| GHS 分類 | WarningH400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 52.5% (1818 of 3463) of all reports.H302 (21.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral] |
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| 規制情報 | Chemical: CopperHazard Traits - BioaccumulationEnvironmental PersistenceRespiratory ToxicityCopper is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Copper are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 26-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15562Copper, powder: HSNO Approval: HSR002948 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
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| その他の安全情報 | IMAP assessments - Copper: Human health tier I assessment |
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| 輸送ラベル（DOT） | Flammable Solid |
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| 火災危険 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:Combustible. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air. |
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| 健康有害性 | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Copper (dusts and mists, as Cu): |
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| 有害性の概要 | Copper is a metal that occurs naturally throughout the environment, in rocks, soil, water, and air. Copper is an essential element in plants and animals (including humans), which means it is necessary for us to live. Therefore, plants and animals must absorb some copper from eating, drinking, and breathing. Copper is used to make many different kinds of products like wire, plumbing pipes, and sheet metal. U.S. pennies made before 1982 are made of copper, while those made after 1982 are only coated with copper. Copper is also combined with other metals to make brass and bronze pipes and faucets. Copper compounds are commonly used in agriculture to treat plant diseases like mildew, for water treatment and, as preservatives for wood, leather, and fabrics.Copper fumes can cause metal fume fever. Hemolytic anemia has been reported after toxic ingestion. [Rosenstock, p. 983] In acidic conditions, metallic copper releases toxic copper ions. Acute copper poisoning can cause liver injury, methemoglobinemia, and hemolytic anemia. Acute renal failure may result, secondary to massive hemoglobinuria. [Goldfrank, p. 1256-60] There are two TLVs, one for Copper, fume, as Cu and one for Copper, dusts and mists, as Cu. There is also a MAK for Copper and its inorganic compounds. [ACGIH] Copper in drinking water at >4 mg/L can cause gastrointestinal distress. At higher doses, ingested copper salts can cause hemolysis and injury to the liver and kidneys. [Nordberg, p. 765] In high-dose animal studies, excess copper is embryotoxicWomen with Wilson's disease (excess copper) may have infertility and increased spontaneous abortions[REFPROTOX] See Copper sulfate. |
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| FDA 要件 | Certification of this color additive when used in coloring externally applied drugs, including those intended for use in the area of the eye, in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice is not necessary for the protection of the public health, and therefore batches thereof are exempt from the certification pursuant to section 721(c) of the act. /Copper powder/ |
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| 反応性グループ | Metals, Less Reactive |
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| UN 分類 | UN Hazard Class: 4.1UN Pack Group: II |
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| Special Reports | NASMedical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants Copper (1974)USEPAAmbient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Copper (1980) EPA 440/5-80-036.Health Issue Assessment: Copper (1987) EPA/600/8-87/001.Drinking Water Criteria Document for Copper (Final Draft) (1985) EPA-600/X-84-190-1For more Special Reports (Complete) data for COPPER, ELEMENTAL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Reactivity Profile | COPPER combines violently with chlorine trifluoride in the presence of carbon [Mellor 2, Supp. 1, 1956]. Is oxidized by sodium peroxide with incandescence [Mellor 2:490-93, 1946-1947]. Forms an unstable acetylide when acetylene is passed over samples that have been heated enough to form an oxide coating. Reacts more rapidly in powdered or granular form. Subject to explosive reaction then mixed in finely divided form with finely divided bromates chlorates and iodates of barium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, or zincthese reactions are initiated by heat, percussion, and occasionally light friction [Mellor 2:310, 1946-1947]. A solution of sodium azide in copper pipe with lead joints formed copper azide and lead azide, both of these compounds can detonate [Klotz, 1973]. |
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| 大気基準 | ... Substances for which a Federal Register notice has been published that included consideration of the serious health effects, including cancer, from ambient air exposure to the substance. Copper (52 FR 5496Feb 23, 1987) is included on this list. |
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| 消火 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]:Use special powder, dry sand. NO other agents. Water may be ineffective. |
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| 応急処置措置 | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . |
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| 応急処置 | Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Copper (dusts and mists, as Cu):(General first aid procedures) |
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| 安全保管 | See Chemical Dangers. |
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| 暴露管理・個人防護 | 0.01 [mg/m3], respirable fraction (metal and inorg. Compounds)[German Research Foundation (DFG)] |
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| 清掃方法 | 1. VENTILATE AREA OF RELEASE. 2. COLLECT SPILLED MATERIAL IN THE MOST CONVENIENT AND SAFE MANNER FOR RECLAMATION, OR FOR DISPOSAL IN A SECURE SANITARY LANDFILL. LIQ CONTAINING COPPER SHOULD BE ABSORBED IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH, OR A SIMILAR MATERIAL. /COPPER DUSTS & MISTS/ |
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| 非火災時の漏出対応 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]: |
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| 処分方法 | SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.Alternative treatment processes for metal bearing hazardous waste streams are reviewed. Precipitation is the preferred treatment process for removing toxic heavy metals from electroplating waters. Precipitation processes include hydroxide, lime and/or sulfide treatment. Chemical reduction is used to treat complex metals such as nickel, copper, hexavalent chromium waste, soluble lead, silver, metal containing cyanide, and mercury. Adsorption has shown potential for treating and polishing aqueous metal bearing wastes. Activated carbon, activated alumina, and iron filings are all applicable adsorbents. Alkaline chlorination and incineration are effective cyanide destruction treatments. Evaporation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and electrolytic recovery are waste reduction and recovery techniques applicable to metal bearing hazardous streams.COPPER DUSTS OR MIST AND COPPER CMPD MAY BE DISPOSED OF IN SEALED CONTAINERS IN A SECURED SANITARY LANDFILL. /COPPER DUSTS & MISTS/ |
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| 漏出処分 | Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
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| Preventive Measures | The prevention of metal fume fever is a matter of keeping exposure below the level of concn currently accepted as satisfactory for working with copper in industry. The employment of local exhaust ventilation is a necessary measure to collect fumes at their source.SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.The major hazards are exposure to ore dusts during ore processing & smelting, metal fumes ... during smelting, sulfur dioxide & carbon monoxide during most smelting operations, ...& sulfuric acid & electrical hazards during electrolytic processes. Precautions include: local exhaust ventilation (LEV) for dusts during transfer operationslocal exhaust & dilution ventilation for sulfur dioxide & carbon monoxide... protective clothing and shields... . Respiratory protection is commonly worn to protect against dusts, fumes & sulfur dioxide.Employees should wash promptly when skin is contaminated. Work clothing should be changed daily if clothing is contaminated. Remove nonimpervious clothing promptly if contaminated. /Copper and compounds/For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for COPPER, ELEMENTAL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]: |
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| Eye Prevention | Wear safety goggles. |
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| 毒性学的情報 | CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile |
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| Treatment | In cases of suspected copper poisoning, penicillamine is the drug of choice, and dimercaprol, a heavy metal chelating agent, is often administered. Vinegar is not recommended, as it assists in solubilizing insoluble copper salts. |
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| 標的器官 | Gastrointestinal (Digestive), Hepatic (Liver)Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys (increased risk with Wilson's disease) |
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| 健康影響 | Copper toxicity, also called copperiedus, refers to the consequences of an excess of copper in the body. Copperiedus can occur from eating acid foods cooked in uncoated copper cookware, or from exposure to excess copper in drinking water or other environmental sources. Very-high doses of copper can damage liver and kidneys, and can even cause death. Copper may induce allergic responses in sensitive individuals. (L278, L279) |
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| Hepatotoxicity | Acute hepatotoxicity of copper is usually the result of ingestion of toxic amounts (1 to 10 g), often as a suicide attempt. In children, accidental poisoning can occur, particularly with ingestion of coins. Initial symptoms may be metallic taste and gastrointestinal distress due to gastric or small bowel erosions. Acute overdoses of copper can lead to early appearance of cardiovascular collapse, coma and death within hours. Liver injury tends to arise after 24 to 72 hours and is characterized by marked elevations in serum aminotransferase levels, minimal increases in alkaline phosphatase, early appearance of hepatic failure, and elevation in prothrombin time and ensuing jaundice. Shock and renal failure may also be present as well as rhabdomyolysis and severe hemolytic anemia. The overall clinical pattern of the liver injury is that of acute hepatic necrosis, and the hepatic manifestations resemble the acute toxicity of iron and zinc, and can be reproduced in animals. Shock and rhabdomyolysis may contribute to the serum enzyme elevations while hemolytic anemia may account for some of the increase in total bilirubin levels. Therapy of copper overdose includes gastric lavage, fluid replacement, dimercaprol (BAL) and penicillamine, with blood transfusions for hemolytic anemia and dialysis for acute renal failure. |
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| 環境中動態 | Terrestrial Fate: The fate of copper with respect to its leachability in purely organic spruce forest soils was studied. Appreciable mobilization of copper occurred only with prolonged leaching at pH 2.8. Therefore, it does not appear likely that acidic rainfall will result in significant mobilization of copper from organic soils unless the pH of rainfall decreases to < 3. ... Estimated that approx 50% of copper in the top few centimeters of these soils was organically bound, approx 18% was in the hydroxy carbonate form, approx 7% was in the adsorbed state, approx 11% was bound by other anions and 6% was irreversibly adsorbed. Only 3% of the copper was extractable with water at pH 4.5hence only 3% was mobile at this pH. ... In urbanized areas the effects of land clearing, profile disruption and increased acid rainfall may increase copper mobilization in these soils. |
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| 有害作用 | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. |
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| 暴露経路 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contactOral (L277)inhalation (L277)dermal (L277) |
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| 毒性の概要 | Excess copper is sequestered within hepatocyte lysosomes, where it is complexed with metallothionein. Copper hepatotoxicity is believed to occur when the lysosomes become saturated and copper accumulates in the nucleus, causing nuclear damage. This damage is possibly a result of oxidative damage, including lipid peroxidation. Copper inhibits the sulfhydryl group enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, and paraoxonases, which protect the cell from free oxygen radicals. It also influences gene expression and is a co-factor for oxidative enzymes such as cytochrome C oxidase and lysyl oxidase. In addition, the oxidative stress induced by copper is thought to activate acid sphingomyelinase, which lead to the production of ceramide, an apoptotic signal, as well as cause hemolytic anemia. Copper-induced emesis results from stimulation of the vagus nerve. (L277, T49, A174, L280) |
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| Plant Concentrations | The contents of copper, molybdenum, sulphur, zinc, selenium, iron, manganese, and the copper/molybdenum ratio were determined in different native plant species from a mountain area of central southern Norway. The overall mean values and ranges (mg/kg DM) were copper: 6.0, 0.9-27.2molybdenum: 0.25, 0.01-3.57zinc: 77, 8-320selenium: 0.05, less than 0.01-0.32iron: 208, 15-2245manganese: 338, 31-3784sulfur: (g/100 g DM) 0.20, 0.03-0.56copper/molybdenum: 79, 1-7955. Levels of the individual elements showed considerable variability, both between and within plant groups. Mineral contents were compared with the established requirements for sheep and cattle, the following conclusion being drawn. The levels of zinc, sulphur, iron, and manganese were found to be adequate for ruminants. |
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| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Headache. Shortness of breath. Sore throat.Redness.Redness. Pain.Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting.irritation eyes, nose, pharynxnasal septum perforationmetallic tastedermatitisIn Animals: lung, liver, kidney damageanemiaBreathing high levels of copper can cause irritation of the nose and throat. Acute symptoms of copper poisoning by ingestion include vomiting, hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hypotension (low blood pressure), melena (black "tarry" feces), coma, jaundice (yellowish pigmentation of the skin), and gastrointestinal distress. Individuals with glucose-6-phosphate deficiency may be at increased risk of hematologic effects of copper. Hemolytic anemia resulting from the treatment of burns with copper compounds is infrequent. Chronic (long-term) effects of copper exposure can damage the liver and kidneys. |
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| ICSC Environmental Data | The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain. |
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| CERCLA 報告数量 | Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). |
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| 清浄水法要件 | The permissible concn of total recoverable copper in water to protect freshwater aquatic life is 5.6 ug/l as a 24 hr avg. The log of this concn should not exceed the numerical value of log (0.94 In (hardness) -1.23). The corresponding value to protect saltwater aquatic life is 4.0 ug/l as a 24 hr avg, and should not exceed 23 ug/l at any time. /Total recoverable copper/Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Copper and cmpd/ |
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| 州飲料水ガイドライン | (AZ) ARIZONA 1300 ug/l |
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| Federal Drinking Water Standards | EPA 1300 ug/l (Action Level) |
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| 連邦飲料水ガイドライン | EPA 1000 ug/l |
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