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基本情報
- CAS
1867-66-9- 標準SMILES
CNC1(c2ccccc2Cl)CCCCC1=O.Cl- InChIKey
VCMGMSHEPQENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N- 分子式
- C13H17Cl2NO
- 平均分子量
- 274.18 g/mol
- 単同位体質量
- 273.06871952
概要
Ketamine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a synthetic derivative of cyclohexanone with analgesic and anesthetic activities. Although its mechanism of action is not well understood, ketamine appears to non-competitively block N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and may interact with opioid mu receptors and sigma receptors, thereby reducing pain perception, inducing sedation, and producing dissociative anesthesia.
名称と識別子
- 優先名称
- Ketamine Hydrochloride
- IUPAC
- 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one;hydrochloride
名称と別名
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE1867-66-9VetalarKetavetKETAMINE HCL2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone hydrochlorideCL 369(+-)-Ketamine hydrochlorideCN-52,372-2Ketamine hydrochloride ciiiKetamine (as hydrochloride)CI-581
名称をさらに表示
O18YUO0I83DTXSID4040137Ketamini hydrochloridumCL-369(+-)-2-(o-Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone hydrochlorideCN-523722CN-52372-2Cyclohexanone, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-, hydrochloride
データベース識別子
- CAS
1867-66-9- PubChem CID
- 15851
- DTXSID
DTXSID4040137- ChEMBL
CHEMBL1714- UNII
- O18YUO0I83
- EC Number
- 217-484-6
物性
構造計算による物性補完中
- 極性表面積
- 29.1 Ų
- 水素結合供与体数
- 2
- 水素結合受容体数
- 2
- 回転可能結合数
- 2
- 重原子数
- 17
- 形式電荷
- 0
- 複雑度
- 269
実験および物理化学的性質
Human Drugs
FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient
FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient
Animal DrugsActive Ingredients (Ketamine Hydrochloride) -> FDA Greenbook
安全と法規制
GHS分類
GHS Classification
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.1% (1 of 90) of reports.
Warning
H302 (96.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 90 reports by companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
危険有害性情報
Regulatory Information
Status: Active Update: 25-06-2015 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/11308
Ketamine hydrochloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard
Other Safety InformationIMAP assessments - Cyclohexanone, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-, hydrochloride, (.+-.)-: Environment tier I assessment
Hazard Classes and CategoriesAcute Tox. 4 (96.7%)
毒性情報
TreatmentSupportive ventilation should be employed. Mechanical support of respiration is preferred to administration of analeptics. (L1712)
Health EffectsChronic use of ketamine may lead to cognitive impairments including memory problems. [Wikipedia]
Exposure RoutesRapidly absorbed following parenteral administration.
Toxicity Summary
Ketamine has several clinically useful properties, including analgesia and less cardiorespiratory depressant effects than other anaesthetic agents, it also causes some stimulation of the cardiocascular system. Ketamine has been reported to produce general as well as local anaesthesia. It interacts with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, opioid receptors, monoaminergic receptors, muscarinic receptors and voltage sensitive Ca ion channels. Unlike other general anaesthetic agents, ketamine does not interact with GABA receptors.
Signs and SymptomsKetamine has a wide range of effects in humans, including analgesia, anesthesia, hallucinations, elevated blood pressure, and bronchodilation.[Wikipedia]
Carcinogen ClassificationNo indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Drug Induced Liver Injury
Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)
Ketamine hydrochloride
vLess-DILI-concern
0
No match
DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
化学と産業
薬理情報
Metabolism/MetabolitesHepatic.
Half Life: 2.5-3 hours.
FDA Pharmacological Classification
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
General Anesthetic [EPC]; General Anesthesia [PE]
MeSH Pharmacological Classification
Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.
Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)
Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists.
用途と製造
Uses
Ketamine is primarily used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, usually in combination with some sedative drug. Other uses include sedation in intensive care, analgesia (particularly in emergency medicine), and treatment of bronchospasm. It is also a popular anesthetic in veterinary medicine. [Wikipedia] For use as the sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation.
Use ClassificationAnimal Drugs -> FDA Approved Animal Drug Products (Green Book) -> Active Ingredients
関連反応
2 件
化合物ノート
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