フマル酸

解説フマル酸,不飽和の二塩基酸．いろいろな植物中に含まれる．生化学的には，トリカルボン酸サイクルの一員として，コハク酸の脱水素反応により生じる重要な代謝中間体．シス形のマレイン酸と幾何異性の関係にある．マレイン酸の異性化あるいはグリオキシル酸とマロン酸との縮合によって得られる．また工業的には，グルコースのフマル酸発酵によってつくられる．無色の針状結晶．融点287 ℃(封管中)．200 ℃ で昇華する．密度1.625 g cm－3．K1 9.3×10－4，K2 10－5(25 ℃)．水，エタノールに可溶，エーテル，アセトンに難溶，ベンゼンに不溶．230 ℃ で異性化脱水して無水マレイン酸になる．生体内では，水を付加したリンゴ酸やアンモニアを付加したアスパラギン酸の原料となっている．食品添加物，抗酸剤，合成樹脂や染料の原料に用いられる．

用途有機合成原料、食品添加物(酸味剤)研究用。

用途ポリマー類製造時のマレイン酸代替物、食品添加剤(ベーキングパウダー、清涼飲料水剤の酸味料)、抗酸化剤、ゴム、薬品、媒染剤の原料

説明Fumaric acid is an important kind of organic chemical raw materials as well as the intermediate of fine chemical products. Meanwhile, it is also an important kind of derivatives of maleic anhydride, being widely used in food, coatings, resins and plasticizers. In the food industry, fumaric acid, used as souring agent, can be applied to soft drinks, western-style wine, cold drinks, fruit juice concentrate, canned fruit, pickles and ice cream. As an acidic substance used as solid beverage gas production agent, it has excellent bubble durability with delicate product organization.Fumaric acid has been used as a food acidulant since 1946. As a food additive, it is used as an acidity regulator and can be denoted by the E number E297. Chemically it is an unsaturated dicarbonic acid and is part of the citric acid cycle. Fumaric acid is a common food additive included in many processed foods to keep them stable and to add tartness. The substance has a more sour flavor than citric acid, another common food additive. Fumaric acid occurs naturally in fumitory, bolete mushrooms, lichen and Iceland moss. As an additive, fumaric acid is produced synthetically, mainly from malic acid from apples. Fumaric acid as an additive is regulated under the Codex Alimentarius General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA), a collection of internationally recognized standards.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration considers it safe.

天然物の起源Reported found in several plants, Fumaria offcinalis L , Boletus scaber Boll and lean raw fsh

使用fumaric acid is used to add fragrance to products and to decrease product pH. It can also help keep the pH stable. It is generally used in cleansers. Fumaric acid is naturally occurring in plants, such as lichen and Iceland moss, and in animals. For example, the skin produces fumaric acid when exposed to light. It can also F be synthetically manufactured.

一般的な説明A colorless crystalline solid. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Combustible, though may be difficult to ignite. Used to make paints and plastics, in food processing and preservation, and for other uses.