n-ウンデカン

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

To fight fire, use foam, mist, dry chemical.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Storage class (TRGS 510): Flammable liquids.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for n-Undecane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

0.37 [ppm]

4.1 [ppm]

25 [ppm]

n-Undecane was detected but not quantified in breath and personal air samples collected from 50 individuals in the Los Angeles, CA area(1). n-Undecane was detected in 7 of 12 samples of mothers breast milk from the cities of Bayonne NJ, Jersey City NJ, Bridgeville PA and Baton Rouge LA(2). n-Undecane was detected in expired air collected from 62 non-smoking subjects (20 controls, 14 prediabetics, and 28 diabetics), concentration unknown(3). n-Undecane was detected and quantified in breath and personal air samples collected from 410 individuals in CA, LA and MD between the spring of 1984 and spring of 1987(4). n-Undecane was detected and quantified in personal air samples collected from 113 individuals as part of the German Environmental Survey conducted between 1990-1992(5).

... The present study is an ongoing approach to assess the dose-related percutaneous absorption of a number of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The first treatment (1X) was comprised of mixtures containing undecane (4.1%), dodecane (4.7%), tridecane (4.4%), tetradecane (3%), pentadecane (1.6%), naphthalene (1.1%), and dimethyl naphthalene (1.3% of jet fuels) in hexadecane solvent using porcine skin flow through diffusion cell. Other treatments (n = 4 cells) were 2X and 5X concentrations. Perfusate samples were analyzed with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) using head space solid phase micro-extraction fiber technique. We have standardized the assay to have a good linear correlation for all the tested components in media standards. Absorption parameters including diffusivity, permeability, steady state flux, and percent dose absorbed were estimated for all the tested hydrocarbons. This approach provides a baseline to access component interactions among themselves and with the diluent (solvents). A quantitative structure permeability relationship (QSPR) model was derived to predict the permeability of unknown jet fuel hydrocarbons in this solvent system by using their physicochemical parameters. Our findings suggested a dose related increase in absorption for naphthalene and dimethyl naphthalene (DMN).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2,600(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-undecane is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-undecane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.1 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.412 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 0.014 mg/L(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). n-Undecane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(SRC). A 118% of theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Other screening tests have also found n-undecane to be readily biodegradable(6). A soil microcosm study using Rangeland silt loam soil determined n-undecane Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) values of 31.2-31.8% over a 75 hour period(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2,600(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-undecane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.1 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.412 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.014 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.7 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 1 month if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 120(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 5.74(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). A 118% of theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(7) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Other screening tests have also found n-undecane to be readily biodegradable(8). Loss of 15 and 50% of n-undecane was observed within 5 and 15 days, respectively, from crude oil added to a seawater solution collected at Fukae of Kobe harbor, Japan(9). n-Undecane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-undecane, which has a vapor pressure of 0.412 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-unedecane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 29 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.32X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Based upon data for similar alkanes(4), n-undecane does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

n-Undecane was identified as a volatile component of peanut oil (heated from 150 to 200 °C)(1), Beaufort cheese(2), fried bacon(3), roasted filberts (Corylus avellana)(4), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed(5), fried chicken(6), and kiwi fruit flowers (Actinidia chinensis Planch.)(7), concentrations unknown. 3.52% of the non-condensable volatile fraction area of raw beef volatiles was identified as n-undecane(8).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Undecane is a colorless liquid. It is used in petroleum research, organic synthesis, and as distillation chaser. It is also a component of gasoline. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: In tests with human subjects, solutions as strong as 30% produced no irritation when applied to skin and left for 24 hr. Exposure to undecane during industrial use causes eye and skin irritation. It is irritating to mucous membranes and the upper respiratory tract. ANIMAL STUDIES: In skin irritation tests in which these substances were applied to the skin of rabbits tetradecane was observed to have the strongest effect, followed by heptadecane, dodecane, and undecane in that order. Undecane was shown to have tumor promoting activity. Undecane (25 mg) and benzo(a)pyrene (BP) (5 ug) applied to the skin of female mice, 3 times per wk for 440 days, induced papillomas in 41 of 50 animals. BP alone induced tumors in 12 of 50 animals in the same time, while undecane alone did not produce tumors. Rats were given up to 1000 mg/kg/day undecane by gavage; males dosed for 46 days including 14 days prior to mating, and during the mating period; females dosed for 14 days prior to mating, during mating and gestation periods and postnatally until the 3rd day of nursing. No treatment-related effects were observed at any dose levels on any of the reproductive parameters evaluated in this study. However, body weight gain was decreased in male and female offspring at the 1000 mg/kg/day dose level. No effects were noted in terms of viability, general condition, or gross observation of the offspring. Undecane mutagenicity tested negative using the Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay, with and without metabolic activation. The following genotoxicity studies were negative: Cell transformation and cotransformation with benzo(a)pyrene on Syrian hamster embryo cells, and intercellular communication on Syrian hamster embryo cells. Undecane was negative in the rec-assay with Bacillus subtilis strains M45 (rec-) and H17 (rec+).

EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays; Click on the "Chemical Explorer" button on the tool bar to see the data./[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of October 14, 2015: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

An average n-undecane concentration of 632 ng/uL was identified in an industrial wastewater survey in which samples collected between November 1, 1979 to November 1, 1981 were analyzed for organic pollutants other than Priority Pollutants(1). Effluent samples collected from three New Jersey publicly owned treatment works were found to contain concentrations ranging from 10 to 15 ppb(2). Undecane was identified but not quantified in gaseous volatiles of wastewater(3). n-Undecane was detected in the gas collection system of the Fresh Kills Landfill, New York City in the Summer of 1995 at an average concentration of 5.50 ppmv (4). n-Undecane concentrations of 10.0-16.2 and 8.5-10.8 mg/cu m have been measured in biogas produced at two waste disposal sites in Augsburg and Munich, Germany, respectively; n-undecane concentrations of 5.4-5.7 and 1.1-1.2 mg/cu m have been found in biogas emitted from sewage treatment plant effluent in Munich, Germany(5). n-Undecane was identified in the emissions of a municipal waste incineration plant in Germany at a concentration of 0.67 ug/cu m (6). In a study conducted between 1977 and 1985, n-undecane was identified as a component of coal combustion effluents(7).

n-Undecane was detected in 37 filter samples of exhaust air from the ventilating system of Elbtunnel, Hamburg, Germany, at concentrations ranging from 1.88 to 5.29 g/cu m(6). Air pollution measurements taken from the Craeybeckx highway tunnel in Antwerp, Belgium during April 1991 were found to contain n-undecane concentrations ranging from 0.046 to 0.111 g/kg(7). Data from Sept 2 1979 identified n-undecane as a gaseous emission of the vehicle traffic through the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel of the Pennsylvania Turnpike(8). Data from Aug 25 to Sept 7, 1979 showed for a speed of 80 km/hr on straight and level highway, gasoline powered vehicles emitted n-undecane at an average rate of 2.1 mg/km and diesel trucks emitted n-undecane at an average of 15.8 mg/km(9). n-Undecane emission rates of 0.91.3 and 32.26.3 mg/veh-mile were calculated for light and heavy duty vehicles, respectively, passing through the Fort McHenry Tunnel under Baltimore Harbor during June 18-24, 1992, resulting in average air concentrations for n-undecane of 0.0-37.0 ppbC(10). Based on 2004 monitoring in road tunnels in Sao Paulo, Brazil, the average n-undecane emission factor from motor vehicles was 31.6-289.7 mg/kg(11). n-Undecane was detected in motor vehicle exhaust collected in the Caldecott Tunnel, San Francisco, CA as having a mean concentration of 2.43 ppb(12). n-Undecane emitted from motor vehicle exhaust was measured at concentrations ranging between 1.2 and 3.7 ppbC in the Tuscarora Tunnel on the Pennsylvania Turnpike during September 2-8, 1992(10). Average n-undecane concentrations of 3.45 and 1.16% (by weight) were measured in a parking garage in Cairo, Egypt, after being emitted from vehicles under hot soak and cold start conditions(13).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of n-undecane can be estimated to be 2,600(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-undecane is expected to have slight mobility in soil.

Undecane is a component of gasoline. Used in organic synthesis and as a solvent for inks and as a degreaser; [HSDB]

Metal Degreasing [Category: Clean]

Petroleum research, organic synthesis, distillation chaser.

Component of gasoline

Chemical intermediate for chlorinated paraffins (C10-C30 n-paraffins), linear alkylbenzenes (C10-C14 n-paraffins), primary detergent alcohols-C11-C14 paraffins; feedstock for citric acid production by fermentation (as mixture); solvent, especially for printing inks and degreasing applications; chemical intermediate for linear secondary alcohols (former use); chemical intermediate, e.g., for random internal olefins and sulfonates.

2023: 85,000,000 - <100,000,000 lb

(1977) AT LEAST 2.27X10+10 GRAMS

(1981) 3.16X10+11 G (TOTAL, N-PARAFFINS)

Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: Undecane. National Production Volume: 50,000,000 - 100,000,000 lb/yr.

By far the largest amount of saturated hydrocarbons is obtained from the natural sources natural gas and petroleum, either by isolation, e.g., fractional distillation, or by suitable conversion reactions. Additional sources include various products derived from coal processing or biomass conversion reactions, e.g., Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Saturated hydrocarbons that are unavailable from natural sources or for laboratory purposes are produced by special synthesis or by conversion processes. /Saturated hydrocarbons/

Undecane is obtained from the refining of petroleum. Paraffins are isolated by selective adsorption followed by fractional distillation to produce the desired mix of n-paraffins.

Isolation of n-paraffins (C9-C17) from kerosene and gas oil fractions of crude oil by selective adsorption with molecular sieves or adduction with urea followed by fractional distillation to produce the desired mixture of n-paraffins.

Petrochemical Manufacturing

Undecane: ACTIVE

Undecane inhibited bacterial spore germination on certain growth media.