メルカプト酢酸アンモニウム

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Based on the available data, the CIR Expert Panel concluded that ... Ammonium Thioglycolate is safe for use in hair straighteners, permanent waves, tonics, dressings, and so forth, wave sets, other non-coloring hair products, and hair dyes and colors, as described in this safety assessment, at concentrations up to 15.2% (as Thioglycolic Acid). Hairdressers should avoid skin contact and minimize consumer skin exposure.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ammonium thioglycolate is a colorless to pink liquid with a repulsive skunk like odor. Solutions of various strengths are used for hair waving and for hair removal. It may be used in permanent hair colors as a stabilizer against oxidation. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Allergic responses to inhalation of this chaemical are immediate, causing dyspnea and asthma. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis was investigated by patch testing young female beauticians having allergic dermatitis of the hands; the onset of which was recognized 1 month to 1 year after starting their occupation. Products and allergens giving definite positive reactions included hair dye primary solution containing this chemical. Fourteen asthmatic patients (13-60 years old) inhaled mists of different concentrations of ammonium thioglycolate. After exposure, some patients had the following signs and symptoms: asthmatic breathing, uncontrollable paroxysmal cough, pharyngeal irritation, and blocked nasal passages or drip. Eight control patients (nonasthmatic and nonatopic) did not have positive reactions to the test substance). This chemical was classified as a skin irritant and sensitizer after single applications (via elastopatches) were made to patients during induction and challenge. When repeated applications of ammonium thioglycolate were made to two groups of normal subjects (different experimental procedures), mild to moderate skin irritation was observed. In one of the two groups, probably allergic dermatitis was observed in one subject. ANIMAL STUDIES: The acute inhalation of a liquid droplet aerosol containing aqueous ammonium thioglycolate was evaluated inrats. Animals were exposed to the aerosol for 1 hr and then observed for 14 days. None of the animals died. Few animals experienced respiratory distress, and signs were not observed beyond 24 hr postexposure. At necropsy, minor pulmonary abnormalities were observed. No signs of toxicity in dogs that were fed tis chemical over a period of two days. Vomiting was increased. The skin irritation potential of a permanent waving solution containing ammonium thioglycolate was evaluated in six albino rabbits. The solution was applied to the trunk (shaved and abraded skin), and sites were covered with gauze patches for 24 hr. Reactions were scored at 24 and 72 hr postapplication according to the scales: 0 (no erythema) to 4 (severe erythema to slight eschar formation); 0 (no edema) to 4 (severe edema). The irritation index was 0.1, a nonirritant, an irritation index of 0.6 was observed. The mutagenicity of this chemical was evaluated using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 1538. This chemical was not mutagenic.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Allergic responses of the human respiratory organs to inhalation of low molecular weight industrial intermediates (such as ethylenediamine, chloramine, hexamethylene tetramine, monoethenolamine, ammonium thioglycolate, penicillin and sulfa drugs) are immediate, causing dyspnea and asthma.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Occupational allergic contact dermatitis was investigated by patch testing of 13 young female beauticians all having allergic contact dermatitis of the hands, the onset of which was recognized within 1 month to 1 year after starting their occupation. ...Products and allergens giving definite positive reactions included hair dye primary solution in six out of 12 subjects, cold permanent wave primary solution in seven out of 13, shampoo in one out of 13, para-phenylenediamine in 12 out of 13, para-toluylenediamine in seven out of nine, ammonium-thioglycolate in three out of seven, para-aminophenol and ortho-aminophenol each in one out of four, Quinoline-SS in one out of seven, and nickel-sulfate, cobalt-sulfate, thimerosal and procaine-hydrochloride each in one out of 12. Of the five cases continuing their occupation as beauticians, one remained free of hand dermatitis by wearing gloves while dyeing hair or shampooing dyed hair, although the other four cases found that wearing gloves did not improve their hand dermatitis. Sixty two percent of the beauticians had a personal and 56 percent a family atopic history. The authors recommend that people with a personal or family atopic history, especially atopic dermatitis, should be advised not to become beauticians.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Fourteen asthmatic patients (13-60 years old) inhaled mists of the following dilutions of ammonium thioglycolate: 1:10, 1:100, 1:10,000, and 1:100,000. After exposure, 13 patients had the following signs and symptoms: asthmatic breathing, an uncontrollable paroxysmal cough, pharyngeal irritation, and blocked nasal passages or nasal drip. Pharyngeal irritation lasted 0.5-2 hr, depending on the degree of sensitivity of the patient. Eight control patients (nonasthmatic and nonatopic) did not have positive reactions to the test substance.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Ammonium thioglycolate (6.0%) was classified as a skin irritant and sensitizer after single applications (via elastopatches) were made to patients during induction and challenge. When repeated applications of 18.0% ammonium thioglycolate were made to two groups of normal subjects (different experimental procedures), mild to moderate skin irritation was observed. In one of the two groups, probably allergic contact dermatitis was observed in 1 subject. Repeated applications of 14.4% ammonium thioglycolate did not induce clinically meaningful irritation or any evidence of induced allergic contact dermatitis in normal human subjects. In other repeated insult patch tests, a cold wave product containing 9.0% ammonium thioglycolate and a permanent wave solution containing 12.0% ammonium thioglycolate (diluted to 0.12% ammonium thioglycolate) did not induce skin irritation nor sensitization in normal subjects. However, in a similar test, mild to intense erythema (induction and challenge) was observed in normal subjects patch tested with a permanent wave solution containing 7.1% ammonium thioglycolate. Cold wave products containing 17.5% ammonium thioglycolate (diluted to 4.4% ammonium thioglycolate) were classified as either cumulative irritants or low-grade sensitizers in repeated insult patch tests involving normal subjects.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The acute inhalation toxicity of a liquid droplet aerosol containing aqueous ammonium thioglycolate (60% thioglycolic acid) was evaluated using rats (number and strain not stated). Animals were exposed to the aerosol for 1 hr and then observed for 14 days. ...None of the animals died. Few animals experienced respiratory distress, and signs were not observed beyond 24 hr postexposure. At necropsy, minor pulmonary abnormalities were observed.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ No signs of toxicity were noted in dogs (average weight= 11.0 kg) that were fed 2.0 g of ammonium thioglycolate over a period of 2 days. Vomiting resulted when the dose was increased to 5.0 g.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The skin irritation potential of a permanent waving solution containing 7.1% ammonium thioglycolate and 1.2% ammonium hydroxide was evaluated using six albino rabbits. The solution was applied to the trunk (shaved and abraded skin), and sites were covered with gauze patches for 24 hr. Reactions were scored at 24 and 72 hr postapplication according to the scales: 0 (no erythema) to 4 (severe erythema to slight eschar formation); 0 (no edema) to 4 (severe edema). The irritation index was 0.1, a nonirritant (irritation index=0.6) in an earlier study (same procedure).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The skin irritation potential of a cold wave product (pH 7.3-7.6) containing 17.5% ammonium thioglycolate was evaluated using four New Zealand white rabbits. The product was applied via an occlusive patch for 4 hr to abraded and intact skin. Reactions were scored at 4, 24, and 72 hr postapplication according to the scales: 1 (very slight erythema) to 4 (severe erythema to slight eschar formation); 1 (very slight edema) to 4 (severe edema). Well-defined erythema and slight edema accounted for the majority of reactions (abraded and intact sites) observed at 4 and 24 hr. Reactions observed at 72 hr were very slight erythema and edema. The product had the potential for inducting moderate skin irritation, and the primary irritation index was 2.3. In a second study, the skin irritation potential of the same cold wave product was evaluated using a procedure in which patches were applied to abraded and intact skin for 24 hr. The primary irritation index was 2.45, and the product had the potential for inducing moderate skin irritation.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for AMMONIUM THIOGLYCOLATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

LD50 Mouse ip 100 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ip 165 mg/kg

LD50 Cat iv 175 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 3,500 mg/kg/24 hr

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for AMMONIUM THIOGLYCOLATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.