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Acetamide
アセトアミド · 1-ヒドロキシエタンイミン · エタンアミド · 酢酸アミド · アセトイミド酸 · 1-イミノエタノール · メチルホルムアミド · アセトアミド, 99%
識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 60-35-5 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | C2H5NO |
| 平均分子量 | 59.07 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 59.03711378 g/mol |
| SMILES | CC(N)=O |
| InChIKey | DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 178 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL16081 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:27856 |
| EC No. | 200-473-5 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID7020005 |
| 現地名 | アセトアミド |
化学・物理的性質
| XLogP | -0.9 |
|---|---|
| 極性表面積 | 43.1 |
| 水素結合供与体数 | 1 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 1 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 0 |
| 重原子数 | 4 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 33 |
| 物質分類 | Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)Nitrogen Compounds -> Other Nitrogen CompoundsCarcinogens |
| 医薬品 | Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15 |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum |
| LogP（分配係数） | log Kow = -1.26-1.05 |
| 臭い | Odorless when pure, but frequently has a mousy odorねずみ臭 |
| 味 | Pure acetamide has a bitter taste |
| 食品添加物 | FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT -> FDA Substance added to food |
| 密度 | 1.159 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than waterwill sink1.159 at 20 °C/4 °C1.16 g/cm³1.159 @ 20°C |
| Viscosity | 2.182 centipose (91.1 °C)1.461 centipose (111.8 °C)1.056 centipose (131.7 °C) |
| Color/Form | Deliquescent hexagonal crystalsTrigonal monoclinic crystals from alcohol and ether |
| 溶解度 | Very soluble (greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72 °F) (NTP, 1992)In water, 7.05X10+5 mg/L at 24.5 °COne gram dissolves in 0.5 mL water, 2 mL alcohol, 6 mL pyridineSoluble in chloroform, glycerol, hot benzeneSlightly soluble in etherH2O: 0.5g/mL、Hazen ≤502000g/L（20℃） |
| 沸点 | 430 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)222 °C at 760 mm Hg221.00 to 222.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg221 °C(lit.) |
| 融点 | 78-80 °C(lit.) |
| 蒸気圧 | 1 mm Hg ( 65 °C) |
| 屈折率 | 1.4274 |
| 引火点 | 220-222°C |
| 貯蔵条件 | Store below +30°C. |
| pKa（酸解離定数） | 0.63(at 25℃) |
| 外観・状態 | クリスタル |
| 色 | 白い |
| 由来生物 | synthetic |
| Merck | 14,43 |
| JECFA Number | 1592 |
| BRN | 1071207 |
| ヘンリー定数 | 5.3×103 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Wolfenden (1976) |
| 誘電率 | 41.0(20℃) |
| 安定性 | 安定。強酸、強酸化剤、強塩基とは相容れない。潮解性。摩擦発光。 |
| InChI | 1S/C2H5NO/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H2,3,4) |
| InChIKey | DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CC(N)=O |
| LogP（分配係数） | -1.26 |
| CAS データベース | 60-35-5(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NISTの化学物質情報 | Acetamide(60-35-5) |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | Acetamide (60-35-5) |
化学的特性
Acetamide occurs as hexagonal colourless deliquescent crystals with a musty odour. It is incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidising agents, strong bases, and triboluminescent materials. Acetamide is used primarily as a solvent, a plasticiser, and a wetting and penetrating agent. Workplace exposures to acetamide are associated with the plastic and chemical industries.
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | WarningH351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]P203, P280, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H351 (100%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity] |
|---|---|
| 規制情報 | Chemical: AcetamideHazard Traits - CarcinogenicityDermatotoxicityStatus: Active Update: 26-04-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/17464Acetamide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| その他の安全情報 | IMAP assessments - Acetamide: Environment tier I assessment |
| 火災危険 | The flash point of this chemical has not been determined, but it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
| 火災の可能性 | This substance is a combustible solid. |
| 健康有害性 | SYMPTOMS: Exposure to this compound may cause irritation to the eyes, skin and mucous membranes. |
| 有害性の概要 | Acetamide is used primarily as a solvent and a plasticizer. Workers may be exposed in the plastics and chemical industries. It causes mild skin irritation from acute (short-term) exposure. No information is available on the chronic (long-term), reproductive/developmental, or carcinogenic effects of acetamide in humans. EPA has not classified acetamide for carcinogenicity.There are no human data, but long-term feeding studies in rats using high doses of acetamide (up to 5% in diet) produced liver damage and hepatocellular carcinomas. . . . high doses producing maternal toxicity may cause developmental toxicity. The acute toxicity after ingestion is relatively low: an LD50 of 1000-7000 mg/kg in rats and mice[ACGIH] A skin and eye irritant[ICSC] |
| 反応性グループ | Amides and Imides |
| EC 分類 | Symbol: XnR: 40S: (2)-36/37 |
| Reactivity Profile | ACETAMIDE may react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases. May form flammable gases with strong reducing agents. Reacts as a weak bases (weaker than water). Mixing with dehydrating agents such as P2O5 or SOCl2 generates acetonitrile Burns to give toxic mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx). |
| 大気基準 | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Acetamide is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Acetamide is included on this list. |
| Chemical Dangers | Decomposes on burning. This produces toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides. Reacts with acids and strong oxidants. |
| Air and Water Reactions | Deliquescent. Very soluble in water. |
| 消火 | Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)Use water spray, powder. |
| 応急処置措置 | Fresh air, rest.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . |
| 応急処置 | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. |
| 安全保管 | Dry. Well closed. |
| 消火手順 | Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers. ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.The only respirators recommended for firefighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. |
| 保管条件 | Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Moisture sensitive.Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.Should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area. Store in a dry area away from water because of deliquescent properties. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire explosion hazard.PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/ |
| 清掃方法 | ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after cleanup is complete. Material is very water soluble and hydrolyzes slowly to ammonia and acetate salts. May be removed from alkaline solutions with adsorbent carbon. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/ |
| 非火災時の漏出対応 | SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. |
| 処分方法 | SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in air, soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubberContaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ACETAMIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 漏出処分 | Personal protection: P2 filter respirator for harmful particles. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| Preventive Measures | ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ACETAMIDE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Eye Prevention | Wear safety spectacles. |
| 相互作用 | Two groups of 40 male wistar rats were fed diets containing 2.5% acetamide or 2.5% acetamide + 5.6 l-arginine, & 2 groups of 15 males were fed diet containing 5.6% arginine glutamate or a control diet for 1 yr. In 2/8 rats fed acetamide ... hepatomas ... were observed7/16 rats fed acetamide for 1 yr and maintained on control diet for further 3 MO developed liver tumors. In contrast, 1/11 rats that received acetamide + arginine glutamate for 1 yr and control diet for 3 MO had hyperplastic liver nodules. No liver tumors occurred in control group nor in rats fed 5.6% arginine glutamate alone. |
| 環境中動態 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 5(SRC) indicates that acetamide is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of acetamide from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.0182 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 7.05X10+5 mg/L(4). Acetamide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure. A 69% of theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) and a 69% of theoretical degradation in a 10-day window of an OECD 301D Closed Bottle test(3) indicates that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 5(2) indicates that acetamide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.0182 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 7.05X10+5 mg/L(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of -1.26(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 69% of theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(8) and a 69% of theoretical degradation in a 10-day window of an OECD 301D Closed Bottle test(3) indicates that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). Results of hydrolysis studies indicate the hydrolysis half-life of acetamide at 25 °C and pH 7 is 3,440 to 3,950 years(9,10).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetamide, which has a vapor pressure of 0.0182 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase acetamide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.6 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Acetamide does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
| 食品調査値 | Over-oxidized wine can contain acetamide. |
| 有害作用 | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. |
| 暴露経路 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol. |
| 毒性の概要 | IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Acetamide is a solid. It is used as a solvent and stabilizer, accelerator in the estimation of bilirubin, antidote against monofluoroacetamide poisoning, and humectant for paper. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: When acetamide was administered at a concentration of 5% in the diet to 99 male rats, with 2 rats returned to a control diet each week, liver tumors were found after treatment for 14-40 weeks in 22/81 rats. Acetamide-treated rats developed neoplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas. The incidence, speed of onset, and frequency of metastases were greater in males than in females. Acetamide had the least toxic effects in regards to teratogenicity and embryotoxicity, compared to its derivatives. Acetamide produced morphological transformation in Syrian hamster embryo cells without metabolic activation. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Acetamide exhibited a selective damaging action on Entosiphon sulcatum. |
| 生態毒性抜粋 | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... In rainbow trout, increase in sperm motility parameters (VAP and MOT) were observed in the presence of acetamide, an inhibitor for beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase (beta-NAGase). In contrast, sperm motility parameters (VCL, VSL, VAP, MOT, and PRG) were reduced on the Siberian sturgeon in the presence of acetamide. The inhibition of the activity of beta-NAGase in rainbow trout spermatozoa was led to a reduction in the number of fertilized eggs from 79% to 40%, whereas in sturgeon no change was observed in fertilization. Moreover, inhibition of beta-NAGase in both spermatozoa and eggs of trout and sturgeon resulted in significant decrease in fertilization rate from 79% to 1% in rainbow trout and from 84% to 12% in Siberian sturgeon. .../AQUATIC SPECIES/ The toxicity threshold using the cell multiplication inhibition test was determined for pseudomonas putida (bacteria), scendesmus quadricauda (green algae) and entosiphon sulcatum (protozoa). Test based on principle that dissolved toxic water ingredients will inhibit multiplication of test organisms as compared to culture free from such influence. Acetamide exhibited a selective damaging action on entosiphon sulcatum. |
| Plant Concentrations | Acetamide was detected, not quantified in the root of sugar beet, also called beet, beetroot, or garden beet (Beta vulgaris, Chenopodiaceae)(1). |
| Signs and Symptoms | Redness. Pain. |
| Ongoing Test Status | EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPAICSS Dashboard ApplicationAvailable from, as of September 8, 2016: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page for acetamide, which tabulates all of the "Genetic Toxicology Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/testing/status/agents/ts-10375-a.html] |
| Effluent Concentrations | Acetamide was detected at concentrations of 2.4 and 28.6 ug/L in distillate and residue, respectively, in leachate from a landfill for municipal wastes in Japan(1). Acetamide was detected in condensate and process oil-shale retort water at concentrations of 0.6 mg/L and 23.2 mg/L, respectively(2). |
| Medical Surveillance | PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/ |
| CERCLA 報告数量 | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b). |
| F | 3 |
| 水環境危害等級（WGK） | 1 |
| TSCA 収載状態 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 番号 | AB4025000 |
| 輸送番号（UN） | UN 3077 9/PG 3 |
| 毒性 | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 7000 mg/kg |
| PRTR法 | 第二種指定化学物質 |
| 税関コード | 29241900 |
| 危険文句（R） | 40 |
| 化審法 | (2)-724 |
| 安衛法 | 57,57-2 |
| 危険表示 | Xn |
| 安全措置（S） | 36/37 |
| 危険等級 | 9Carc. 2 |
| 自然発火温度 | 560°C |
| 貯蔵分類 | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| 有害物質データ | 60-35-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
用途
解説
アセトアミド（酢酸アミド）は、潮解性のある無色の六角形の結晶である。若干の刺激性があるが、毒性は低い。融点81 ℃，沸点222 ℃，105 ℃(1.33 kPa)．d4201.159．nD781.4274．Kb 3.1×10－15(25 ℃)．塩化アセチル、無水酢酸、酢酸エステルのいずれかとアンモニアとの反応（アンモノリシス）で得られる。工業的には酢酸アンモニウムの熱分解で合成される。水によく溶けるほか、エタノール（エチルアルコール）、クロロホルム、グリセリンなどに可溶。エーテルにはほとんど溶けない。酸またはアルカリで加水分解すれば酢酸とアンモニアに、五酸化リンで脱水するとアセトニトリルになる。溶けたアセトアミドは多くの無機および有機化合物の優れた溶媒となる。水に難溶の物質が、アセトアミドの添加により、水に溶けやすくなることを利用し、溶解促進剤として用いられる。
用途
医薬品原料、有機合成原料
用途
有機合成試薬溶剤、過酸化物安定剤、溶剤
説明
Acetamide (MEA or ethanamide), the amide of acetic acid, is a white crystalline solid in pure form with a mousy odor. Low toxicity. It is produced by dehydrating ammonium acetate. Acetamide is found in red beetroot. Acetamide is used primarily as a solvent, plasticizer, and a wetting and penetrating agent. it was used as an intermediate in the synthesis of methylamine, thioacetamide, hypnotics, insecticides, medicinals and various plastics, a soldering flux ingredient, a wetting agent and penetration accelerator for dyes, and as a plasticizer in leather, cloth and coatings. ethanolamine is an amide made from acetamide and monoethanolamine. It is a clear liquid. In cosmetics and personal care products, It is used in the formulation of bubble baths, hair conditioners, shampoos, wave sets, moisturizers, and other bath and hair care products.It increases the water content of the top layers of the skin by drawing moisture from the surrounding air. It also enhances the appearance and feel of hair, by increasing hair body, suppleness, or sheen, or by improving the texture of hair that has been damaged physically or by chemical treatment.
使用
Acetamide is often used as plasticizer and as industrial solvent. molten acetamide is an excellent solvent for many organic and inorganic compounds. Solubilizer. renders sparingly soluble substances more soluble in water by mere addition or by fusion. stabilizer. manufacture of methylamine, denaturing alcohol. In organic syntheses. Acetamide is used as a co-monomer in the production of polymeric materials such as polyvinyl acetamide, a polymeric product used as an absorbent. It can be used for the transamidation of carbxamides in 1,4-dioxane in the absence of a catalyst.
一般的な説明
Colorless crystals with a mousy odor (NTP, 1999). Low toxicity.
使用用途
アセトアミドは、別名を「酢酸アミド」といい、主に有機合成試薬の溶媒として使われています。有機合成試薬とは、酸化剤・還元剤をはじめ、縮合剤やハロゲン化試薬、保護剤、光学活性体・光学分割剤、有機金属試薬などを指します。 室温では固体ですが、81℃以上で融解し液体となり、この溶融アセトアミドが様々な化合物を溶かす溶媒となります。例えばアセトアミドは、酸化剤・還元剤をはじめ、縮合剤やハロゲン化試薬、保護剤、光学活性体・光学分割剤、有機金属試薬など、有機合成に使用される有機・無機化合物をよく溶かします。 また、アセトアミドは、不安定かつ反応性が高いとされる過酸化物の安定剤としても使われています。
製法・合成法
純化方法
Acetamide is crystallised by dissolving in hot MeOH (0.8mL/g), diluting with Et2O and allowing to stand [Wagner J Chem Edu 7 1135 1930]. Alternate crystallisation solvents are acetone, *benzene, chloroform, dioxane, methyl acetate or *benzene/ethyl acetate mixtures (3:1 and 1:1). It has also been recrystallised from hot water after treating with HCl-washed activated charcoal (which had been repeatedly washed with water until free from chloride ions), then crystallised again from hot 50% aqueous EtOH and finally twice from hot 95% EtOH [Christoffers & Kegeles J Am Chem Soc 85 2562 1963]. Finally it is dried in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5. Acetamide is also purified by distillation (b 221-223o) or by sublimation in vacuo. It has also been purified by two recrystallisations from cyclohexane containing 5% (v/v) of *benzene. Needle-like crystals separate and are filtered, washed with a small volume of distilled H2O and dried with a flow of dry N2. [Slebocka-Tilk et al. J Am Chem Soc 109 4620 1987, Beilstein 2 H 175, 2 I 80, 2 II 177, 2 III 384, 2 IV 399.]