クロピドール

White to light-brown, crystalline solid

Powder

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

In water, 10 mg/L

Insoluble

FDA approved animal drugs -> Active ingredient

Pharmaceuticals -> Animal Drugs -> Approved in Taiwan

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. - Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /chloride and Nitrogen oxides/.

greater than 608 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

>320 °C

>608 °F

>608 °F

Clopidol is a white to light-brown, crystalline solid. Mp: 320 °C. Practically insoluble in water. Administered to poultry to prevent the growth of pathogenic parasites.

White to light-brown, crystalline solid; [NIOSH]

White to light-brown, crystalline solid.

White to light-brown, crystalline solid.

131.2 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW; Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

146.3 Ų [M+Na]+ [CCS Type: TW; Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 8.9% (4 of 45) of reports.

Warning

H315 (88.9%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 45 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Warning

Tolerances for residues of clopidol (3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinol) in food are established as follows: In cereal grains, vegetables, and fruits.

Tolerances for residues of clopidol (3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinol) in food are established as follows: In chickens and turkeys: (1) in uncooked liver and kidney. (2) in uncooked muscle.

Tolerances for residues of clopidol (3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinol) in food are established as follows: In cattle, sheep, and goats: (1) in uncooked kidney. (2) in uncooked liver.

Tolerances for residues of clopidol (3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinol) in food are established as follows: In swine: in uncooked edible tissues.

For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for Clopidol (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 10 mg/cu m (total); 5 mg/cu m (resp)

15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 20 mg/cu m (total)

Skin Irrit. 2 (88.9%)

Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 3

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Clopidol:

(General first aid procedures)

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

Store in a cool place. Keep bag tightly closed.

Personal precautions: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing dust. Ensure adequate ventilation. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

Tolerances for residues of clopidol (3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinol) in food are established as follows: In cereal grains, vegetables, and fruits: 0.2 part per million.

Tolerances for residues of clopidol (3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinol) in food are established as follows: In chickens and turkeys: (1) 15 parts per million in uncooked liver and kidney. (2) 5 parts per million in uncooked muscle.

Tolerances for residues of clopidol (3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinol) in food are established as follows: In cattle, sheep, and goats: (1) 3 parts per million in uncooked kidney. (2) 1.5 parts per million in uncooked liver.

Tolerances for residues of clopidol (3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinol) in food are established as follows: In swine: 0.2 part per million in uncooked edible tissues.

Tolerances for residues of clopidol (3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinol) in food are established as follows: In milk: 0.02 part per million (negligible residue).

3.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction and vapor

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 10 mg/cu m

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

3 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2012]

15.0 [mg/m3](total dust), 5 mg/m3(respirable fraction)

15 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction)

TWA 15 mg/m3 (total) TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp)

10 mg/m³ (total dust), 5 mg/m³ (respirable)

20 mg/m³ (total dust)

TWA 10 mg/m3 (total) ST 20 mg/m3 (total) TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Clopidol:

Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166.

Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a dust mask type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 660(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that clopidol is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of clopidol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Clopidol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2011).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 660(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 10 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that clopidol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 28(SRC), from an estimated log Kow(7) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2011).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), clopidol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase clopidol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.9 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase clopidol may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Clopidol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Over a two-year period from April 1997 to July 1999, over 3500 samples of domestic and imported eggs in Canada were analyzed for a variety of veterinary drugs; out of 110 samples tested for clopidol, two samples from Maryland tested presumptive positive (but not confirmed positive)(1).

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The short-term toxicity (EC50 respectively LC50 after 2 or 4 days) of 13 feed additives was determined to 4 freshwater organisms of different trophical levels: Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Daphnia magna, Lebistes reticulatus and Salmo gairdneri. The most toxic (LC(EC)50 less than 1 mg/L) were robenidine (to all tested organisms) and stenorol (to Daphnia); moderately toxic (1 less than LC(EC)50 less than 10 mg/L) was pyrimethamine. Amprolium, ethopabate, furazolidone and zoalene proved to be little toxic (LC(EC)50 greater than 10 mg/L); whereas buquinolate, carbadox, clopidol, decoquinate, grofas and sulfaquinoxaline were under the experimental conditions not toxic for the tested organisms.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of clopidol can be estimated to be 660(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that clopidol is expected to have low mobility in soil.

An estimated BCF of 28 was calculated in fish for clopidol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.7(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

A BCF of 0.0011 was measured in cattle after being exposed to clopidol at a dietary concentration of 500 ppm over 28 days; the concentration in beef fat tissue was 0.2-0.9 ppm(1).

The Henry's Law constant for clopidol is estimated as 1.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that clopidol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Clopidol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-6 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Rats fed 15 mg clopidol/kg bw daily as part of their diet for 2 years showed no adverse effects when judged on the basis of growth, appearance, mortality, terminal hematologic and clinical chemical examinations, final body and organ weights, gross and microscopic examinations of major organs, and rumor incidence.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Dogs fed 5 mg/kg/day for 2 years showed no untoward effects nor were adverse effects reported on fertility, gestation, viability, lactation, or on teratogenicity in rats and rabbits.

Tolerances for residues of clopidol (3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinol) in food are established as follows: In cereal grains, vegetables, and fruits.

Tolerances for residues of clopidol (3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinol) in food are established as follows: In chickens and turkeys: (1) in uncooked liver and kidney. (2) in uncooked muscle.

Tolerances for residues of clopidol (3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinol) in food are established as follows: In cattle, sheep, and goats: (1) in uncooked kidney. (2) in uncooked liver.

Tolerances for residues of clopidol (3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinol) in food are established as follows: In swine: in uncooked edible tissues.

For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for Clopidol (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

QP - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents

QP - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents

A coccidiostat used in veterinary medicine; [Merck Index] Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary defines a coccidiostat as, any of a group of chemical agents, e.g., nitrofurazone, nitrophenide, nicarbazin, mixed in feed or drinking water to control coccidiosis in animals.

MEDICATION (VET)

Veterinary Drug -> ANTIPROTOZOAL_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Pharmaceuticals -> Animal Drugs -> Approved in Taiwan