ジチオりん酸O,O-ジエチルS-(N-イソプロピルカルバモイルメチル)

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, n.o.s.) Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

Fire Extinguishing: Poisonous gases including nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, phosphorus oxides are produced in fire. This material may burn, but does not ignite readily. For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. In fighting fires, stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. In fighting fires, stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156.

Storage: Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area. Where possible, automatically transfer material from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where this chemical is handled, used, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Wherever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.

...Must be stored in its sealed original containers, in well-aired, fresh & dry storehouses or in shaded & possibly well-aired places. It is recommended that the product's temp...not exceed 25-30 °C, and keep...away from sources of heat, free flames or spark-generating equipment. Containers must be stacked in such a way as to permit free circulation of air...at bottom & inside of piles. Storage areas must be located at suitable distance from inhabited buildings, animal shelters, & food stores; moreover, they must be inaccessible to unauthorized persons, children, & domestic animals.

Rooms used for storage only should be soundly constructed & fitted with secure locks. Floors should be kept clear & pesticides clearly identified. If repacking is carried out in storage rooms, adequate light should be available; floors should be impervious & sound ... . /Pesticides/

Pesticides containers must be provided with labels indicating the degree of toxicity of the product they contain. The labels must not only give a short description of how to use the prepn, but also state basic precautions to be taken when applying it. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Pesticides of any degree of toxicity should be transported in containers which are clearly labelled, leak-proof, and not easily damaged. They should never be transported /or stored/ beside, or above any type of food, and all spillages should be immediately reported. /Pesticides/

Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Small spills: take up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. Small dry spills: with clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover; move containers from spill area. Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. Keep this chemical out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable.

Environmental considerations- land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

Environmental considerations- water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

Environmental considerations- air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

Disposal Method Suggested: In accordance with 40CFR165 recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers, must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your state pesticide or environmental control agency or by contacting your regional EPA office.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

All organic pesticides, whether of botanical or synthetic origin, can be destroyed by incineration. /Organic pesticides/

Manufacturers or formulators of very large amounts of pesticides may find it advantageous to build incinerators adequate to destroy all organic pesticides and equipped with scrubbers to remove acid wastes. /Organic pesticides/

Personal Protective Methods: Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing material for your operation. All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash.

In some situations where personnel may become accidently contaminated ... it is necessary to provide shower bath in addition to the usual washing facilities. Special arrangements for cleaning clothing & overalls may be necessary ... /Pesticides/

Special aircraft should preferably be used for spraying or dusting toxic organophosphorus pesticides. ... aerial spraying or dusting gives rise to clouds which spread over larger surfaces than clouds produced by ground application. Aerial spraying should therefore be carried out on windless days only. Residential areas, water supply sources, etc must be avoided. ... When aircraft approaches, signalmen /guiding the aircraft/ should leave the windward side. ... The local population should be informed about the site & time of aerial pesticide treatment. Access of unauthorized persons & especially children to the area to be treated must be ... forbidden. Warning signs should be placed at the limits of the area. Ground spraying must be carried out with compressed-air spraying equipment towed by tractors with closed cabs. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Small packages of pesticides are preferable for individual application in order to limit the quantities to be weighed & metered. A special vessel with long stirring rod for dilution & suspension of the poison must be available in order to reduce manual handling to a minimum. The strict observance of hygiene rules--no smoking & no food intake during work. Thorough washing with soap after work, changing protective clothing before going home--is of utmost importance. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for TRIMETHOATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

0.15 [mg/m3]

1.7 [mg/m3]

7.3 [mg/m3]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus compounds/

Respirator Selection: Where the potential for exposure to this chemical, use a NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode, or use a NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

Some phenothiazines may antagonize & some may potentiate the toxic anticholinesterase effects of ... /organophosphorus insecticides/. /Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors/

In long term therapy, adrenocorticoids antagonize the antiglaucoma effects of anticholinesterases (incr ocular pressure). ... Anticholinergics antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & other muscarinic effects of anticholinesterases on the autonomic & central nervous systems. Tricyclic antidepressants (anticholinergic effects) antagonize the antiglaucoma (miotic) effects of anticholinesterases in glaucoma. ... Antihistamines with anticholinergic effects antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & CNS effects of anticholinesterases. Anticholinesterases potentiate tranquilizing & behavioral changes induced by antihistamines. The actions of anticholinesterase agents on autonomic effector cells, & to some extent those on CNS, are antagonized by atropine, an antidote of choice. Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. ... Dexpanthenol potentiates the effects of anticholinesterases. Fluorophosphate insecticides potentiate the effects of other anticholinesterases. /Anticholinesterases/

Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. Although barbiturates may be used cautiously in treating convulsions, extreme care is essential in handling poisonings due to anticholinesterases, particularly organophosphorus pesticides. Echothiophate, a cholinesterase inhibitor used as miotic, potentiates other such inhibitors ... Used for other purposes (additive effects) or possibly synergistic. Those exposed to organophosphate insecticides must take strict precautions. ... Organophosphorus insecticides: additive anticholinesterase effects. Hazardous. Patients on anticholinesterases (even topical, such as eye drops) should avoid areas where organophosphorus insecticides ../were/ .recently ...used. /Anticholinesterase/

Anticholinesterase (organophosphorus) insecticides antagonize polarizing muscle relaxants. Phenothiazines /and thioxanthenes/: ... May enhance toxic effects of organophosphorus insecticides. /Insecticides, organophosphorus/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 240(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trimethoate is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of trimethoate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.6X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Trimethoate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9.75X10-5 mm Hg(4). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2007).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 240(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that trimethoate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.6X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 9(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.17(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2007).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), trimethoate, which has a vapor pressure of 9.75X10-5 mm Hg at 40 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase trimethoate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase trimethoate may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Trimethoate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

Workers handling and applying pesticides must undergo an annual medical examination at the beginning of each agricultural season. Contraindications /meaning further clinical evaluations/ for work with /organophosphorus pesticides/ are organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders and epilepsy, pronounced endocrine and vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver and kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis). The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should /be protected from exposure from/ pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Before employment and at regular times after that, the following are recommended: Plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase levels (tests for the enzyme poisoned by this chemical). If exposure stops, plasma levels return to normal in 1-2 weeks while red blood cell levels may be reduced for 1-3 months. When cholinesterase enzyme levels are reduced by 25% or more below preemployment levels, risk of poisoning is increased, even if results are in lower ranges of "normal." Reassignment to work not involving organophosphate or carbamate pesticides is recommended until enzyme levels recover. If symptoms develop or overexposure occurs, repeat the above tests as soon as possible and get an exam of the nervous system. Also consider complete blood count. Consider chest x-ray following acute overexposure. Do not drink any alcoholic beverages before or during use. Alcohol promotes absorption of organic phosphates.

A final diagnosis of mild to moderate acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning is rarely justified unless all of the following five conditions are present: 1. A definite history of exposure to an organophosphate pesticide. 2. A latent interval of not more than a few hours between that last exposure and the onset of illness. 3. A clinical picture in which most or all of the following signs or symptoms are present: headache, blurred vision, weakness, tightness in chest, and constricted pupils. 4. Reduction of plasma and RBC cholinesterase activity to a level substantially below 50% of baseline values. Because of the wide normal range of RBC cholinesterase in the population, symptoms may be present with reported "normal" levels. 5. An acute illness that is not substantially longer than 48 hours. The classic presentation for acute organophosphate toxicity includes history, evidence of exposure to organophosphate (garlic odor), signs/symptoms of cholinergic excess, improvement with atropine or pralidoxime, and inhibition of cholinesterase in blood. /Organophosphate pesticide poisoning/

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of trimethoate can be estimated to be 240(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that trimethoate is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Short Term Exposure: This is a highly toxic material capable of causing death or permanent injury due to exposures during normal use. Small doses at frequent intervals are additive. Similar to parathion. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, excessive salivation, headache, giddiness, dizziness, weakness, muscle twitching, difficult breathing, blurring or dimness of vision, and loss of muscle coordination. Death may occur from failure of the respiratory center, paralysis of the respiratory muscles, intense bronchoconstriction, or all three.[Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, 2002., p. 1983]

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: 1. Nausea...vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, excessive salivation... 2. Headache, giddiness, vertigo and weakness. 3. Rhinorrhea and sensation of tightness in chest are common in inhalation exposure. 4. Blurring or dimness of vision, miosis... tearing, ciliary muscle spasm, loss of accommodation and ocular pain... mydriasis...sometimes seen...probably due to sympatho-adrenal discharge. 5. Loss of muscle coordination, slurring of speech, fasciculations and twitching of muscles (particularly of tongue and eyelids), and generalized profound weakness. 6. Mental confusion, disorientation and drowsiness. 7. Difficulty in breathing, excessive secretion of saliva and of respiratory tract mucus, oronasal frothing, cyanosis, pulmonary rales and rhonchi and hypertension, (presumably due to asphyxia). 8. Random jerky movements, incontinence, convulsions, and coma. 9. Death primarily due to respiratory arrest arising from failure of respiratory center, paralysis of respiratory muscles, intense bronchoconstriction or all three. /Parathion/[Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976., p. III-266]

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Summary toxicity statement: High via oral and dermal routes. High: capable of causing death or permanent injury due to exposures of normal use; incapacitating and poisonous; requires special handling.[Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 5th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Rheinhold, 1979., p. 695]

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Dangerous chronic dose in man: Exposure... reduces cholinesterase... remains susceptible to relatively low doses... until cholinesterase level has regenerated. Small doses at frequent intervals are... additive... when recovery... is entirely complete, exposed organism is /not/ prejudiced... /Parathion/[Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 5th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Rheinhold, 1979., p. 695]

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for TRIMETHOATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

An estimated BCF of 9 was calculated in fish for trimethoate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.17(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for trimethoate is estimated as 6.6X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that trimethoate is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Trimethoate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9.75X10-5 mm Hg(3).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In 90 day feeding trials the highest rate producing no effects was: for rats 0.5 mg/kg/day; for mice 1 mg/kg/day.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ In adult cattle the minimum toxic oral dose of organophosphate pesticides varies from 1 to 125 mg/kg; the minimum toxic dermal concentration varies from 0.5 to 3%, but these figures are not sacred. The literature is not complete with regard to animal toxicity of organophosphates; even if it were, toxicity values would not be reliable because of the number of factors that influence toxicity of these chemicals under different conditions of use. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Biologic factors also influence toxicity of organophosphates. Species is very important here. ... Age of the animal is another biologic factor that alters toxicity of organophosphate pesticides. Compounds that do not require enzymatic activation are more toxic in very young animals in which the enzymes of pesticide degradation are deficient. Compounds that require enzymatic activation are not so toxic for very young animals because the enzymes of activation are deficient during the early weeks of life. Sex of the animals can also alter toxicity of organophosphates ... . /Organophosphate pesticides/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Muscarinic signs of /organophosphorus compounds/...consist of hypersalivation, lacrimation, sweating and nasal discharge. Miosis, dyspnea, vomiting, diarrhea and frequency of urination... Nicotinic effects consist of fasciculation of muscles, weakness and paralysis. Central effects /of organophosphorus compounds/...nervousness, apprehension, ataxia, convulsions and coma. Death...due to respiratory failure, or...cardiac arrest. There is little difference betweeen symptoms produced by different...compounds, but route of absorption may influence one system more than another. /Organophosphorus compounds/

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Trimethoate is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 100 or 10,000 lbs. Extremely hazardous substances that are solids are subject to either of two threshold planning quantities ... The lower quantity applies only if the solid exists in powdered form and has a particle size less than 100 microns; or is handled in solution or in molten form; or meets the criteria for a National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) rating of 2, 3 or 4 for reactivity. If the solid does not meet any of these criteria, it is subject to the upper ... threshold planning quantity ... .

Used as systemic acaricide and insecticide; Likely discontinued for pesticide use worldwide; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

Systemic acaricide and insecticide /former/

...By interaction of sodium O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate with 2-chloro-n-isopropylacetamide or by treating...the reaction product of sodium O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate & phenyl chloroacetate /with isopropylamine/. US PATENT 2494283 (AMERICAN CYANAMID CO); BRITISH PATENT 791824 (MONTEDISON SPA).

Chloroacetic acid + isopropylamine + O,O-diethyldithiophosphoric acid (amide formation/dehydrochlorination)

Emulsifiable concentrate; wettable powder; dust granules

Fac 20, Fac 40, soluble concentrate (200 or 400 g tech/kg); Fac 40WP, wettable powder (400 g/kg); Fac P, solid (30 g/kg); Fac Granules, granules (50 g/kg).

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Prothoate (technical grade) as an active ingredient believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as a pesticide.

Used at 20-30 g A.I./ 100 L (300-500 g/ha)