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化工社化工社 化学情報印刷レポート · 研究参考用
HCID 23935作成日：2026年10月27日

ネオン

ネオン · ネオンガス · Neガス · 10Ne · NEON · neongas · neon(0) · neon atom

https://huagongshe.com/ja/chemical/23935

ネオン の分子構造式

識別子と物理属性

CAS No.7440-01-9
分子式Ne
平均分子量20.18 g/mol
単同位体質量19.99244018 g/mol
SMILES[Ne]
InChIKeyGKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID23935
ChEBICHEBI:33310
EC No.231-110-9
DTXSIDDTXSID0064678
現地名ネオン

化学・物理的性質

極性表面積0
水素結合供与体数0
水素結合受容体数0
回転可能結合数0
重原子数1
形式電荷0
複雑度0
物質分類Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Simple Asphyxiants
SpringerMaterials Propertiesthermal expansion coefficient
LogP（分配係数）log Kow = 0.28
臭いOdorless
味Tasteless
密度0.825 g/LGAS: density: 0.899994 kg/cu m at 0 °C (101.3 kPa): 9.552 kg/cu m (normal BP)SOLID: normal density: 1444 kg/cu m (triple point)Heat of vaporization: 2.139 kJ/mol (triple point)Heat of fusion: 0.335 kJ/mol (triple point)1.204 @ BP0.9002(0℃)
Color/FormColorless gasMonoatomic, inert ... Does not condense at the temperature of liquid airsolid at the temperature of liquid hydrogenthe solid form exists as face-centered cubic crystals at normal pressure
溶解度NegligibleSolubility of gas in water (20 °C): 10.5 cu cm/kg waterSolubility in water: very poorslightly soluble in H2O10.5mL/100g H2O (20℃, 101.32kPa) [KIR78]ヘンリーの法則定数, k×104：13.023（70.0℃）、12.022（124.5℃）、9.805（174.5℃）、7.166（226.4℃）、4.160（283.7℃）【POT78】
沸点-246.053 °C-246.1 °C-245.9 °C @760 [mm Hg]−246 °C(lit.)
融点-248.609 °C triple point (43 kPa)-248.7 °C-248.67 °C-248.67 °C(lit.)
蒸気密度0.6964 (Air = 1)Relative vapor density (air = 1): 0.690.7 (21 °C, vs air)
Physical DescriptionNeon appears as a colorless odorless noncombustible gas. Chemically inert. The vapors are lighter than air. Nontoxic, but can act as a simple asphyxiant. Exposure of the container to prolonged heat or fire may cause it to rupture violently and rocket. Principal use is to fill lamp bulbs and tubes.Neon, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid) appears as a colorless, odorless, extremely cold liquid. Rapidly evolves into neon gas. Nontoxic and chemically inert. May act as an asphyxiate by displacement of oxygen. Contact with the liquid may cause frostbite. Exposure of container to prolonged heat or fire may cause violent rupture and rocket.A colorless odorless noncombustible gas[CAMEO]COLOURLESS ODOURLESS COMPRESSED GAS.
外観・状態無色のガス
色colorless
比熱容量Cp(gas): 1.03 J/(g·K), at 25℃
Merck13,6483
ヘンリー定数4.5×10-6 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Fernández-Prini et al. (2003)
誘電率1.000127(20.0℃)
安定性安定。非常に無反応。
InChIInChI=1S/Ne
InChIKeyGKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES[Ne]
EPAの化学物質情報Neon (7440-01-9)

化学的特性

Neon is an inert, colorless, odorless, tasteless gas or liquid.

安全性と法規制

GHS 分類WarningH280 (62.6%): Contains gas under pressuremay explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]P282, P336+P317, P403, and P410+P403 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 430 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
規制情報Chemical: NeonNeon: Non hazardousThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)
その他の安全情報IMAP assessments - Neon: Human health tier I assessment
輸送ラベル（DOT）Non-Flammable Gas
火災危険Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:· Non-flammable gases.Not combustible. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting.
健康有害性Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas.
有害性の概要Simple asphyxiantEvaporating liquid can cause frostbite[ICSC]
輸送番号・ガイド（DOT）1065 1201913 120
FDA 要件Diagnostic Devices. A neon gas analyzer is a device intended to measure the concentration of neon in a gas mixture exhaled by a patient. The device may use techniques such as mass spectrometry or thermal conductivity.
反応性グループNot Chemically Reactive
UN 分類UN Hazard Class: 2.2
Reactivity ProfileThese substances undergo no chemical reactions under any known circumstances. They are nonflammable, noncombustible and nontoxic. They can asphyxiate.These substances undergo no chemical reactions under any known circumstances. They are nonflammable, noncombustible and nontoxic. They can asphyxiate. Contact of very cold liquefied gas with water may result in vigorous or violent boiling of the product and extremely rapid vaporization due to the large temperature differences involved. If the water is hot, there is the possibility that a liquid "superheat" explosion may occur. Pressures may build to dangerous levels if liquid gas contacts water in a closed container [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980].

用途

解説

元素記号 Ne ，原子番号 10，原子量 20.1797。周期表 18族，希ガス元素の1つ。ネオンは，大気中に 0.00182%含まれ，液体空気の分留によって得られる。1898年イギリスのW・ラムゼーらが液体空気の分留の過程でクリプトンに続いて発見し、新しい気体元素の意から、ギリシア語で「新しい」を意味するネオンneonに由来して命名した。乾燥大気中には容量で約1.8ppm含まれている。希ガス元素中ではヘリウムに次いで沸点・融点が低く、空気液化後の残存気体から加圧冷却、吸着などの操作によって精製される。単体は無色，無臭の単原子気体で，沸点－245.9℃，臨界温度－228.7℃，臨界圧 28.86気圧。化学的にきわめて安定。ガイスラー管で容易に放電し，赤色の輝線スペクトルを発するので，ネオン管用に広く使われている。低圧気体での放電によって赤色の輝線スペクトルを発し、他の希ガス気体あるいは水銀蒸気などとの混合気体での放電によってさまざまな色調の発光を示す。ネオンサイン、放電管、溶接保護ガスなどに利用される。

解説

Ne．原子番号10の元素．電子配置[He]2s22p6の周期表18族希ガス元素の一つ．原子量20.1797(6)．質量数20(90.48(3)％)，21(0.27(1)％)，22(9.25(3)％)の3種の安定同位体と，質量数16～32，34の放射性同位体が知られている．ネオンは，1898年にW. Ramsay(ラムゼー)とM.W. Traversにより，液体空気中に発見され，ギリシア語の“新しい”を意味するνεοζ"(neos)から命名された．大気中に65000：1の割合で微量存在し，液体空気の分留により得られる．無色，無臭の気体．融点24.48 K，沸点27.10 K．臨界定数44.49 K，2.6786 MPa，0.48192 g mL－1．液体の密度1.2070 g cm－3(沸点)．蒸発熱(沸点)1.7326 kJ mol－1．第一イオン化エネルギー21.564 eV．化学的には不活性である．普通の意味の化合物はフッ化物を含め，まだ確認されていない．理論的にも存在は疑問視されている．低圧放電により赤橙色に強く光るので，ネオンサイン用にもっとも多く用いられる．そのほか，指示灯，電子管用充填ガス，冷媒などとして用いられる．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）

説明

In 1898, Dr William Ramsay and Morris M. Travers, a Scottish scientist and a British scientist, respectively, discovered neon as a condensation product in liquefied air, as in a process similar to that used to collect neon today. Neon’s use in lighting evolved from discoveries that gases under low pressure conduct electricity. When some flowing electrons collide with residual gas in an evacuated glass tube, the resulting ions emit light as they return to their nonexcited state. The color of the light depends on the residual gas; neon gas produces a red color and argon, another inert gas often used in tubes (which are frequently and incorrectly called neon lights), produces a blue color. These two basic colors are often modified into many different hues by the addition of such elements as mercury and cadmium. The neon found on the Earth is considered to be primordial in origin. Most of the neon is sequestered in the Earth’s rocks or dissolved in water, with small amounts escaping into the atmosphere during geologic weathering. The escaped gas is slowly lost into space faster than it is replenished. Consequently, neon constitutes only a small part (0.0018%) of the Earth’s atmosphere, although this element is estimated to be the fourth most abundant in the universe.

天然物の起源

Neon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe, but it makes up only 18.18ppm of the Earth’s atmosphere. It is the 82nd most abundant element on Earth. Neon is believed to be produced by radioactive decay deep in the Earth. As it rises to thesurface, it escapes into the atmosphere and is soon dissipated. Some neon is found mixed withnatural gas and several minerals. Neon is produced as a secondary product of the fractional distillation of liquid nitrogenand oxygen. Air is liquefied, and as it warms, nitrogen and oxygen boil off, leaving behindseveral other colder gases, including about 75% neon, which is then passed through activatedcharcoal to remove hydrogen and other gases.

製法・合成法

純化方法

Pass the gas through a copper coil packed with 60/80 mesh 13X molecular sieves which is cooled in liquid N2, or through a column of Ascarite (NaOH-coated silica adsorbent).

Physical DangersThe gas is lighter than air.
消火Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water.
応急処置措置Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.
漏出応急措置· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
応急処置Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:General First Aid:
安全保管Fireproof if in building. Keep in a well-ventilated room.
暴露管理・個人防護· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
消火手順If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Neon, compressedNeon, refrigerated liquid/Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.
保管条件Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Contents under pressure.
清掃方法Personal precautions: Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Clean up promptly by sweeping or vacuum.
非火災時の漏出対応Excerpt from ERG Guide 120 [Gases - Inert (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:
処分方法SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
漏出処分Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation.
相互作用...The anesthetic properties of helium and neon at hyperbaric pressures /were assessed/ by testing their capacity to decrease anesthetic requirement for desflurane using electrical stimulation of the tail as the anesthetic endpoint (ie, the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration [MAC]) in rats. Partial pressures of helium or neon near those predicted to produce anesthesia by the Meyer-Overton hypothesis (approximately 80-90 atm), tended to increase desflurane MAC, and these partial pressures of helium and neon produced convulsions when administered alone. ... It has been thought that the high pressures of helium and neon that might be needed to produce anesthesia, antagonize their anesthetic properties (pressure reversal of anesthesia). /The authors/ propose an alternative explanation: like other compounds with a low affinity to water, helium and neon are intrinsically without anesthetic effect.
有害作用Other Poison - Simple Asphyxiant
Signs and SymptomsDizziness. Lethargy. Headache. Suffocation.
Natural Pollution SourcesNeon is a rare gaseous element present in the atmosphere to the extent of 1 part in 65,000 parts of air.
Human Toxicity Excerpts/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Contact with the liquid can cause frostbite. /Neon, refrigerated liquid//OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Neon is among the number of gases and vapors that, when present in high concentrations in air, act primarily as simple asphyxiants without other significant physiologic effects.
Probable Routes of Human ExposureNIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,416 workers (125 of these were female) were potentially exposed to neon in the US(1).
Antidote and Emergency TreatmentImmediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Simple asphyxiants and related compounds/Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Use rapid rewarming techniques if frostbite occurs ... . /Simple asphyxiants and related compounds/Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . /Simple asphyxiants and related compounds/
F4.5-31
水環境危害等級（WGK）3
TSCA 収載状態TSCA listed
RTECS 番号QP4450000
輸送番号（UN）UN 1913 2.2 (NEON, REFRIGERATED LIQUID)
安全措置（S）38
危険等級2.2
DOT Classification2.2 (Nonflammable gas)
有害物質データ7440-01-9(Hazardous Substances Data)

来歴

Discovered by Ramsay and Travers in 1898. Neon is a rare gaseous element present in the atmosphere to the extent of 1 part in 65,000 of air. It is obtained by liquefaction of air and separated from the other gases by fractional distillation. Natural neon is a mixture of three isotopes. Fourteen other unstable isotopes are known. It is very inert element; however, it is said to form a compound with fluorine. It is still questionable if true compounds of neon exist, but evidence is mounting in favor of their existence. The following ions are known from optical and mass spectrometric studies: Ne+, (NeAr)+, (NeH)+, and (HeNe+). Neon also forms an unstable hydrate. In a vacuum discharge tube, neon glows reddish orange. Of all the rare gases, the discharge of neon is the most intense at ordinary voltages and currents. Neon is used in making the common neon advertising signs, which accounts for its largest use. It is also used to make high-voltage indicators, lightning arrestors, wave meter tubes, and TV tubes. Neon and helium are used in making gas lasers. Liquid neon is now commercially available and is finding important application as an economical cryogenic refrigerant. It has over 40 times more refrigerating capacity per unit volume than liquid helium and more than three times that of liquid hydrogen. It is compact, inert, and is less expensive than helium when it meets refrigeration requirements. Neon costs about $800/80 cu. ft. (2265 l).

使用

Gas in neon light tubes; ingredient of gaseous fillers for antifog devices, warning signals, electrical current detectors, high-voltage indicators for high-tension electric lines, lightning arresters, wave-meter tubes; in Ne-He lasers; in mixtures with He and Ar in Geiger counters. Liquid as cryogen to produce low temperetures.

一般的な説明

A colorless odorless noncombustible gas. Chemically inert. The vapors are lighter than air. Nontoxic, but can act as a simple asphyxiant. Exposure of the container to prolonged heat or fire may cause NEON to rupture violently and rocket. Principal use is to fill lamp bulbs and tubes.