塩酸

解説HCl(36.46)．塩化アンモニウム，アルカリ金属あるいはアルカリ土類金属の塩化物に硫酸を加えて加熱すると得られる．工業的には，食塩水の電解により生成する塩素と水素を反応させてつくられる．無色の刺激臭のある発煙性の気体．融点－114.2 ℃，沸点－85 ℃．水に易溶(0 ℃，82.3 g/100 g)．水溶液を塩酸という．メタノール，エタノールおよびエーテルに易溶．フッ素とはげしく反応してフッ化水素と塩素とを生じる．多くの金属と反応し，水素を発生して塩化物を生じる．アルカリ金属およびアルカリ土類金属は燃焼する．塩化水素は過酸化水素によって酸化されて塩素を生じ，アンモニアと反応して塩化アンモニウムを生じる．塩酸の製造，塩化ビニル，塩化アルキルの原料などとして広く用いられる．劇物で鼻や眼の粘膜をおかす．吸入は危険．[CAS 7647-01-0]森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）

用途有害金属定量試料の分解及び前処理、pH調製等。

用途アミノ酸分析用試料の分解及び前処理、試液調製、pH調整等。

用途塩基性物質の定量(容量分析)

用途ICP-MSによる超微量無機物分析用試料の分解、前処理及びpH調整。

用途一般分析用試液

用途大量の酸を用いる試料の前処理、高感度比色分析、臨床試薬、高感度機器分析等。

用途汎用試薬、調製液原料、有機及び無機合成原料、アルカリ性物質の中和剤。

用途エッチング用,分析用試薬,医薬?農薬?染料?香料?などの原料,食品製造用,排水処理用 、ジクロロエタン原料,染料?香料?医薬?農薬?無機薬品製造原料,食品製造用,排水処理

用途ほう素定量用試料の分解及び前処理、pH調整等。

用途グートツァイト法、原子吸光分析法によるひ素分析用。

用途汎用試薬、調製液原料。

用途分析試液、試液調製原料

説明A water solution of hydrogen chloride of varied concentrations. It is a clear, colorless or slightly yellowish, corrosive liquid having a pungent odor. It is miscible with water and with alcohol. Concentrations of hydrochloric acid are expressed in percent by weight, or may be expressed in Baume degrees (Be0) from which percentages of hydrochloric acid and specific gravities may readily be derived. The usually available concentrations are 18°, 20°, 22°, and 23° Be. Concentrations above 13° Be (19.6%) fume in moist air, lose hydrogen chloride, and create a corrosive atmosphere. Because of these characteristics, suitable precautions must be observed during sampling and analysis to prevent losses. Note: Hydrochloric acid is produced by various methods that might impart trace amounts of organic compounds as impurities. The manufacturer, vendor, or user is responsible for identifying the specific organic compounds that are present and for meeting the requirements for organic compounds. Methods are provided for their determination. In applying the procedures any necessary standards should be used to quantitate the organic compounds present in each specific product.

来歴Hydrochloric acid is a strong, corrosive acid that results when the gas hydrogen chloride dissolves in water.Ancient alchemists prepared hydrochloric acid and Jabbar ibn Hayyan, known in Latin as Geber (721–815), is credited with its discovery around the year 800. The original method of preparation involved reacting salt with sulfuric acid, producing sodium hydrogen sulfate and hydrogen chloride gas. The hydrogen chloride gas is captured and dissolved in water to produce hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid was formerly called muriatic acid. Terms such as muriatic and muriate were used in association with chloride substances before the discovery and nature of chlorine were fully understood. The Latin term muriaticus means pickled from muri, which is the Latin term for brine. Chlorides were naturally associated with seawater salt solutions, as chloride is the principal ion in seawater.