N,N-ジエチルヒドロキシルアミン

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be controlled. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 74(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that diethylhydroxylamine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). The estimated pKa of diethylhydroxylamine is 5.7(3), indicating it will partially exist in the protonated form in moist soils. The mobility of diethylhydroxylamine may be overestimated since cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than neutral species(4). Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.9X10-8 atm cu m/mol atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(5), and the fact that cations do not volatilize. The potential for volatilization of diethylhydroxylamine from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 3.36 mm Hg at 25 °C(6). Diethylhydroxylamine was biodegraded between 1-9% in the Japanese MITI test(7), suggesting it may be slow to biodegrade in soil.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 74(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that diethylhydroxylamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). The estimated pKa of diethylhydroxylamine is 5.7(3), indicating it will partially exist in the protonated form in water. As a result, diethylhydroxylamine may have greater adsorption to suspended solids and sediment than its estimated Koc value indicates(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.9X10-8 atm cu m/mol atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(5), and the fact that cations do not volatilize. According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from a log Kow of -0.17(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Diethylhydroxylamine was biodegraded between 1-9% in the Japanese MITI test(7), suggesting it may be slow to biodegrade in water.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diethylhydroxylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 3.36 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diethylhydroxylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.01X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg(3). Diethylhydroxylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to undergo direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

Using an estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for diethylhydroxylamine is estimated to be 74(SRC). According to a suggested classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that diethylhydroxylamine will have high mobility in soil(SRC). The estimated pKa of diethylhydroxylamine is 5.7(3), indicating it will partially exist in the protonated form in moist soils. As a result, the mobility of diethylhydroxylamine may be overestimated since cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than neutral species(4).

/CASE REPORTS/ A 39-year-old man committed suicide by ingesting a large quantity of SH792. SH792 is a silicone resin precursor used as a hardener for waterproof paints. It is polymerized in water; this process is then followed by the formation of silicone resin and the release of N,N-diethylhydroxylamine. In this decedent, analysis by infrared spectroscopy showed that polymerized silicone resin was present in the stomach contents. The amount of silica in his tissues was within levels seen in control subjects. N,N-diethylhydroxylamine was detected in the urine (0.7 microliters/mL) but not in the stomach contents ...

Diethylhydroxylamine's production and use as photographic developer, antioxidant, corrosion inhibitor(1) and as a shortstopping agent in synthetic rubber production(2), may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

AEROBIC: Microorganisms isolated from soils were capable of growing in media containing diethylhydroxylamine as a sole nitrogen source(1). Diethylhydroxylamine at 100 mg/L achieved 1-9% of its theoretical BOD over a 4 week incubation period using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(2).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for diethylhydroxylamine(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.17(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Diethylhydroxylamine is a weak base with an estimated pKa of 5.7(1). This estimated pKa indicates diethylhydroxylamine will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment. Volatilization from moist soil and water is not expected since cations do not volatilize and the estimated Henry's Law constant for the neutral species (free base) of diethylhydroxylamine is 5.9X10-8 atm cu m/mol(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). The potential for volatilization of diethylhydroxylamine from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 3.36 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Potential subchronic toxic effects of the test article, Diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA), were evaluated in a 28-day study in rats. The test article was administered via nose-only inhalation to three groups, each comprised of 15 male and 15 female Crl:CDBR rats, for a period of six hours per day, five days per week, for four consecutive weeks (minimum of 20 total exposures). The targeted exposure concentrations were 15, 150 and 1500 ppm. The test atmosphere concentrations were monitored by infrared absorbance and were found to be 15, 150 and 1506 ppm. ... 1-2 animals in the control, 15, 150 and 1500 ppm groups were found dead during the study. The deaths did not occur in an exposure-related manner and were not related to exposure to the test article. All other animals survived to the scheduled necropsies. The predominant treatment-related clinical signs were dried yellow dorsal posterior and urogenital matting, lack of grooming, eye closure and hypoactivity in males and females in the 1500 ppm group, and ataxia, paleness in color, walking on tiptoes and hunched posture in the females in this group. ... toxicity was exhibited in the 1500 ppm group by clinical signs, inhibition of body weight gain and food consumption, changes in white blood cell differential counts, various serum chemistry changes, reduced thymus gland weights-and increased liver weights. Medullary plasmacytosis was noted in the iliac and popliteal lymph nodes in males in the 1500 ppm group. Systemic effects in the 150 ppm group were limited to slight decreases in albumin and A/G ratio (females only). Based on data collected following a two-week nonexposure (recovery) period, all of these effects were considered to be reversible. Microscopic changes were noted in the nasal passages of male and female rats in the 150 and 1500 ppm groups; these effects were considered to be due to local irritation, not systemic toxicity, and reversible. The hematological, serum chemistry and organ weight (thymus and liver) effects in the 1500 ppm group indicate that the liver and thymus were the target organs, however, no test article related histomorphological changes were seen in these tissues.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Not sensitizing in guinea pigs. After establishing the highest non-irritating dose concentration, a 3 week induction period was initiated during which 10 young adult, male, guinea pigs were treated with the test material applied as a 30% w/w solution in deionized water and 10 were treated with 0.08% Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in 95% ethyl alcohol (positive controls). During the induction period the animals were dosed on alternate days until a total of nine dose applications was achieved. Seventeen days after the ninth application a challenge dose (30%) was applied to a naive site on each guinea pig and approximately 24 and 48 hours later the animals were scored for a sensitization response (erythema and edema). INDUCTION PHASE: Test Animals: By the 4th induction many animals exhibited very mild erythema at both 24 and 48 hours post-dose. A slight increase in the severity of irritation was noted at several sites after inductions 8 and 9. . Positive Control Animals (0.08% DNCB): Varying degrees of erythema were observed throughout induction, increasing in severity toward the end of this period. CHALLENGE PHASE: Test Animals: No irritation was noted after challenge. . Naive Control Animals: No irritation was noted after challenge. Positive Control Animals (0.08% DNCB): Twenty-four and 48 hours after challenge all sites were erythemic, showing a faint to moderate response.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of diethylhydroxylamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 1.01X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 hours(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Diethylhydroxylamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). Diethylhydroxylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to undergo direct photolysis by sunlight(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 950 workers (14 of these were female) were potentially exposed to diethylhydroxylamine in the US(1). Occupational exposure to diethylhydroxylamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where diethylhydroxylamine is produced or used(SRC).

Diethylhydroxylamine's production and use as photographic developer, antioxidant, corrosion inhibitor and as a shortstopping agent in synthetic rubber production, may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an extrapolated vapor pressure of 3.36 mm Hg at 25 °C, indicates that diethylhydroxylamine is expected to exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diethylhydroxylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours. Diethylhydroxylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to undergo direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, diethylhydroxylamine is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 74. The estimated pKa of diethylhydroxylamine is 5.7, indicating it will partially exist in the protonated form in moist soils. The mobility of diethylhydroxylamine may be overestimated since cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than neutral species. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.9X10-8 atm cu m/mol atm-cu m/mole for the free base, and the fact that cations do not volatilize. The potential for volatilization of diethylhydroxylamine from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon the extrapolated vapor pressure. Diethylhydroxylamine was biodegraded between 1-9% in the Japanese MITI test, suggesting it may be slow to biodegrade in the environment. If released to water, diethylhydroxylamine (free base) is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc; however, the protonated form (conjugate acid) may be more likely to adsorb to sediment. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate process based on the Henry's Law constant for the neutral species and the fact that cations do not volatilize. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. An estimated BCF value of 3, suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where diethylhydroxylamine is produced or used. (SRC)