22541-16-8[Pm]VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-NPromethium atom is a lanthanoid atom and a f-block element atom.
22541-16-8、7440-12-2DTXSID4047755CHEBI:33373化学的特性silvery metal; enthalpy of sublimation is 348kJ/mol (estimated); radius of atom is 0.1811nm; radius of ion is 0.0979 nm; Pr+++has yellow-colored solutions [KIR82]
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All isotopes are radioactive (mass numbers = 132-155); Pm-145 has the longest half-life at 17.7 years, an alpha emitter; Present at low levels in uranium ores; [Merck Index] The stable rare earth compounds cause benign and other pneumoconioses, but Promethium is not stable. [Reference #2] Pm-147 with a half-life of 2.6 years is the most useful isotope. Pm-145 has the longest half-life; it has a specific activity of 940 Ci/g. See Radiation, Ionizing.
Promethium
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Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential
2007
Promethium is present in rare earth minerals Pm-147 in minute quantities (< 10E-19 %) as a result of cosmic ray reactions and spontaneous fission of U-238. [Ullmann] Used in nuclear-powered batteries, thickness gauges, luminous compounds, and portable x-ray sources; [Merck Index] Searches for the element on earth have been fruitless, and it now appears that promethium is completely missing from the earth's crust. [Reference #1]
解説Pm.原子番号61の元素.電子配置[Xe]4f 56s2の周期表3族ランタノイド元素.希土類元素セリウム族の一つ.質量数126~163までの同位体核種が知られている.すべて放射性核種.安定同位体は存在しない.地上には存在しないが,アンドロメダ星雲中の星に分光スペクトルから存在が観測された.もっとも長寿命(半減期17.7 y)の同位体の質量数は145.1941年,オハイオ州立大学のサイクロトンでネオジム,プラセオジムを重陽子で照射して生成したと報告し,サイクロニウムと命名したが確認されず,J.A. Marinsky,L.E. Glendenin,C.D. Coryellがオークリッジ国立研究所の黒鉛炉の核分裂生成物からイオン交換樹脂で分離してはじめて1945年に確認された.軍事機密とされていたので発表は1947年.人工元素であることから天上から火を盗んだとされるギリシア神話のプロメテウスにちなんで命名された.密度7.22 g cm-3.融点1042 ℃,沸点2700 ℃.第一イオン化エネルギー5.582 eV.原子半径183 pm.主要酸化数3で化学的性質はネオジム,サマリウムに似ている.30種類あまりの化合物がつくられた.プロメチウム塩は高い放射能のために暗闇で淡青または緑色蛍光を発する.もっとも普及している用途は,蛍光灯点灯管の放電開始特性向上用で,半減期2.62 y の β- 崩壊核種 147Pm が用いられている.[CAS 7440-12-2]森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)
来歴The discovery of this element is credited to J.A. Marinsky and L.E. Glendenin who, in 1945, identified its long-lived isotope Pm-147 (t1/2 2.64 years) in the fission products of uranium. They named the element after Prometheus, who according to Greek mythology stole fire from heaven. The element was first isolated from fission product wastes by G.W. Parker and P.M. Lantz in 1948. It first was recovered from natural sources by O. Erametsa in 1965. An amount less than 0.5 g was recovered from 20 tons of rare earths.Promethium does not occur in metallic form in nature. Minute quantities are associated with other rare earths. It also is detected in uranium fission products. It is probably the rarest of the lanthanide elements.Promethium has very limited applications. It is used in phosphor lights to produce signals. Also, it is used as a beta particle source for thickness gages, nuclear batteries, and portable x-ray units.
使用Promethium-147 is used in the manufacture of luminescent paint for watch dials, as well as being a source of beta rays.
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Promethium-147, the isotope used commercially, is isolated from fission product wastes. The radioactive materials must be handled safely in a glove box. The metal complexes either with ethlenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and is isolated by elution from Dowex 50.The metal may be obtained from its fluoride salt, promethium(III) fluoride by heating with lithium metal in a double tantalum crucible at 700 to 800°C in vacuum and then increasing the temperature to 1,100°C.