Butoxyethanol ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Do not store near fertilizers, seeds, insecticides, or fungicides.

Storage temp: Ambient /2,4-D esters/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U240, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /2,4-D, salts and esters/

Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Landfill: Recommendable method: Incineration. Not recommendable method: Discharge to sewer. Peer-review: Incinerate at high temp or PCDDs may be formed. /2,4-D/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for 2,4-D and related herbicides: Concentration process: Resin adsorption. /2,4-D and related herbicides/

Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Avoid inhalation. /2,4-D pesticides/

Read label before applying. Do not contaminate irrigation ditches or water used for domestic purposes. ... Do not allow chemical to be applied to adjacent shoreline vegetation. Do not reuse empty container. ... Do not burn /empty container/. /2,4-D pesticides/

Smoking, eating, and drinking before washing should be absolutely prohibited when any pesticide ... is being handled or used. /Pesticides/

/When/ cleaning glassware and spray equipment: wash thoroughly with water and detergent soln. Alcohol or ketone type solvents may be used with ester formulations. Preferably, equipment should not be used for application of other pesticides or fertilizers. /2,4-D ester formulations/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide, plant regulator, and fungicide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) in or on raw agricultural commodities as follows: apples: 5 ppm; apricots: 5 ppm; citrus fruits: 5 ppm; pears: 5 ppm; potatoes: 0.2 ppm; and quinces: 5 ppm. /2,4-D/

The tolerance on apricots /5 ppm/ also includes residues of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) from the preharvest application of 2,4-D dimethylamine salt to apricots. /2,4-D/

The tolerances on citrus fruits /5 ppm/ also includes residues of 2,4-D from the preharvest application of 2,4-D isopropyl ester and 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester and from the postharvest application of 2,4-D alkanolamine salts and 2,4-D isopropyl ester to citrus fruits. /2,4-D/

Tolerances are established for residues of 2,4-D at: barley, grain: 0.5 ppm; blueberries: 0.1 ppm; corn, fodder: 20 ppm; corn, forage: 20 ppm; corn, fresh, sweet (kernel plus cob with husk removed): 0.5 ppm; corn, grain: 0.5 ppm; cranberries: 0.5 ppm; grapes: 0.5 ppm; grass hay: 300 ppm; grasses, pasture: 1,000 ppm; grasses, rangeland: 1,000 ppm; millet, forage: 20 ppm; millet, grain: 0.5 ppm; millet, straw: 20 ppm; nuts: 0.2 ppm; oats, forage: 20 ppm; oats, grain: 0.5 ppm; pistachios: 0.2 ppm; rice: 0.1 ppm; rice, straw: 20 ppm; rye, forage: 20 ppm; rye, grain: 0.5 ppm: sorghum, fodder: 20 ppm; sorghum, forage: 20 ppm; sorghum, grain: 0.5 ppm; stone fruits: 0.2 ppm; sugarcane: 2 ppm; sugarcane, forage: 20 ppm; wheat, forage: 20 ppm; and wheat, grain: 0.5 ppm. /2,4-D/

For more Allowable Tolerances (Complete) data for 2,4-D BUTOXYETHYL ESTER (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

8 Hr Time-Weighted Avg (TWA): 10 mg/cu m. /2,4-D/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /2,4-D/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /2,4-D/

The mean concentrations of 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester in personal air samples of residents of Jacksonville, FL in spring 1987 and winter 1988 were 0 and 3.5 ng/cu m, respectively(1); in Springfield/Chicopee, MA in spring 1987 and winter 1988 the mean concentrations were 0 and 0 ng/cu m, respectively(1).

LC50 Gammarus lacustris (scud) 440 ug/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Gammarus fasciatus (scud) 5900 ug/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Daphnia magna (water flea) 5600 ug/l/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Cypridopsis vidua (seed shrimp) 1800 ug/l/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2,4-D BUTOXYETHYL ESTER (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Various amounts of 2,4-D products applied to a target area may be distributed in the general environment, within a few hours or days, by the movements of air, water, or soil, particularly during periods of rain, high winds, or high temperature. Persistence or accumulation of 2,4-D residues from normal use is occasionally possible, mainly under dry or cold conditions where there is little biological activity. /2,4-D products/

AQUATIC FATE: Persistence in aquatic systems depends on the water type, organic particulate matter, rain, sunlight, temperature, microbial degradation, volatilization, and oxygen content of the water. Accumulation in bottom sediments may also be a factor, but in general, not for the phenoxys. Microbial activity is the major means for detoxification of the phenoxys in soils, but is relatively unimportant in natural waters, but dominates in bottom mud sediments and in sludge.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: From limited data available, it may be concluded that any phenoxy herbicide, whether applied as ester ... formulations, may be chemically transformed to the same phenoxyalkanoic anion in soil and water at rates dependent on pH. These anions would presumably reassociate with a variety of inorganic cations present in the soil to maintain electrical neutrality, and then undergo leaching and biological degradation. /Phenoxy esters/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,100(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 12 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,4-D butoxyethyl ether from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 4.5X10-6 mm Hg(4), and water solubility(2). 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a its vapor pressure(4). Half-lives obtained from batch cultures of grab samples using periphyton ecosystems taken from 4 field sites ranged from 0.4 to 3 hr(5), indicating that biodegradation in soil may be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

For more Environmental Fate (Complete) data for 2,4-D BUTOXYETHYL ESTER (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Because dermal absorption is an important route of exposure to chlorophenoxy herbicides, biological monitoring is useful in estimating the absorbed dose. Urine concn provide the most accurate estimate of body burden; because of slow absorption, it is best to collect samples after a few days of exposure. /Chlorophenoxy herbicides/

The Koc of 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester is estimated as 1,100(SRC), using a water solubility of 12 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,4-D butoxyethyl ether is expected to have low mobility in soil.

South Central Washington (8 sites): ranges of daily 24-hr monitoring were 30-90 and 0-30 ng/cu m for aerosols and vapor phase forms of 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester, respectively, in May - June 1973 and 20-70 and 0-780 ng/cu m for aerosol and vapor phase forms, respectively, in April - June 1974(1). Reults from the National Air Pesticides Monitoring Program which covered selected areas in 14-16 states during 1970-72 were: 2497 samples, 10.53% were positive with 4.1, 33.2, and 205.2 ng/cu m being the mean, mean of positives, and maximum values, respectively(2). All 16 states surveyed had detectable levels of 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester in one or more of the years(2).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: The mean concentrations of 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester in Jacksonville, FL in spring 1987 and winter 1988 were 0 and 8 ng/cu m, respectively(1). The average daily concentration for Jacksonville was 1.1 ng/cu m(1). The mean concentrations of 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester in Springfield/Chicopee, MA in spring 1987 and winter 1988 were 0 and 0 ng/cu m, respectively(1).

INDOOR: The mean concentrations of 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester in Jacksonville, FL in spring 1987 and winter 1988 were 0 and 2.5 ng/cu m, respectively(1). The mean concentrations of 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester in Springfield/Chicopee, MA in spring 1987 and winter 1988 were 2.1 and 0 ng/cu m, respectively(1).

IN THREE HUMAN BEINGS, ABSORPTION OF AN UNSPECIFIED ESTER OF DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID THROUGH SKIN CAUSED POLYNEURITIS, BUT WITH NO DISTURBANCE OF EYES OR VISION. /2,4-D ESTER/

SUBJECTIVE CLINICAL SYMPTOMS REPORTED AMONG WORKERS USING VARIOUS ESTERS & SALTS OF 2,4-D INCL RAPID FATIGUE, HEADACHE, LOSS OF APPETITE & PAIN IN THE REGION OF THE LIVER & STOMACH. SENSITIVITY TO TASTE & SMELL WAS LOWERED. /2,4-D ESTERS AND SALTS/

The chlorophenoxy herbicides have produced contact dermatitis in man ... /Chlorophenoxy compounds/

IN THE BODY, THE ... ESTERS OF CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUNDS ARE HYDROLYZED FAIRLY RAPIDLY SO THAT THE MAMMALIAN TOXICITY OF EACH COMPOUND DEPENDS MAINLY ON THE ACID INVOLVED. /CHLOROPHENOXY HERBICIDES/

2,4-D and its derivatives are fairly rapidly broken down by biological action. /2,4-D derivatives/

The mean biodegradation second-order rate constant for 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester as determined in water samples from 31 sites around the USA was 5.4X10-10 l/organism-hr, with the coefficient of variation < 65% over the sites(1). The half-life of the ester in a lake in northern Georgia during the summer was approximately 5 hr(1). The reaction pathway involves an initial hydrolysis to the free acid, 2,4-D(1). Half-lives determined in waters from 7 sites in western Washington ranged from 1.7 to 23 hr(4). Most of the variability in rates were due to differences in the microbial populations at different sites(4). The second-order rate contants ranged from 3.0X10-7 to 8.5X10-9 l/organism-hr but fell into two groups; the average rate in one group was an order of magnitude higher than the other, probably due to difference in the nature of microorganisms(4). Biodegradation half-lives measured for aufwuch colonies, microbial communities forming on surfaces, that were allowed to develop on teflon strips at four sampling sites (river surface, river bottom, pond surface, and pond bottom) ranged from 1 to 3.4 hr but decreased to as little as 38 min when the colonies were suspended(2). The second-order rate coefficients used to predict these rates were based on the ratio of colonized surface area to container volume and was approximately 17-22 l/sq m-hr in one experiment(3,5). Half-lives obtained from batch cultures of grab samples taken from 4 field sites on various dates ranged from 0.4 to 3 hr(3). The degradation rate by aufwuch colonies increases with mixing speed since the mass transport of the chemical to the surface is a controlling factor; and biotransformation rates are more detectable in quiescent waters than in faster flowing waters(5,6). During the course of these experiments it was shown that the 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester was rapidly transformed by fungi and green and blue-green algae(3).

AEROBIC: Seasonal effects on microbial transformation rates of 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester, in a freshwater stream were investigated using low concentrations (less than 100 ug/l) of the herbicide. Although water temperatures decreased from 22 to 8.0 °C and water velocities decreased from 0.09 to 0.03 m/sec, microbial transformation rates increased by as much as threefold in the cold months over those in the spring and summer. The increased winter transformation rates were associated with leaf-litter accumulation, which provided additional colonized surface area in the stream. Therefore, the increased colonized surface area more than compensated for the effects of temperature and water velocity (under conditions of mass-transport limitation) that otherwise would have reduced microbial transformation rates in the winter months(1). 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester was extensively lost when incubated in small scale algal cultures ranging from 47% loss for a Chorella sp. to 87% loss for a Carteria sp. relative to control experimental(2). A mean second-order microbial transformation rate constant of 5.4X10-10 L/org/hr was reported using grab samples from aquatic systems from across the continental US and incubated for 48 hrs at a mean temperature of 19.5 °C(3). Measured half-lives from field studies conducted in Georgia were 0.0045, 0.13, 0.12, 0.26, and 1.2 1/day at High Shoals (granite-bottom stream completely covered with periphyton; water velocity 3,200 m/hr), Skidaway Creek (sand-bottom stream partially covered with a filamentous biofilm; water velocity 98 m/hr), Corkscrew Pump Station (peat-bottom swamp; water velocity 35 m/hr), Orange River (sand-bottom stream completely covered with periphyton; water velocity 11 m/hr), and the Okefenokee Canal (peat-bottom swamp; water velocity 3.3 m/hr), respectively(4).

D016; A solid waste containing 2,4-D (such as 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester) may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

U240; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 2,4-D acid, salts & esters as commercial chemical products or manufacturing chemical intermediates or off-specification commercial chemical products or manufacturing chemical intermediates, become wastes, they must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). /2,4-D, salts and esters/

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Butoxyethyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0073; Pesticide type: Fungicide, Herbicide (Growth Regulator); Registration Standard Date: 09/01/88; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Butoxyethyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 03/03/95, 10/13/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

The tolerance on apricots also includes residues of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) from the preharvest application of 2,4-D dimethylamine salt to apricots. /2,4-D/

The tolerances on citrus fruits also includes residues of 2,4-D from the preharvest application of 2,4-D isopropyl ester and 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester and from the postharvest application of 2,4-D alkanolamine salts and 2,4-D isopropyl ester to citrus fruits. /2,4-D/

Tolerances are established for residues of 2,4-D at: barley, grain; blueberries; corn, fodder; corn, forage; corn, fresh, sweet (kernel plus cob with husk removed); corn, grain; cranberries; grapes; grass hay; grasses, pasture; grasses, rangeland; millet, forage; millet, grain; millet, straw; nuts; oats, forage; oats, grain; pistachios; rice; rice, straw; rye, forage; rye, grain: sorghum, fodder; sorghum, forage; sorghum, grain; stone fruits; sugarcane; sugarcane, forage; wheat, forage; and wheat, grain. /2,4-D/

For more FIFRA Requirements (Complete) data for 2,4-D BUTOXYETHYL ESTER (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. 2,4-D Butoxyethyl ester is included on this list.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /2,4-D, salts and esters/

2,4-D ester is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. /2,4-D ester/

(IL) ILLINOIS 10 ug/l

(NY) 50 ug/l

(AZ) ARIZONA 70 ug/l /2,4-D/

(MN) MINNESOTA 70 ug/l /2,4-D/