化工社化工社 化学情報印刷レポート · 研究参考用
ホスメット
フタロホス · ジチオりん酸O,O-ジメチルS-(フタルイミジルメチル) · プロレート · プロラート · PMP剤 · ホスメット · イミダン · ジチオりん酸S-(1,3-ジオキソイソインドリン-2-イル)メチルO,O-ジメチル
識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 732-11-6 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | C11H12NO4PS2 |
| 平均分子量 | 317.3 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 316.99453721 g/mol |
| SMILES | COP(=S)(OC)SCN1C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O |
| InChIKey | LMNZTLDVJIUSHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 12901 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1481873 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:38786 |
| EC No. | 211-987-4 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID5024261 |
| 現地名 | ホスメット |
化学・物理的性質
| XLogP | 2.8 |
|---|---|
| 極性表面積 | 113 |
| 水素結合供与体数 | 0 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 6 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 5 |
| 重原子数 | 19 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 399 |
| LogP（分配係数） | log Kow = 2.952.83 |
| 臭い | OFFENSIVE ODOR |
| 密度 | 1.03 at 20 °C/4 °C1.03 g/cm³1.03 @ 20°C1.03 g/cm3 |
| Color/Form | Off-white crystalline solidColorless crystals |
| 溶解度 | 100 G/KG IN DICHLOROMETHANE, 4-METHYLPENT-3-EN-2-ONE, BUTANONEAt 25 °C: 25 mg/L water650 g/L acetone600 g/L benzene5 g/L kerosene50 g/L methanol300 g/L toluene, methyl isobutyl ketone250 g/L xylene.In water, 24.4 mg/L at 20 °CSolubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.003Chloroform: Slightly Soluble,Methanol: Slightly Soluble25 mg l-1 (25°C) |
| Corrosivity | SLIGHTLY CORROSIVE TO METALS |
| 沸点 | Decomposes below boiling point (EPA, 1998)412.6±47.0 °C(Predicted) |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides, phosphorus oxides, and sulfur oxides./100 °C |
| 融点 | 161 °F (EPA, 1998)72-72.7 °C72 °C71.9 °C72.5°C |
| 蒸気圧 | 0.001 mmHg at 122 °F (EPA, 1998)0.00000049 [mmHg]4.9X10-7 mm Hg at 20-25 °CVapor pressure at 20 °C: negligible0.00054 [mm Hg] @25 °C6.5×10-5 Pa (25°C) |
| Physical Description | Phosmet is an off-white crystalline solid with an offensive odor. Used as an insecticide and acaricide. (EPA, 1998)Colorless to off-white solid[ICSC] Technical product is off-white or pink solid with an offensive odor[HSDB] Colorless solid[MSDSonline]COLOURLESS-TO-OFF-WHITE CRYSTALS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. |
| Stability/Shelf Life | Stable under normal storage conditions.IN BUFFERED SOLN (20 MG/L) @ 20 °C, 50% HYDROLYZED 13 DAYS AT PH 4.5, IN LESS THAN 12 HR AT PH 7, IN LESS THAN 4 HR AT PH 8.3.STORAGE ABOVE 45 °C MAY LEAD TO DECOMPOSITION.... Rapidly decomposed with hypochlorite.Relatively stable in acidic conditions. Decomposes rapidly above 100 °C. |
| 引火点 | >100 °C |
| 貯蔵条件 | 0-6°C |
| pKa（酸解離定数） | -2.63±0.20(Predicted) |
| 外観・状態 | 個体 |
| BRN | 264869 |
| ヘンリー定数 | 1.2×103 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, HSDB (2015) |
| 主な用途 | 農業環境 |
| InChI | 1S/C11H12NO4PS2/c1-15-17(18,16-2)19-7-12-10(13)8-5-3-4-6-9(8)11(12)14/h3-6H,7H2,1-2H3 |
| InChIKey | LMNZTLDVJIUSHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | COP(=S)(OC)SCN1C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O |
| LogP（分配係数） | 2.780 |
| CAS データベース | 732-11-6(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NISTの化学物質情報 | Phosmet(732-11-6) |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | Phosmet (732-11-6) |
化学的特性
Phosmet is a white crystalline solid
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | DangerH301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]H361f: Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P304+P340, P308+P316, P317, P318, P321, P330, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| 規制情報 | Hazard Traits - Developmental ToxicityNeurotoxicityAuthoritative List - CECBP - Priority ChemicalsReport - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredientRegulation (EC) No 396/2005 (amended)Phosmet is listed in the dataset of EPA Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides under the Safe Drinking Water Act (40 eCFR 141)07/25/EC, Reg. (EU) 2018/917, Reg. (EU) 2019/707, Reg. (EU) 2020/869, Reg. (EU) 2021/745, Reg. (EU) 2022/94, Reg. (EU) No 540/2011Phosmet: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| その他の安全情報 | IMAP assessments - Phosphorodithioic acid, S-[(1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl] O,O-dimethyl ester: Environment tier I assessmentIMAP assessments - Phosphorodithioic acid, S-[(1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl] O,O-dimethyl ester: Human health tier I assessment |
| 輸送ラベル（DOT） | Class 9 |
| 火災危険 | (Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, n.o.s.). Container may explode in heat of fire. Fire and runoff from fire control water may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Storage above 113F, may lead to decomposition. (EPA, 1998)Combustible. Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents. |
| 火災の可能性 | This material may burn but does not ignite readily. /Organophosphorus pesticide NOS/ |
| 健康有害性 | It is an organophosphorus pesticide. This material is very toxicthe probable oral lethal dose for humans is 50-500 mg/kg, or between 1 teaspoon and 1 oz. for a 150 lb. person. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor and has central nervous system effects. Oral lethal doses in humans have been reported at 50 mg/kg. (EPA, 1998) |
| 有害性の概要 | A cholinesterase inhibitor that may cause CNS effects resulting in convulsions and respiratory depressionCan be absorbed through skin[ICSC] Highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitor[CAMEO] A man who attempted suicide by ingestion was brought by friend to emergency room with symptoms including oral and bronchial secretions and respiratory distress requiring intubationWithin an hour health care personal began developing symptoms of poisoningA nursing assistant who had contact with the patients skin and bodily fluids required intubation and was hospitalized for 9 daysTwo nurses who were exposed only by inhalation in close proximity to the patient developed symptoms including confusion, nausea, abdominal cramps, and dyspneaMany poisoning cases have been reported from the use of animal dips and shampoos by pet owners, groomers, and veterinary assistants[HSDB] Not likely to be teratogenic, based on animal studies[REPROTOX] The average of two baseline respective cholinesterase activity determinations three days apart, with no exposures to enzyme inhibiting pesticides for at least 30 days, is recommended for each worker prior to exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors because of large inter-individual differences in published baseline values. To be established at least once a year. Removal from workplace exposures is recommended until the cholinesterase activity returns to within 20% of baseline. [TLVs and BEIs] |
| 反応性グループ | Amides and ImidesEsters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters |
| EC 分類 | Symbol: Xn, NR: 21/22-50/53S: (2)-22-36/37-60-61 |
| UN 分類 | UN Hazard Class: 6.1UN Pack Group: III |
| Special Reports | USEPA/Office of Pesticide ProgramsInterim Reregistration Eligibility Decision - Phosmet. EPA 738-R-01-010 (October 2001) This document assesses the risk of exposure to the various registrated uses of phosmet and determines whether these uses are eligible for reregistration. The document is considered \"interim\" pending completion of the review of all organophosphorus pesticides registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of May 18, 2007: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]EPA/Office of Pesticide ProgramsOrganophosphorus Cumulative Risk Assessment - 2006 Update. p.209-10. (August 2006) avail as zipped pdf from at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative/2006-op/index.htm. This report evaluates the relative toxicity and individual exposure scenarios for a group of organophosphate pesticides determined to share a common mode of action. |
| FIFRA 要件 | Tolerances are established for the sum of the residues for the insecticide N-(mercaptomethyl) phthalimide S-(O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate) and its oxygen analog N-(mercaptomethyl) phthalimide S-(O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate) in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: [Table#3508]Tolerances with regional registration, as defined in §180.1(n), are established for the sum of the residue for the insecticide N-(mercaptomethyl) phthalimide S-(O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate) and its oxygen analog N-(mercaptomethyl) phthalimide S-(O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate) in or on the following raw agricultural commodity: [Table#3509]As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Phosmet is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0242Pesticide type: herbicideRegistration Standard Date: 09/26/86Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document. Active ingredient (AI): PhosmetData Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 08/30/91, 10/13/95AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner. |
| 消火 | (Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, n.o.s.). Stay upwindkeep out of low areas. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposaldo not scatter material. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing.(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, n.o.s.) This material may burn but does not ignite readily. For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. |
| 応急処置措置 | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Rest. Refer for medical attention . |
| 応急処置 | Note: Phosmet is a cholinesterase inhibitor.Signs and Symptoms of Acute Phosmet Exposure: Acute exposure to phosmet may produce the following signs and symptoms: pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, muscle spasms, and profound weakness. Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, seizures, and coma may also occur. The heart rate may decrease following oral exposure or increase following dermal exposure. Chest pain may be noted. Hypotension (low blood pressure) may occur, although hypertension (high blood pressure) is not uncommon. Dyspnea (shortness of breath) may be followed by respiratory collapse. Giddiness is common.Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to phosmet may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.Inhalation Exposure:1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to phosmet.2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.4. Transport to a health care facility.Dermal/Eye Exposure:1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to phosmet.3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.5. Wash exposed skin areas three times with soap and water.6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.7. Transport to a health care facility.Ingestion Exposure:1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of phosmet is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step |
| 安全保管 | Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. |
| 暴露管理・個人防護 | Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baselineButylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baselineSample at end of shift[TLVs and BEIs] |
| 消火手順 | This material may not burn but does ignite readily. For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. Stay upwindkeep out of low areas. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposaldo not scatter material. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Poisonous gases are produced in fire including nitrogen oxides, phosphorus oxides, and sulfur oxides. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. Containers may explode in fire. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156.For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. /Organophosphorus pesticide NOS/ |
| 保管条件 | Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well vented area away form other pesticide, alkaline conditions, water and other forms of moisture. Where possible, automatically transfer material from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where this chemical is handled, used, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Whenever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings. |
| 清掃方法 | Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. As for other organophosphorus pesticides stay upwindkeep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Take up small spills with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place in containers for later disposal. Take up small dry spills with clean shovel and place in clean, dry container. Dike far ahead of large spills for later disposal. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable. |
| 非火災時の漏出対応 | Caution : Phosmet may produce toxic gases when heatedcontainers may explode in the heat of fire. Avoid sources of extreme heat.This is an organophosphorus pesticide. As for other organophosphorus pesticides stay upwindkeep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Take up small spills with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place in containers for later disposal. Take up small, dry spills with clean shovel and place in clean, dry container. Dike far ahead of large spills for later disposal. (EPA, 1998) |
| 処分方法 | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (> or = 100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. In accordance with 40CFR165 recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed of properly by following package label directions or be contacting your state regional office. Small amounts may be decomposed with hypochlorite. For large amounts, incineration with effective gas scrubbing is recommended.Pesticide Disposal - Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal Law. If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency or the Hazardous Waste Representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. Container Disposal - Triple rinse (or equivalent). Then offer for recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or by other procedures approved by state and local authorities. /Prolate-Lintox -HD/ |
| 漏出処分 | Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| Preventive Measures | Follow manufacturers instructions for cieaning and maintainlng PPE. If no such instructions for washables exist, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. Discard clothing and other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with this product's concentrate. Do not reuse them. /Imidan 70-WP/USER SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS. Users should: - Wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet. Remove ctothing and PPE immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing. Users should remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing. /Imidan 70-WP/This pesticide is toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high-water mark. Drift and runoff may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwater or rinsate. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed directly to treatment of residues on crops. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. Protective information may be obtained from your cooperative Agricultural Extension Service. /Imidan 70-WP/AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS. Use this product only In accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR Part 170. ... The requirements in this /statement/ only apply to uses of this product that are covered by the Worker Protection Standard. Do not enter or allow entry into treated areas during the restricted entry interval (REI). The REI for each crop is listed in the directions for use associated with each crop. PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil, or water is: Coveralls, Shoes plus socks, Chemical-resistant gloves made of any waterproof material, and Chemical-resistant headgear for overhead exposure. /Imidan 70-WP/For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PHOSMET (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 相互作用 | SLIGHT INCR OF LETHAL EFFECT WITH LINDANE-PHOSMET IN MALE RATS. |
| 標的器官 | HepaticNervous |
| 生態毒性値 | LD50 Pheasant female oral 237 mg/kg, 3-4 mo old (95% confidence limit 171-329 mg/kg)LD50 Pheasant male oral greater than 250 mg/kg, 3 mo oldLD50 ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS, MALLARD DUCK ORAL 1830 MG/KG, 3-4 MO OLD MALES (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 1270-2630 MG/KG)LC50 CHINOOK SALMON 180 UG/L/24 HR. FLOW-THROUGH BIOASSAY. (TECHNICAL GRADE)For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for PHOSMET (49 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 環境中動態 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 500-820 measured in soil(2), indicate that phosmet is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of phosmet from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 4.9X10-7 mm Hg(3) and water solubility of 25 mg/L(3). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) based on the vapor pressure of this compound(3). The field dissipation half-life of phosmet was reported to range from 4-20 days(2). Phosmet undergoes hydrolysis rapidly in aqueous solutions(2,3), indicating it will also hydrolyze in moist soils(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2007).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 500-820 measured in soil(2), indicate that phosmet is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 4.9X10-7 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 25 mg/L(4). According to a classification scheme(5), BCF values of 32-44 measured in fish(6), suggest the bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Phosmet hydrolyzes rapidly in water with half-lives of 13 days at pH 4.5, 12 hours at pH 7 and 4 hours at pH 8.3(4). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2007).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), phosmet, which has a vapor pressure of 4.9X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(1) is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase phosmet is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC). The half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constants of 1.5X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at and 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase phosmet may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Direct photolysis from sunlight is also an important fate process based on a half-life of about 70 minutes(4). |
| 食品調査値 | In a summary of pesticide residue findings of the US Food and Drug Admin's regulatory monitoring of domestic foods which may be eaten by infants/children for fiscal years 1985-1991, phosmet was detected (max concn of 1.6 ppm) in 187 of 2464 apple samples and in 71 of 571 pear samples(1)in imported foods, phosmet was detected (max concn of 1.1 ppm) in 36 of 735 apple samples and in 29 of 816 pear samples(1). In a US monitoring survey of 6970 produce samples (fruits and vegetables) collected between 1989 and 1991, phosmet was not detected in any sample at a detection limit of 1.0 ppm(2). During a 5 yr study conducted during 1981-1986, the Los Angeles District Office of the FDA analyzed 19,851 samples of domestic and imported food for pesticide residues(3,4)phosmet was detected in 74 samples at concns ranging from 0.05 to >2.0 ppm (all but 18 samples has concns of 2.0 ppm or less)(3,4). In fruit monitoring studies conducted in Ontario, Canada during 1980 to 1984, phosmet was detected in sweet cherries (6 of 26 composite samples) and peaches (24 of 36 composite samples)(5). Phosmet was detected at a max concn of 0.25 mg/kg in fresh and canned peaches(6). Phosmet was detected in 225 out of 1,536 vegetable and 802 fruit samples analyzed from 1991-1995 in Ontario, Canada(7). No single detection of phosmet in these foods exceeded 10 mg/kg(7). The mean (range of positive samples) of phosmet in food samples from the 1991-1999 FDA Market Basket Surveys were: blueberry muffins, 0.006 ppm (0.006-0.006 ppm)red apples, 0.0095 ppm (0.002-0.03 ppm)raw peaches, 0.0447 ppm (0.012-0.189 ppm)raw pears, 0.0548 ppm (0.003-0.573 ppm)grapes, 0.026 ppm (0.026-0.026 ppm)plumbs, 0.0055 ppm (0.003-0.008 ppm)sweet cherries, 0.007 ppm (0.007-0.007 ppm)raisins, 0.007 ppm (0.007-0.007 ppm)applesauce , 0.004 ppm (0.004-0.004 ppm)strained pears, 0.0112 ppm (0.004-0.02 ppm)apricots, 0.2541 ppm (0.006-0.662 ppm)(8). |
| 有害作用 | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.Other Poison - Organophosphate |
| 暴露経路 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion. |
| Average Daily Intake | Based upon regulatory monitoring conducted by the US Food and Drug Adminstration phosmet Food Intake (in ug/kg body wt/day) in 1990 was as follows(1): 0.0029 for 6-11 mo age group, 0.001 for 14-16 yr old males, and 0.0016 for 60-65 yr old females(1)in 1989, phosmet food intake was as follows(2): 0.0019 for 6-11 mo age group, 0.0008 for 14-16 yr old males, and 0.0009 for 60-65 yr old females(2)in 1988, phosmet food intake was as follows(3): 0.0111 for 6-11 mo age group, 0.0032 for 14-16 yr old males, and 0.0064 for 60-65 yr old females(3). |
| 生態毒性抜粋 | /BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Peripheral neuropathy was induced by the long-term administration of organo-phosphorus compounds (phtalimid/phosmet) in quails (Coturnix coturnix japponica). After 4 weeks, the first symptoms of organophosphorus (OPC) poisoning (apathy, diarrhea) were present. During the second month of a daily administration of the toxic substance using the probe, an apparent clinical autonomic and peripheral neuropathy with ataxia had developed. Toxic disturbance of the nervous system was confirmed by the examination of spinal and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) after tibial nerve stimulation. The prolongation of the peripheral conduction time (wave P6 and N9 represent the response from the ischiadic nerve and the entry of the stimulus to spinal cord, respectively) confirmed a peripheral nerve lesion. /The authors/ suggest that these clinical and electrophysiological changes, displayed by the disturbed nervous system, are caused by either slowing or stoppage of the axonal flow, transport of proteins and other substances, as well as by axon demyelination./BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Signs of intoxication /in mallards & pheasants from acute oral admin/: regurgitation & polydipsia (in mallards), ataxia, excessive preening, hyperactivity, falling, ptosis, salivation, prostration, dyspnea, tremors, wings spread, convulsions, tetanic seizures, & terminal wing-beat convulsions. Signs appeared as soon as 10 min & mortalities usually occurred between 0.5 & 17 hr after treatmenttwo pheasants, however, died at 18 & 24 hr after treatment. In mallards, treatment levels as low as 96 mg/kg produced signs of intoxication, & 768 mg/kg produced some mortalities. /Sample purity 97.2%//BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Apple orchards occupy approximately 12,565 ha of land in Ontario, Canada, and are treated with the greatest number and applications of pesticides among all agricultural crops within the province. The potential for exposure to wildlife from frequent organophosphorus (OP) spray applications is therefore considerable. This study investigated the impact of agricultural spray applications of azinphos-methyl, diazinon, phosalone, and phosmet in apple orchards on the cholinesterase (ChE) activity of wild birds nesting in orchards. These four OP pesticides ranked among the most widely used insecticides used on all fruit crops in Ontario in 1988. Tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) were chosen as monitor species because they commonly breed and forage within apple orchards, utilize different feeding strategies, and are readily attracted to nest boxes. Brain and plasma ChE activities were determined for nestling bluebirds and swallows, and plasma ChE was measured in adult swallows for comparison with nestling data. In adult tree swallows, mean plasma ChE levels were significantly inhibited 41% compared to controls 12 hr after a second application of azinphos-methyl. Mean plasma ChE activity in another group of adult tree swallows dropped by 21 and 19% following a multiple phosmet application. In nestlings, brain ChE activities obtained postspray often fell below predicted activities calculated from control siblings. This trend was especially apparent in the younger nestlings, <6 days old. However, for bluebirds the rates of increase of brain ChE with age in nestlings from treated sites was significantly lower than in nestlings from control sites. Brain ChE activity of two nestlings found dead following a phosalone application gave no indication that insecticide exposure was responsible. No other dead or moribund birds were discovered during the course of the study. Sequential plasma sampling of siblings, before and afte/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Moderately hazardous to fish.For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHOSMET (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation. Sweating. Nausea. Dizziness. Laboured breathing. Weakness.MAY BE ABSORBED! See Inhalation.Redness.Abdominal cramps. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Convulsions. Unconsciousness. Further see Inhalation. |
| Acute Toxicity Link | Chemical: PHOSMET |
| Effluent Concentrations | Leachate samples collected near a pesticide manufacturing facility in Barcelona, Spain during the summer of 1984 contained phosmet concns of 5-10 ppm(1). |
| 州飲料水ガイドライン | (FL) FLORIDA 140 ug/L |
| 水環境危害等級（WGK） | 3 |
| RTECS 番号 | TE2275000 |
| 輸送番号（UN） | UN 2811 |
| 毒性 | LD50 in male, female rats (mg/kg): 113, 160 orally (Gaines) |
| 危険文句（R） | 21/22-50/53 |
| 危険表示 | XnN,N,Xn |
| 安全措置（S） | 22-36/37-60-61 |
| 危険等級 | 6.1(b)Acute Tox. 3 OralAcute Tox. 4 InhalationAquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1Repr. 2STOT SE 1 |
| 包装等級 | III |
| 毒劇物取締法 | III |
| 貯蔵分類 | 6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2very toxic hazardous materials |
| 有害物質データ | 732-11-6(Hazardous Substances Data) |
用途
説明
Phosmet is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. It reduces apple damage by a large variety of insects, including apple maggots, codling moths, and obliquebanded leafrollers when used as either a border or cover spray at a concentration of 1.9 kg AI/hectare. Phosmet is effective in controlling S. scabiei in pigs when applied as a 20% pour-on solution. It is toxic to rats via oral administration (LC50 = 230 mg/kg). Formulations containing phosmet have been used in the control of insects and mites in agriculture.
使用
Phosmet is used as a pesticide to protect crops and vegetation. Insecticide.
一般的な説明
Off-white crystalline solid with an offensive odor. Used as an insecticide and acaricide.