D-Xylose

D-XYLOSE RELIEVED INHIBITION BY PUROMYCIN & CYCLOHEXIMIDE OF INCORPORATION OF ACETATE INTO CHONDROITIN SULFATE IN WHOLE TIBIAS & FEMURS OF EMBRYONIC CHICKEN CARTILAGE.

ADDN OF GUAR TO ORAL DOSAGE OF D-XYLOSE SLOWED DOWN GI ABSORPTION OF D-XYLOSE IN VOLUNTEERS. TOTAL AMT ABSORBED & PLASMA T/2 OF D-XYLOSE WERE NOT AFFECTED.

CONCOMITANT ADMIN OF INDOMETHACIN, NEOMYCIN, PHENFORMIN, COLCHICINE, OR LARGE DOSES OF AMINOSALICYLIC ACID WITH D-XYLOSE INHIBITS INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF D-XYLOSE /REDUCING/ QUANTITIES OF SUGAR BEING EXCRETED...ASPIRIN /REDUCES URINARY EXCRETION OF D-XYLOSE/ APPARENTLY BY ALTERING RENAL FUNCTION.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2(SRC), determined from an estimated log Kow of -1.98(2,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that D-xylose is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of D-xylose from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). D-Xylose is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 6.4X10-7 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). D-Xylose is a simple monosaccharide and should be readily biodegradable in the environment(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2(SRC), determined from an estimated log Kow of -1.98(2,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that D-xylose is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). D-Xylose was biodegraded 63 percent in a 15-day river die away test(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), D-xylose, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 9.6X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase D-xylose is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 hours(SRC) from its estimated rate constant of 7.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant estimation method(3). Particulate-phase D-xylose may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

The Koc of D-xylose is estimated as approximately 2(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -1.98(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that D-xylose is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

D-Xylose is found naturally in plant materials, especially wood (maple, cherry) in straw and hulls(1). It is not found in the free state, but occurs as xylan, a polysaccharide built from xylose units and occurring in association with cellulose(1).

LOW INCIDENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS. NAUSEA, INTESTINAL BLOATING, BORBORYGMI, CRAMPING, ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORT, & DIARRHEA OCCUR FREQUENTLY FOLLOWING 25-G ORAL DOSE...RARELY OCCUR FOLLOWING 5-G ORAL DOSE, EXCEPT IN VERY SMALL INFANTS /ADVERSE EFFECT, ORAL/

XYLOSE WAS NONCARIOGENIC AFTER 1 WK AS COMPARED TO SUCROSE CONTROL.

NON-TOXIC

D-Xylose is a simple monosaccharide and should be readily biodegradable in the environment(SRC). D-Xylose was biodegraded 63 percent in a 15-day river die away test(1). D-Xylose has been shown to biodegrade to acetic acid in the presence of acetogenic bacteria(2).

An estimated BCF of 1 was calculated for D-xylose(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -1.98(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for D-xylose is estimated as 1.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that D-xylose is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). D-Xylose's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected(SRC). D-Xylose is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.6X10-7 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

IT HAS BEEN SHOWN TO PRODUCE CATARACTS IN WEANLING RATS, BUT OLDER RATS ARE RESISTANT TO THIS EFFECT...CONSISTS OF OPACIFICATION OF LENS WHICH IS TRANSIENT, IN CONTRAST TO PERMANENT OPACITY PRODUCED BY GALACTOSE. ... INFLUENCE OF AGE OF RATS APPEARS TO BE DUE TO DIFFERENCES IN METABOLISM &...IN CONCN OF XYLOSE...IN BLOOD.

CIR ingredient: Xylose

Found in many plant materials, especially wood, straw, and hulls; Used in tanning, dyeing, diabetic foods, and medical diagnosis (intestinal function); [Merck Index] Used as a flavoring agent and nutritive sweetener; [FDA]

Leather Tanning and Processing [Category: Industry]

In tanning, dyeing, & as diabetic food

Nonnutritive sweetner

MEDICATION

D-Xylose: ACTIVE

Upon heating with water in closed tube to 140 °C or by boiling with dil H2SO4 furfurol is formed. Hydrazones of D-xylose are more sol than those of L-arabinose & used to separate the 2 sugars.