2,4-D-プロピレングリコールブチルエーテルステル

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U240, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /2,4-D acid, salts and esters/

Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Landfill: Recommendable method: Incineration. Not recommendable method: Discharge to sewer. Peer-review: Incinerate at high temp or PCDDs may be formed. /2,4-D/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for 2,4-D and related herbicides: Concentration process: Resin adsorption. /2,4-D and related herbicides/

Smoking, eating, and drinking before washing should be absolutely prohibited when any pesticide ... is being handled or used. /Pesticides/

/When/ cleaning glassware and spray equipment: wash thoroughly with water and detergent soln. Alcohol or ketone type solvents may be used with ester formulations. Preferably, equipment should not be used for application of other pesticides or fertilizers. /2,4-D herbicides/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

8 Hr Time-Weighted Avg (TWA): 10 mg/cu m. /2,4-D/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /2,4-D/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /2,4-D/

Cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) were treated with six different paired mixtures of dicamba, picloram, 2,4-D butyl ester, 2,4-D isooctyl ester, and 2,4-D propylene glycol butyl ether ester. Except for 2,4-D isooctyl ester, the LC50's resulting from mixtures of 2,4-D esters and picloram were lower than LC50's of those herbicides tested individually. Dicamba and 2,4-D isooctyl ester were the least toxic individually and mixtures of dicamba or 2,4-D isooctyl ester with the other herbicides tested did not result in increased toxicity. Results reflect the importance of using combination exposures in determining the biological significance of the simultaneous occurrence of more than one herbicide in surface waters.

LC50 Simocephalus serrulatus (daphnids) first instar 4.9 (95% confidence interval 4.0-6.7) mg/l/96 hr at 15 °C /pH not specified; static bioassay/

LC50 Gammarus fasciatus (scuds) mature 2.9 (95% confidence interval 1.7-4.7) mg/l/96 hr at 15 °C /pH not specified; static bioassay/

LC50 Palaemonetes kadiakensis (grass shrimp) mature 0.4 (95% confidence interval 0.09-1.4) mg/l/96 hr at 21 °C, water hardness 272 ppm CaCO3 /pH not specified; static bioassay/

LC50 Pteronarcys californica (stoneflies) second yr class 2.6 (95% confidence interval 1.8-3.8) mg/l/96 hr at 10 °C; water hardness 272 ppm CaCO3 /pH not specified; static bioassay/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2,4-D, PROPYLENE GLYCOL BUTYL ETHER ESTER (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: The propylene glycol butyl ether ester on application to the surface of a California Etowah silt loam leached downwards, so that for 14 days residues were observed only at 0 to 1 cm soil depth. After 14 days, the herbicides had descended to the 1 to 15 cm zone, with none in the 0 to 1 cm band. The residues thereafter were degraded or leached over 7 month.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: 2,4-D, its salts and esters are systemic herbicides, widely used for weed control in cereals and other crops at 0.28 to 2.3 kg/ha, the highest rate persisting in soil about 30 days. /2,4-D/

Various amounts of 2,4-D products applied to a target area may be distributed in the general environment, within a few hours or days, by the movements of air, water, or soil, particularly during periods of rain, high winds, or high temperature. Persistence or accumulation of 2,4-D residues from normal use is occasionally possible, mainly under dry or cold conditions where there is little biological activity. /2,4-D products/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: From limited data available, it may be concluded that any phenoxy herbicide, whether applied as ester ... formulations, may be chemically transformed to the same phenoxyalkanoic anion in soil and water at rates dependent on pH. These anions would presumably reassociate with a variety of inorganic cations present in the soil to maintain electrical neutrality, and then undergo leaching and biological degradation. /Phenoxy esters/

Because dermal absorption is an important route of exposure to chlorophenoxy herbicides, biological monitoring is useful in estimating the absorbed dose. Urine concn provide the most accurate estimate of body burden; because of slow absorption, it is best to collect samples after a few days of exposure. /Chlorophenoxy herbicides/

Same day analyses of air in the breathing zone of the ground crew after two 1-day aerial forest spraying of a 2,4-D propylene glycol butyl ether ester emulsion in water showed a mean 2,4-D concentration of < 0.00001 mg/cu m. One flagman was recorded as being exposed to 0.1 mg/cu m.

RESIDUES OF 2,4-D WERE OBSERVED IN AIR IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN DURING THE 1966-8 AND 1970-5 SPRAYING SEASONS. UP TO HALF OF THE DAILY SAMPLES CONTAINED 2,4-D, WITH BUTYL ESTERS BEING PRESENT MOST FREQUENTLY. DAILY MEAN CONCN OF 2,4-D ESTERS WAS 0.05-0.59 UG/CU M FOR THE ISOOCTYL ESTERS.

RURAL/REMOTE: 2,4-D, propylene glycol ether ester was detected in the air samples from seven agricultural sites in south-central Washington State at a cumulative average concentration of 0 to 0.07 ug/cu m, sampled in May and June of 1973 and 0.01 to 0.09 ug/cu m in April, May, and June of 1974(1). On average, it was one of the predominant low volatile 2,4-D formulations detected(1).

IN THREE HUMAN BEINGS, ABSORPTION OF AN UNSPECIFIED ESTER OF DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID THROUGH SKIN CAUSED POLYNEURITIS, BUT WITH NO DISTURBANCE OF EYES OR VISION. /2,4-D ESTER/

SUBJECTIVE CLINICAL SYMPTOMS REPORTED AMONG WORKERS USING VARIOUS ESTERS & SALTS OF 2,4-D INCL RAPID FATIGUE, HEADACHE, LOSS OF APPETITE & PAIN IN THE REGION OF THE LIVER & STOMACH. SENSITIVITY TO TASTE & SMELL WAS LOWERED. /2,4-D ESTERS AND SALTS/

The chlorophenoxy herbicides have produced contact dermatitis in man ... /Chlorophenoxy compounds/

IN THE BODY, THE ... ESTERS OF CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUNDS ARE HYDROLYZED FAIRLY RAPIDLY SO THAT THE MAMMALIAN TOXICITY OF EACH COMPOUND DEPENDS MAINLY ON THE ACID INVOLVED. /CHLOROPHENOXY HERBICIDES/

2,4-D esters are known to be rapidly hydrolyzed by plants /to the free acid/. /Commercial 2,4-D formulations/

2,4-D and its derivatives are fairly rapidly broken down by biological action. /2,4-D derivatives/

The volatilization and soil dissipation rates of the propylene glycol butyl ether esters of 2,4-D and other pesticides from fallow soil in microagroecosystem chambers were compared. Volatilization rates of surface-applied pesticides depended upon the vapor pressure of the pesticide. Changes in volatilization rates immediately after application were nearly the same (about 8 hr to decline by half) for all pesticides.

THE CHRONIC EFFECTS OF A SINGLE APPLICATION OF 10 PPM 2,4-D PROPYLENE GLYCOL BUTYL ETHER ESTER IN A POND OF BLUEGILL FISH SHOWED ACUTE MORTALITY OCCURRED TO 18.7% OF POPULATION BETWEEN POST TREATMENT DAYS OF 2-7. SLIGHT ACUTE MORTALITY OCCURRED IN 5 PPM POND. BODY RESIDUES WERE FOUND IN 10- & 5-PPM EXPOSED FISH. IN PONDS TREATED WITH 10 & 5 PPM, BLUEGILL SPAWNING WAS DELAYED FOR 2 WK COMPARED TO CONTROLS, & DEMONSTRABLE LESIONS WERE FOUND 24 HR AFTER EXPOSURE. FISH EXPOSED TO 1 PPM ALSO SHOWED WELL-MARKED LESIONS IN LIVER, AS DID AN OCCASIONAL FISH @ 0.1 PPM.

THE PROPYLENE GLYCOL BUTYL ETHER ESTER OF 2,4-D SHOWED A WIDE RANGE OF TOXICITY FOR CRUSTACEANS: 48-HR TL50 OF 0.10 MG/L (DAPHNIA) TO NO EVIDENT EFFECT @ 100 MG/L (ORCONECTES).

Mutagenic effects: Studies available at present are not adequate for the quantitive evaluation of the mutagenic effects of 2,4-D and its derivatives in short-term tests. However, the evidence does not suggest that 2,4-D derivatives are potent mutagens. /2,4-D and its derivatives/

Pathologic changes in exptl animals killed by the chlorophenoxy compounds are generally nonspecific with irritation of stomach & some liver & kidney injury. /Chlorophenoxy compounds/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2,4-D, PROPYLENE GLYCOL BUTYL ETHER ESTER (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /2,4-D/

Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: limited; overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 2B: The agent is possibly carcinogenic to humans. /SRP: The older literature indicated that these compounds were carcinogenic. It was discovered that this was due to contamination, including dioxin./ /Chlorophenoxy herbicides; From table/

D016; A solid waste containing 2,4-D (such as 2,4-D, propylene glycol butyl ether ester) may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

U240; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 2,4-D acid, salts & esters as commercial chemical products or manufacturing chemical intermediates or off-specification commercial chemical products or manufacturing chemical intermediates, become wastes, they must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). /2,4-D, salts and esters/

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Propylene glycol butyl ether 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0073; Pesticide type: Fungicide, Herbicide (Growth Regulator); Registration Standard Date: 09/01/88; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Propylene glycol butyl ether 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products. Thus, we characterize it as "cancelled."

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. 2,4-D Propylene glycol butyl ether ester is included on this list.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /2,4-D, salts and esters/

2,4-D ester is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. /2,4-D ester/

(AL) ALABAMA 70 ug/l /2,4-D/

(AZ) ARIZONA 100 ug/l /2,4-D/

(IL) ILLINOIS 10 ug/l

(NY) 50 ug/l

(AZ) ARIZONA 70 ug/l /2,4-D/

(MN) MINNESOTA 70 ug/l /2,4-D/