1,3,5,7-テトラニトロオクタヒドロ-1,3,5,7-テトラゾシン

Other Uses -> Explosives

Flammable agents - 4th degree

log Kow = 0.16

0.17

Density of the four polymeric forms: 1.903 g/cu cm (beta form); 1.82 g/cu cm (alpha form); 1.82 g/cu cm (gamma form); 1.78 g/cu cm (delta form)

Detonation velocity = 9100 m/s at max density; Explosion temperature after 5 seconds = 330 °C

1.9 g/cm³

In water, 3.34 mg/L at 20 °C, 4.46 mg/L at 25 °C

In water, 5 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water = 1.40X10+2 mg/L at 83 °C

Solubility in water: none

Decomposition temperature = 280 °C

536 °F (decomposes)

Decomposes violently at 279 °C.

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.

Melting point equals 281 °C. [CAMEO]

281 °C

275 °C

537.8 °F

279 °C

0.00000002 [mmHg]

VP: 3.3X10-14 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 25 °C:

2.41x10-8 mmHg

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 2.9% (3 of 104) of reports.

Danger

H201 (77.9%): (Deleted) Explosive; mass explosion hazard [Danger Explosives]

P210, P230, P234, P236, P240, P250, P262, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P370+P380, P370+P380+P375, P372, P373, P401, P405, P501, and P503 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 104 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

Chemical: 1,3,5,7-Tetrazocine, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-

Hazard Traits - Hepatotoxicity and Digestive System Toxicity; Neurotoxicity

1,3,5,7-Tetrazocine, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1,3,5,7-Tetrazocine, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

REACH registered substance: Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (EC: 220-260-0)

1,3,5,7-Tetrazocine, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 112 [Explosives - Division 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1.5]:

Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion. Explosive.

HMX (Octogen) is an acronym for High Melting eXplosive. It is also known as octogen and cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine, as well as by other names. It is a colorless solid that dissolves slightly in water. Only a small amount of HMX (Octogen) will evaporate into the air; however, it can occur in air attached to suspended particles or dust. The taste and smell of HMX (Octogen) are not known. HMX (Octogen) does not occur naturally in the environment. It is made from other chemicals known as hexamine, ammonium nitrate, nitric acid, and acetic acid. HMX (Octogen) explodes violently at high temperatures. Because of this property, HMX (Octogen) is used in various kinds of explosives, rocket fuels, and burster chargers. A small amount of HMX (Octogen) is also formed in making cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (RDX), another explosive similar in structure to HMX (Octogen).

Studies of munition plant workers have been negative for adverse effects. In high-dose animal studies, injury to the kidneys, liver, and CNS is observed. Rats survive exposures up to 4,000 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. [HSDB] Emits nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition; Explodes at 279 degrees C; Toxic by ingestion; [Sax] Highly explosive! [Merck Index, 6758]

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date: September 29, 2006; Reporting date: November 28, 2006.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,3,5,7-Tetrazocine, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro- is included on this list. Effective date: September 29, 2006; Sunset date: November 28, 2006.

CYCLOTETRAMETHYLENE TETRANITRAMINE, [WET WITH >= 10% WATER] is a high explosive. May begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation if mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides. May explode in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide even in the presence of water. Presence of metal oxides increases thermal sensitivity. Wetting reduces sensitivity toward detonation.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 112 [Explosives - Division 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1.5]:

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Cargo fire: Do not fight fire when fire reaches cargo! Cargo may explode! Stop all traffic and clear the area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions and let burn. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. Tire or vehicle fire: Use plenty of water - flood it! If water is not available, use CO2, dry chemical or dirt. If possible, and without risk, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles from maximum distance to prevent fire from spreading to cargo area. Pay special attention to tire fires as re-ignition may occur. Stand by, at a safe distance, with extinguisher ready for possible re-ignition.[CAMEO Chemicals/NOAA Chemical Datasheet on Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine,

Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile) in all directions. Large spill: Consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. Fire: If rail car or trailer is involved in a fire, isolate for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.[CAMEO Chemicals/NOAA Chemical Datasheet on Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine,

Hepatic (Liver), Neurological (Nervous System)

Hepatic

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) 7-day old fry; Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C, pH 7.1, hardness 35 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 15 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 8.8-26 mg/L) /formulated product/

LC50; Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) weight 0.9 g, length 43 mm; Conditions: freshwater, static, 10 °C, pH 7.1, hardness 35 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 4.0-9.0 mg/L; Concentration: >32 mg/L for 24, 48, 96 hr /formulated product/

LC50; Species: Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) weight 1.2 g, length 57 mm; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.1, hardness 35 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 4.0-9.0 mg/L; Concentration: >32 mg/L for 24, 48, 96 hr /formulated product/

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) weight 1 g, length 35 mm; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.1, hardness 35 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 4.0-9.0 mg/L; Concentration: >32 mg/L for 24, 48, 96 hr /formulated product/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values of 30-290(2), indicate that cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.7X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.4X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3). Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine is not expected to degrade aerobically in soil based on 0% degradation in both fortified and field contaminated soil samples after 56 days(4). However, anaerobic biodegradation of this compound is expected based on 90% degradation after 10 days in tests using an anaerobic sewage sludge innoculum and 100% degradation after 11 days, 100% after 20-22 days, 77% after 28 days in tests using anaerobic sewage sludge enrichment cultures(5,6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values of 30 and 290 in soil(2) and 670 in sediment(3), indicate that cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.7X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are both much greater than 1 year(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 0.17(7) and a regression-derived equation(5), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The hydrolysis half-life of cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine has been measured to be 21 years in an aqueous acetone solution at pH 8 and 15 °C(3). Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine was stable over a period of 70 days in fortified reagent-grade water, ground water, and surface water samples at initial concentrations of 45.97 ug/L, 68.50 ug/L, and 47.53 ug/L, respectively(8). Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine is not expected to biodegrade aerobically in water based on 0% degradation after 28 days using a sludge enrichment culture from a sewage treatment plant(9). However, this substance has been shown to biodegrade slowly in an anaerobic river water sample with 50% biodegradation achieved after 50 days(10).

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date: September 29, 2006; Reporting date: November 28, 2006.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,3,5,7-Tetrazocine, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro- is included on this list. Effective date: September 29, 2006; Sunset date: November 28, 2006.

HMX

A Commercial Grade

5,000

A Commercial Grade

400

Explosive chemical that can be released at a facility.

Substances that are energetically unstable and can produce a sudden expansion of the material, called an explosion, which is accompanied by heat, pressure and noise. Other things which have been described as explosive that are not included here are explosive action of laser heating, human performance, sudden epidemiological outbreaks, or fast cell growth.

Studies in animals exposed to HMX by the oral and parenteral route suggest that HMX is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and may preferentially distribute to the lungs, liver, heart, and kidney, and that most of an absorbed dose of HMX is excreted in the urine.

Used in propellants and explosives; [CAMEO]

Transport of HMX (dry or unphlegmatized) is forbidden. Transport of HMX, desensitized, or HMX wetted with not <15% water is forbidden by cargo aircraft or passenger aircraft/rail. [HMT]

In solid propellants and explosives.

HMX has uses similar to RDX, that is, as a base charge for detonators and as an ingredient of bursting-charge and plastic explosives by the military.

2023: 1,000,000 - <8,500,000 lb

Estimated production volume of HMX was about 30 million pounds annually between 1969 and 1971. No estimates of current production volume were located, but it is estimated that its use is increasing. Processing may occur at load, assemble, and pack (LAP) facilities operated by the military. There were 10 facilities engaged in LAP operations in the United States in 1976.

1,3,5,7-Tetrazocine, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro- is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Non-confidential 2016 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: 1,3,5,7-Tetrazocine, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-:

HMX is produced by the nitration of hexamine with ammonium nitrate and nitric acid in an acetic acid/acetic anhydride solvent at 44 °C. The raw materials are mixed in a two-step process and the product is purified by recrystallization. This is a modification of the Bachmann Process used to produce RDX, another explosive. The yield of HMX is about 55-60%, with RDX as an impurity. RDX produced by the Bachmann Process usually contains about 8-12% HMX as an acceptable byproduct.

HMX ... is obtained directly by a modified Bachman process. In this batch process, acetic anhydride and a mixture of NH4NO3 and HNO3 are added simultaneously at 44 +/- 1 °C to hexamine dissolved in glacial acetic acid. After 15 minutes, the operation is repeated. The reaction mixture is aged at 45 - 60 °C, diluted with hot water, and refluxed for up to several hours. The suspended HMX is filtered off and washed until neutral. The HMX is obtained as small crystals of the alpha-form, which are transformed into the beta-form by recrystallization from acetone or DMSO.

Explosives Manufacturing

1,3,5,7-Tetrazocine, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-: ACTIVE