りん酸4-(メチルチオ)フェニルジプロピル

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic/

Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PROPAPHOS (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Because different classes of enzymes may be inhibited, the effects of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning may be complex and potentially at least could involve interactions with drugs as well as with other pesticides or chemicals. Potentiation may also involve solvents or other components of formulated pesticides. Certain drugs such a phenothiazines, antihistamines, CNS depressants, barbiturates, xanthines (theophylline), aminoglycosides and parasympathomimetic agents are to be avoided because of increased toxicity. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 400(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that propaphos is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of propaphos from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-7 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 125 mg/l(4). Propaphos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 400(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that propaphos is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-7 mm Hg (4), and water solubility, 125 mg/l(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 22(SRC), from its log Kow of 3.67(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). In natural waters, photooxidation of the sulfur atom is the main route of degradation and the second route is hydrolysis producing phenolic compounds(9). Propaphos is stable in neutral and acidic media, but is slowly decomposed in alkaline media(4). When an aqueous solution of propaphos was irradiated with a xenon lamp, propaphos was almost completely degraded in the range of 290-320 nm after 60 minutes(10). It is expected that propaphos will be easily decomposed in the environment where wavelengths of solar energy are >295 nm(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propaphos, which has a vapor pressure of 9.0X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2)), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propaphos is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6.4 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase propaphos may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

Measurement of whole blood-AChE is the most widely adopted method for monitoring the effects of occupational exposure to organophosphorus insecticides. Physiological variations in blood ChE levels occur in a healthy person and are seen among a population. It has been estimated that the coefficient of variation for AChE activity in samples from an individual is 8-11%, and that a decrease of 23% below pre-exposure level may, therefore, be considered significant. If the average of several pre-exposure values were available, then a decrease of 17% would be significant. It has been recommended that, if measured activity is reduced by 30% or more of the pre-exposure value, AChE measurements should be repeated at appropriate intervals to confirm the results. Depressions of AChE or ChE in excess of 20-25% are considered diagnostic of exposure but not, necessarily, indicative of hazard. Depressions of 30-50% or more are considered indicators for removal of an exposed individual from further contact with pesticides until levels return to normal. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

...Organophosphorus pesticides may undergo hydrolysis in vivo to yield substituted phosphoric acids that are subsequently excreted in urine. Advances in gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) have made it possible to analyse the urine of exposed persons for the presence of appropriate metabolites. It is usually necessary to preserve the sample by the addition of chloroform, to concentrate or extract the metabolite(s), and to convert them to suitably-volatile derivatives that can be detected by GC. Obviously, access to a well-equipped analytical laboratory, capable of the quick processing of samples, is a necessary factor if monitoring by urine analysis is proposed. However, in some cases, simpler and sensitive colorimetric tests are available for screening the urine of exposed persons. Thus, 4-nitrophenol can be measured directly in the urine of workers exposed to parathion. Consideration of the concentration of metabolite(s) in the urine can be helpful in determining patterns of exposure, and these concentrations can be calibrated against the effects on AChE for a particular pesticide. However, the time-course and peak of excretion of metabolites appears to vary according to dose, so that serial sampling and analyses of urine are desirable. Levels of metabolite alone cannot be considered a guide to hazard. This is obvious when it is realized that pesticides that have very different toxicities may yield identical acidic metabolites. Thus, the level of metabolites in urine, after exposure to sufficient amounts of the very toxic parathion-methyl to depress blood-AChE to 50%, will be much lower than that of the identical metabolites, following exposure to the related fenitrothion, which is about 40 times less toxic. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

SRP: Workers should undergo an annual medical exam. Contraindications for work with organophosporous pesticides are organic diseases of the CNS, mental disorders and epilepsy, and pronounced endocrine disorders. Blood cholinesterase, both plasma and RBC, must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed until cholinesterase activity is restored. /Organophosphorous pesticides/

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for propaphos can be estimated to be 400(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that propaphos is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Although many epidemiological studies have been carried out, few controlled studies on man have been reported. It is generally recognized that there are behavioural and psychic changes during overt clinical poisoning by organophosphorus insecticides and that these may take several months to regress. However, there is no information to suggest that effects occur at exposure levels that do not either alter ChE levels or produce physical symptoms. ...Much /of the work on different aspects of behavior as affected by organophasphates/ was based on generalized complaints from workers occupationally exposed to many agricultural chemicals (and probably also to automobile fuels and lubricants and to alcohol). In summary, ...in human subjects sufficiently exposed to organophosphates to depress plasma- or erythrocyte-ChEs, some or all of the following behavioral variables might be impaired. In cognition: vigilance, information processing and psychomotor speed, and memory; in speech: both performance and perception; in psychic state: increased tendencies to depression, anxiety, and irritability; and in EEG records: a tendency to faster frequencies and higher voltages. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Respiratory and ocular symptoms are expected to appear first after exposure to airborne organophosphorus pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The clinical picture of organophosphorus intoxication results from accumulation of ACh at nerve endings. ...The symptoms can be summarized in three groups as follows: (a) Muscarinic manifestations- increased bronchial secretion, excessive sweating, salivation, and lachrymation; pinpoint pupils, bronchoconstriction, abdominal cramps (vomiting and diarrhea); and bradycardia. (b) Nicotinic manifestations- fasciculation of fine muscles and, in more severe cases, of diaphragm and respiratory muscles; and tachycardia. (c) Central nervous system manifestations- headache, dizziness, restlessness, and anxiety; mental confusion, convulsions, and coma; and depression of the respiratory centre. All these symptoms can occur in different combinations and can vary in time of onset, sequence, and duration, depending on the chemical, dose, and route of exposure. Mild poisoning might include muscarinic and nicotinic signs only. Severe cases always show central nervous system involvement; the clinical picture is dominated by respiratory failure, sometimes leading to pulmonary edema, due to the combination of the above-mentioned symptoms. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /After skin exposure,/ localized sweating and fasciculation at the site of contact, with systemic effects occuring following absorption. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PROPAPHOS (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Propaphos' production may have result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as an insecticide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC). Propaphos is registered for use in Japan and Taiwan(2).

An estimated BCF of 22 was calculated for propaphos(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.67(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low, provided the compound is not altered physically or chemically after being released into the environment(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for propaphos is 2.9X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-7 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 125 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that propaphos is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3). Phopaphos' Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). Propaphos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

Used as systemic insecticide for rice; [HSDB]

Not commercially produced or used in the US; Likely discontinued for pesticide use worldwide (may still have active registrations in Japan and Taiwan); [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

Systemic insecticide with contact and stomach actions. Control of rice hoppers, rice leaf beetle, and rice water weevil.

5% granule and dust

Tradenames: 'Kayaphos' (Nippon Kayaku) ...Mixtures: 'Fuji-One Kayaphos Oncol' (+ benfuracarb+ isoprothiolane) (Nihon Nohyaku).

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Propaphos (technical grade) as an active ingredient believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as a pesticide.

Registered in Japan and Taiwan. /Kayaphos/