol has been widely used worldwide. It has been systematically studied since 1803 in Dutch literature. This might be because borneol was originated from Indonesia which had been the colony of the Netherlands since the seventeenth century. Stockman reviewed the borneol systematically and conducted the preliminary pharmacological experiments. The current pharmacological studies of borneol focus on crossing blood-brain barrier and its mechanism, as well as promoting the penetration of blood-brain barrier after compatibility with other drugs, which has been started by Qizhong Mo in Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences since 1982 . Qide Wu et al. synthesized a series of ester derivatives of natural borneol and studied its biological properties. It was found that (+) – 4-methoxybenzoic acid borneol ester had a significant effect on the opening of the blood-brain barrier and was less toxic than borneol . Because of the unique chemical structure of borneol and relatively low molecular weight, borneol is often modified to observe whether the drug has such pharmacological effects of antitumor, increasing the penetration of blood-brain barrier, antibacterial, antioxidant, and others. Up to date, there is no druggability report based on borneol modification.