カルミン酸

化学的特性Cochineal extract is a concentrated solution obtained after removing alcohol from an aqueous–alcoholic extract of cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa, also called Coccus cati L.). This extract is used as a color additive, the primary colorant being carminic acid.

解説カルミン酸．サボテン類に寄生するカイガラムシCoccus cactiから単離される動物色素カルミンの成分．アントラキノン誘導体のC-グルコシド．ザクロ色の光沢ある赤色の柱状晶(メタノール)．分解点135 ℃．[α]15654＋51.6°(水)．pKa 1.59±0.20．λmax 278，311(sh)，491，540(sh)nm(log ε 4.50，4.18，3.89，3.64．メタノール)．水，エタノール，エーテル，濃硫酸，水酸化アルカリ溶液に易溶，石油エーテル，ベンゼン，クロロホルムに不溶．アルミニウムイオンやカルシウムイオンとの錯体は深紅色のレーキ顔料となる．絵の具，カラー写真，細菌の染色などに用いられる．

用途生体染色用。

来歴CI Natural Red 4(CI 75470), is a red dye occurring as a glycoside in the body of the cochineal insect Dactylopius coccus of the order Homoptera, family Coccidae. This insect is native to Central and South America. The Aztecs had extracted the dye from the insect centuries before the coming of the Spaniards. For breeding purposes, the insects were collected in the autumn and carefully protected during the winter months. Cochineal was harvested after three months, and then the bugs were killed by immersion in hot water, by placing in hot ovens, or by exposure to the hot sun. The latter method produced the highest quality dye. At present, Peru and the Canary Islands are the main source of the dye. Until the advent of synthetic dyes, the principal use for carminic acid was for dyeing tin-mordanted wool or silk. Its aluminum lake, carmine, finds use in the coloring of foods.

使用Carminic acid (C.I. 75470) For staining nuclei in histological sections. Used to prepare staining solutions. CAS 1260-17-9, pH 1.6 (10g/l, HO, 20°C).

一般的な説明Dark purplish-brown mass or bright red or dark red powder. Darkens at 248°F. Deep red color in water. Yellow to violet in acidic aqueous solutions.

使用用途カルミン酸の主成分であるコチニール色素は、菓子類や飲料、水産・畜肉加工肉等の食品に、着色剤として幅広く利用されています。コチニール色素は、動物性の色素で、耐熱性・耐光性に非常に優れています。そのため、要加熱食品や店頭に並べる際に光があたる食品にも用いやすいことが特徴です。 香料や絵の具、カラー写真、細菌の染色などにも用いられています。また、アルミニウムイオンやカルシウムイオンと錯体を形成することで、深紅色のレーキ顔料となります。 さらに、化粧品分野においても、赤色の着色を目的として、洗浄製品や洗顔料、スキンケア化粧品、ヘアスタイリング剤などにも使用可能です。

純化方法Carminic acid forms red prisms from EtOH. It gives a red colour in Ac2O and yellow to violet in acidic solution. UV: max (H2O) 500nm ( 6,800); (0.02N HCl) 490-500nm ( 5,800) and (0.0001N NaOH) 540nm ( 3,450). IR: max (Nujol) 1708s, 1693s, 1677m, 1648m, 1632m, 1606s, 1566s, 1509 cm-1. Periodate oxidation is complete after 4hours at 0o with the consumption of 6.2 mols. The tetra-O-methyl carminate has m 186-188o (yellow needles from *C6H6/pet ether). [IR: Ali & Haynes J Chem Soc 1033 1959, Bhatia & Venkataraman Indian J Chem 3 (2) 92 1965, Synthesis: Davis & Smith Biochemical Preparations 4 38 1955, Beilstein 18 III/1V 6697.]

定義本品は、天然由来色素であり、次の化学式で表される。

定義ChEBI: A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone that is that is 1,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone substituted by a methyl group at position 8, a carboxy group at position 7 and a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 2 via a C-gly osidic linkage. It is a natural dye isolated from several insects such as Dactylopius coccus.