亜硝酸ナトリウム

化学的特性Sodium nitrite, NaN02, is a fire-hazardous, air-sensitive, yellowish white powder that is soluble in water and decomposes at temperatures above 320°C (608 °F). Sodium nitrite is used as an intermediate for dye stuffs and for pickling of meat, in dyeing of textiles, in rustproofing, in medicine, and as a reagent in organic chemistry.

解説亜硝酸ナトリウム，NaNO2(69.00)．溶融した硝酸ナトリウムを鉛で還元した生成物から水で抽出すると得られる．工業的には，一酸化窒素と二酸化窒素のほぼ1：1混合ガスを水酸化ナトリウムに吸収させてつくる．斜方晶系，無色または淡黄色のイオン結晶．NO2－は，N-O1.24 Å，∠O-N-O115°．密度2.17 g cm－3．融点271 ℃．320 ℃ で分解する．潮解性があり，水に易溶．水溶液は弱アルカリ性を示す．有機ジアゾニウム塩の合成，食肉加工，さび止め，繊維の漂白，金属の表面処理，分析試薬(ジアゾ化滴定)などに用いられる．また，血管拡張剤として，シアン中毒患者の治療にも利用される．

用途熱処理剤、発泡剤

用途汎用試薬、有機合成原料。

用途ジアゾ滴定用標準液。

用途有機合成原料,写真薬?医薬?染料原料,食品添加物,発色剤,化学プラントなどの加熱?冷却システム用熱媒体

説明Sodium nitrite is similar in name and use to sodium nitrate. Both are preservatives used in processed meats, such as salami, hot dogs, and bacon. Sodium nitrite has been synthesized by several chemical reactions that involve the reduction of sodium nitrate. Industrial production of sodium nitrite is primarily by the absorption of nitrogen oxides into aqueous sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide. Over the years, sodium nitrite has raised some concerns about its safety in foods, but it remains in use and there are indications that it may actually be healthy. Sodium nitrite was developed during the 1960s. In 1977, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) considered banning it but the USDA’s final ruling on the additive came out in 1984, allowing its use. Studies in the 1990s indicated some adverse effects of sodium nitrite, for instance the potential to cause childhood leukemia and brain cancers. In the late 1990s, the National Toxicity Program (NTP) began a review of sodium nitrite and proposed listing sodium nitrite as a developmental and reproductive toxicant, but a report in 2000 by NTP proposed that sodium nitrite is not a toxic substance and removed it from the list of developmental and reproductive toxicants. It is now believed that it can help with organ transplants and leg vascular problems, while preventing heart attacks and sickle cell disease.

使用Sodium nitrite is used to fix the colors in preserved fish and meats. It is also important(along with sodium chloride) in controlling the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which causes botulism. Lunch meats, hams, sausages, hot dogs, and bacon are usually preserved this way.In medicines, it is a vasodilator, intestinal relaxant, bronchodilator, and an antidote to cyanide and hydrogen sulfide poisoning.Sodium nitrite is produced in the human body by the action of saliva on sodium nitrate, and is important in controlling bacteria in the stomach, to prevent gastroenteritis. The body produces more sodium nitrite than is consumed in food.Sodium nitrite can react with proteins in the stomach or during cooking, especially in high heat (such as frying bacon), to form carcinogenic N-nitrosamines.To prevent this, ascorbic acid or erythorbic acid is commonly added to cured meats.manufacture of diazo dyes, nitroso Compounds, and in many other processes of manufacture of organic chemicals; dyeing and printing textile fabrics; bleaching flax, silk, and linen.