化工社化工社 化学情報印刷レポート · 研究参考用
ベンジルアルコール
ベンジルアルコール · ベンゼンメタノール · フェニルカルビノール · ヒドロキシメチルベンゼン · (ヒドロキシメチル)ベンゼン · 4-(ヒドロキシメチル)ベンゼン · フェニルメタノール · ベンジルアルコル
識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 100-51-6 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | C7H8O |
| 平均分子量 | 108.14 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 108.05751488 g/mol |
| SMILES | OCc1ccccc1 |
| InChIKey | WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 244 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL720 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:17987 |
| EC No. | 202-859-9 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID5020152 |
| 現地名 | ベンジルアルコール |
化学・物理的性質
| XLogP | 1.1 |
|---|---|
| 極性表面積 | 20.2 |
| 水素結合供与体数 | 1 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 1 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 1 |
| 重原子数 | 8 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 55.4 |
| 医薬品 | Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15 |
| Polymers | Other Classes -> Alcohols and Polyols, Other |
| 化粧品 | Cosmetics ingredient -> BaseBulking/ViscosityConditioning/EmollientFlavorFragranceMoisturizing/HumectantOpacifying AgentOther (Specify)Preservative/StabilizerSolventSurfactantCosmetic ingredients (Benzyl Alcohol) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review) |
| pH | A solution in water is neutral to litmus |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum |
| 香料 | Fragrance Ingredient (Benzyl alcohol) -> IFRA transparency List |
| 農薬 | Biocide |
| LogP（分配係数） | log Kow = 1.101.19 |
| 臭い | Faint aromatic odorマイルドで心地よい。 |
| 味 | Sharp burning taste |
| 食品添加物 | FLAVORING AGENT OR ADJUVANT, SOLVENT OR VEHICLE -> FDA Substance added to food |
| 密度 | 1.05 at 1515 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink1.0419 g/cu cm at 24 °CPercent in saturated air at 20 °C: 0.02density of saturated air: 1.0005 (air = 1)Liquid heat capacity = 0.520 BTU/lb-F at 68 °FLiquid thermal conductivity = 1.088 BTU-in/hr-sq ft-F at 70 °FSaturated vapor density = 0.00161 lb/cu ft at 180 °FIdeal gas heat capacity = 0.276 BTU/lb-F at 60 °FRelative density (water = 1): 1.041.040-1.0501.045 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| 融点 | -15 °C |
| 沸点 | 205 °C |
| 蒸気密度 | 3.7 (vs air) |
| 蒸気圧 | 13.3 mm Hg ( 100 °C) |
| 屈折率 | n20/D 1.539(lit.) |
| FEMA | 2137 | BENZYL ALCOHOL |
| 引火点 | 201 °F |
| 貯蔵条件 | Store at +2°C to +25°C. |
| 溶解度 | H2O: 33 mg/mL 無色透明4.29g/100mL(20℃) |
| 外観・状態 | 液体 |
| pKa（酸解離定数） | 14.36±0.10(Predicted) |
| 色 | APHA: ≤20 |
| においのタイプ | 花柄 |
| 由来生物 | synthetic |
| 爆発限界 | 1.3-13%(V) |
| 比熱容量 | Cp(liquid): 2.01 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| JECFA Number | 25 |
| Merck | 14,1124 |
| BRN | 878307 |
| ヘンリー定数 | -7 at 25 °C (thermodynamic method-GC/UV, Altschuh et al., 1999) |
| 誘電率 | 13.1(20℃) |
| 化粧品成分の機能 | 粘度制御溶媒防腐剤香料 |
| InChI | 1S/C7H8O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6H2 |
| InChIKey | WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | OCc1ccccc1 |
| LogP（分配係数） | 1.05 at 20℃ |
| 表面張力 | 39.2mN/m at 293.15K |
| CAS データベース | 100-51-6(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NISTの化学物質情報 | Benzyl alcohol(100-51-6) |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | Benzyl alcohol (100-51-6) |
化学的特性
ベンジルアルコールは化学式でC7H8Oと表される有機化合物です芳香族アルコールの一種であり無色の液体として存在し微かな芳香が特徴です自然界では多くの花や果物に微量で存在しその香りに寄与しています工業的には様々な化学合成の中間体や化粧品香料薬品など幅広い用途で使用されています
化学的特性
Benzyl alcohol occurs in many essential oils and foods. It is a colorless liquid with a weak, slightly sweet odor. Benzyl alcohol can be oxidized to benzaldehyde, for example, with nitric acid. Dehydrogenation over a copper–magnesium oxide–pumice catalyst also leads to the aldehyde. Esterification of benzyl alcohol results in a number of important fragrance and flavor materials. Diphenylmethane is prepared by a Friedel–Crafts reaction of benzyl alcohol and benzene with aluminum chloride or concentrated sulfuric acid. By heating benzyl alcohol in the presence of strong acids or strong bases, dibenzyl ether is formed.
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | WarningH302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 4746) of reports.H302 (> 99.9%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral] |
|---|---|
| 規制情報 | Chemical: BenzenemethanolHazard Traits - Fragrance AllergenRegulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (amended)Benzenemethanol is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Benzenemethanol are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 18-05-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14748Benzenemethanol: HSNO Approval: HSR001039 Approved with controls |
| その他の安全情報 | IMAP assessments - Benzenemethanol: Human health tier II assessment |
| 火災危険 | This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992) |
| 火災の可能性 | Slight, when exposed to heat or flame ...Combustible |
| 健康有害性 | Inhalation of vapor may cause irritation of upper respiratory tract. Prolonged or excessive inhalation may result in headache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In severe cases, respiratory stimulation followed by respiratory and muscular paralysis, convulsions, narcosis and death may result. Ingestion may produce severe irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, followed by nausea, vomiting, cramps and diarrheatissue ulceration may result. Contact with eyes causes local irritation. Material can be absorbed through skin with anesthetic or irritant effect. (USCG, 1999) |
| 有害性の概要 | Rarely causes allergic contact dermatitis[Marks, p. 136] Occupational contact urticaria has been reported. [PMID 11766131] A skin and eye irritantInhalation of high concentrations may cause CNS effectsMay cause skin sensitization[ICSC] No deaths in rats exposed to saturated concentrations (100-200 ppm) for 2 hoursRapidly metabolized to hippuric acidHas caused deaths in premature infants when given in IV solutions >4.5 mg/kg-day[AIHA] Included in list of established contact allergens in humans[EC: Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety: Fragrance allergens in cosmetic products (2011)] |
| FDA 要件 | Diluents in color additive mixtures for drug use exempt from certification. The following diluents may be safely used in color additive mixtures that are exempt from certification and which are to be used for coloring drugs, subject to the condition that each straight color in the mixture has been exempted from certification or, if not so exempted, is from a batch that has previously been certified and has not changed in composition since certification. Such listing of diluents is not to be construed as superseding any of the other requirements of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act with respect to drugs, including new drugs. If a definition and specification for a particular diluent is not set forth in this subpart, the material shall be of a purity consistent with its intended use. ... Externally applied drugs: Benzyl alcohol is included on this list.Benzyl alcohol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.Benzyl alcohol is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: benzyl alcohol is included in male genital desensitizer drug products.For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for BENZYL ALCOHOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 反応性グループ | Alcohols and Polyols |
| EC 分類 | Symbol: XnR: 20/22S: (2)-26 |
| Special Reports | Organization for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentScreening Information Data Set for Benzoates, CAS #s 65-85-0, 532-32-1, 582-25-2, 100-51-6, 320 pp. (2001). This OECD Initial Assessment of HPV Chemicals is part of a series of OECD SIDS documents published by UNEP Chemicals to facilitate the access to information needed for health and environmental risk assessments of chemicals.European Medicines Agency (EMEA), The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit, Committee for Veterinary Medicinal ProductsBenzyl Alcohol, Summary Report (1997). This report summarizes the toxicological information on benzyl alcohol to support a proposal for use in food-producing species.DHHS/NTPToxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Alcohol in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice Technical Report Series No. 343 (1989) NIH Publication No. 89-2599European Chemicals BureauIUCLID Dataset, Benzyl alcohol (100-51-6), 72 pp. (2000 CD-ROM edition).[Available from, as of August 5, 2005: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]Nair B.Final report on the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. Int J Toxicol. 20 Suppl 3: 23-50 (2001)[Nair BInt J Toxicol 20 Suppl 3: 23-50 (2001)] |
| EPA Safer Chemical | Chemical: Benzyl alcohol |
| FIFRA 要件 | As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Benzyl alcohol is found on List D. Case No: 4013Pesticide type: insecticide, fungicideCase Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the RED document.Active ingredient (AI): benzyl alcoholAI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products ... "cancelled." |
| 消火 | Use powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide. |
| 応急処置措置 | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention . |
| 応急処置 | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. |
| 安全保管 | Separated from strong oxidants. |
| Firefighting Hazards | Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides. |
| 暴露管理・個人防護 | 5.0 [ppm] |
| 消火手順 | Foam, carbon dioxide, dry chem ...If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Benzyl alcohol (Combustible liquid, NOS)/Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary. |
| 保管条件 | Benzyl alcohol is stored in stainless steel tanks. Because benzyl alcohol oxidizes readily, it is advisable to cover the surface of the liquid with nitrogen.... Store in places that are cool ... Provide adequate ventilation ... Locate the storage area ... away from areas of fire hazard. Highly flammable materials must be kept apart from powerful oxidizing agents, materials susceptible to spontaneous heating, explosives ...Store at a temp not exceeding 40 °C in airtight containers. Protect from light.Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Handle and store under inert gas. Hygroscopic. |
| 清掃方法 | SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a POTW is acceptable only after review by the governing authority. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must meet Hazardous Material Criteria for disposal.Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ /Benzyl alcohol (Combustible liquid, NOS)/Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Benzyl alcohol (Combustible liquid, NOS)/Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Benzyl alcohol (Combustible liquid, NOS)/Accidental Release Measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. |
| 処分方法 | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.Waste treatment methods. Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product. |
| 漏出処分 | Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. |
| Preventive Measures | SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.Ventilation control: the basic ventilation methods are local exhaust ventilation and dilution or general ventilation.... Substitution of less irritating substances ... Redesign of operations ... Prevent contact, provision of a physical barrier against contact, proper washing facilities, work clothing and storage facilities, protective clothing, and barrier creams. Medical control ...For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for BENZYL ALCOHOL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 相互作用 | Acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity is the most common cause of acute liver failure in industrialized countries. Understanding the mechanisms of APAP-induced liver injury as well as other forms of sterile liver injury is critical to improve the care of patients. Recent studies demonstrate that danger signaling and inflammasome activation play a role in APAP-induced injury. The aim of these investigations was to test the hypothesis that benzyl alcohol (BA) is a therapeutic agent that protects against APAP-induced liver injury by modulation of danger signaling. APAP-induced liver injury was dependent, in part, on Toll-like receptor (TLR)9 and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) signaling. BA limited liver injury over a dose range of 135-540 ug/g body weight or when delivered as a pre-, concurrent, or post-APAP therapeutic. Furthermore, BA abrogated APAP-induced cytokines and chemokines as well as high-mobility group box 1 release. Moreover, BA prevented APAP-induced inflammasome signaling as determined by interleukin (IL)-1(beta), IL-18, and caspase-1 cleavage in liver tissues. Interestingly, the protective effects of BA on limiting liver injury and inflammasome activation were dependent on TLR4 signaling, but not TLR2 or CD14. Cell-type-specific knockouts of TLR4 were utilized to further determine the protective mechanisms of BA. These studies found that TLR4 expression specifically in myeloid cells (LyzCre-tlr4-/-) were necessary for the protective effects of BA. BA protects against APAP-induced acute liver injury and reduced inflammasome activation in a TLR4-dependent manner. BA may prove to be a useful adjunct in the treatment of APAP and other forms of sterile liver injury. |
| Skin Symptoms | Selected as the 2026 American Contact Dermatitis Society Allergen of the Year. The authors stated that while Benzyl Alcohol is generally considered safe, it can cause allergic contact dermatitis, especially after prolonged or repeated exposure. They also stated that Benzyl Alcohol is not included in many standard patch test series and that there might be underrecognition of its allergenicity. |
| 生態毒性値 | EC50Species: Haematococcus pluvialis (Algae)Concentration: 2600mg/L for 24 hrEffect: inhibition of photosynthesis /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/Species: Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Algae)Concentration: 95 mg/L for 3 hr, Effect: inhibition of photosynthesis /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/LC50Species: Petrumyzon marinus /lamprey/Conditions: static bioassayConcentration: >=5 mg/L for 24 hrSpecies: Leuciscus idus /Ide, silver or golden orfe/Concentration: 646 mg/L for 48 hrFor more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BENZYL ALCOHOL (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 環境中動態 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of <5(2) and 29(3) indicate that benzyl alcohol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of benzyl alcohol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.37X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(4). Benzyl alcohol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9.4X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 94% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of <5(2) and 27(3) indicate that benzyl alcohol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 3.37X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 1.4(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.10(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 94% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(9) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), benzyl alcohol, which has a vapor pressure of 9.4X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor phase benzyl alcohol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule sec at 25 °C(3). Benzyl alcohol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
| 食品調査値 | Benzyl alcohol has been identified as a volatile flavor component of baked potatoes(1), Beaufort (Gruyere) cheese(2), bacon(3), and roasted filberts (nuts)(4). It has been identified as a volatile component of blended nectarines, but not in a headspace analysis of the intact fruit(5). Benzyl alcohol was detected in different forms of cooked sweet corn at concentrations of less than 1 ppb to 8 ppb(6). Benzyl alcohol was identified, not quantified, in the edible portion of Korean chamchwi plants(7).The concentrations in three commercial fermented soybean (Glycine max) available in Hong Kong markets were 107.6, 138., and 211.7 ug/kg(1). Benzyl alcohol was detected in Australian honey at concentrations of and 0.1-0.6 mg/kg from sources of yellow box (Eucalyptus melliodora)it was not detected in honey based on Australian blue gum (Eucalyptus leaucoxylon)(2). The compound is a volatile of ground musty sorghum(3). Benzyl alcohol was identified in Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) pine sprout tea and pine needle tea(4). |
| 有害作用 | Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome |
| 暴露経路 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion. |
| Milk Concentrations | EXPERIMENTAL: When used as a teat dip, concentrations in the /cow/ milk ranging from 7.6-120 ug/L benzyl alcohol have been determined. When good husbandry practice was followed and the udder dry wiped before milking, mean residues in the milk were reported to be 21 ug/L(1). |
| 毒性の概要 | Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.orgIDENTIFICATION: Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic organic alcohol, water-white in color with a faint aromatic odor and a sharp burning tasteit is a preservative, a solvent, and a local anesthetic. It is used in a wide variety of products including photographic developer for color movie filmsdyeing nylon filament, textiles, and sheet plasticssolvent for dyestuffs, cellulose esters, casein, waxesheat-sealing polyethylene filmsintermediate for benzyl esters and ethersbacteriostaticcosmetics, ointments, emulsionsball point pen inksstencil inks. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Benzyl alcohol has been found to be irritating to the skin at levels 3% or greater. Patch test with 0.65% benzyl alcohol did not produce irritation of the skin. Benzyl alcohol poisoning can cause the gasping syndrome in neonates. The infants had a typical course of gradual neurologic deterioration, severe metabolic acidosis, the striking onset of gasping respirations, thrombocytopenia, hepatic and renal failure, hypotension, cardiovascular collapse and death. In every infant, unmetabolized benzyl alcohol was identified in the urine. Hypersensitivity reactions may occur after parenteral or dermal exposure to benzyl alcohol. Acute reactions include urticaria, erythema, palpable edema, fatigue, nausea, diffuse angioedema, maculopapular rash, and fever. A delayed hypersensitivity reaction characterized by erythema, edema, and vesiculation may appear in 2 to 3 days after an immediate reaction to a single benzyl alcohol challenge in the same patient. Reports are available contraindicating the use of neuromuscular blocking agents containing benzyl alcohol. Use of these agents was not advised in neonates or in the epidural space. Benzyl alcohol 0.225 mg/mL, the clinically relevant concentration in triamcinolone acetonide (TA) following intravitreal injection, caused ultrastructural damage and impaired human retinal pigment epithelial cell function at 2 hr. Benzyl alcohol 9.0 mg/mL, the concentration in commercial TA suspensions, was toxic within 5 minutes. ANIMAL STUDIES: In a primary irritation study 10% benzyl alcohol applied in a 24-hour occlusive patch to the back of eight male albino rabbits did not cause irritation. Undiluted benzyl alcohol was moderately irritating when applied to the depilated skin of guinea pigs for 24 hr. Acute intravenous toxicity of benzyl alcohol was determined in mice. Clinical signs were convulsion, dyspnea and reduced motility in all strains for 24 hours. The slight decrease in body weight in the first week following treatment returned to normal in the second week. Microscopic examination revealed local nerve degeneration when 5% benzyl alcohol was injected into the side of a cat's faceat 10% local anesthesia was produced. In another experiment, rats were given oral doses of 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg for 13 weeks. The high dose produced clinical signs indicative of neurotoxicity including staggering, respiratory difficulty, and lethargy. Reduction in weight gain was noted in males at 800 mg/kg and females at equal to or greater than 200 mg/kg. The high dose animals also showed hemorrhages around the mouth and nose, and histological lesions in the brain, thymus, skeletal muscle, and kidney. Fifty pregnant mice were given 750 mg/kg/day benzyl alcohol in water by gavage on days 6-13 of gestation and were allowed to deliver. A decrease in the birth weight and weight gain in the pups was observed, but the chemical was not toxic to the mothers and had no effect on pup viability. Benzyl alcohol was tested for genotoxicity in 5 Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA97, TA98, and TA100) in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. The highest ineffective dose tested without toxicity in any S. typhimurium strains was 5.0 mg/plate. Slight inhibition of the background bacterial lawn occurred in cultures at 6.666 mg/plate but no significant change was seen in the results. In a mammalian cell genotoxicity assay using CHO cells, benzyl alcohol was negative without metabolic activation and positive with metabolic activation. |
| Plant Concentrations | Benzyl alcohol was quantitatively detected in the skin and pulp of Queen Anne's pocket melon (Cucumis melo L) at 164.5 and 25.5 ug/kg, respectively(1).Benzyl alcohol plant concentrations(1).[Table#68] |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Dizziness. Headache.Redness.Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Drowsiness. Nausea. Vomiting. |
| Ongoing Test Status | EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assaysSee the data in Chemical Explorer/[USEPAICSS Dashboard ApplicationAvailable from, as of June 27, 2014: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of October 22, 2014: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=100-51-6] |
| 大気基準 | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Benzyl alcohol is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. |
| 州飲料水ガイドライン | (FL) FLORIDA 2,100 ug/L |
| F | 8-10-23-35 |
| 水環境危害等級（WGK） | 1 |
| TSCA 収載状態 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 番号 | DN3150000 |
| 輸送番号（UN） | UN 1593 6.1/PG 3 |
| 毒性 | LD50 orally in rats: 3.1 g/kg (Smyth) |
| 税関コード | 29062100 |
| 危険文句（R） | 20/22-63-43-36/37/38-23/24/25-45-40 |
| 化審法 | (3)-1011 |
| 消防法 | 危険物第4類第三石油類(非水溶性) |
| 危険表示 | Xn,T |
| 安全措置（S） | 26-36/37-24/25-23-53 |
| 自然発火温度 | 817 °F |
| 環境リスク評価 | ベンジルアルコール(100-51-6) |
| 危険等級 | Acute Tox. 4 InhalationAcute Tox. 4 OralEye Irrit. 2 |
| 貯蔵分類 | 10 - Combustible liquids |
| 有害物質データ | 100-51-6(Hazardous Substances Data) |
用途
解説
ベンジルアルコール，天然には，ジャスミン，イランイラン，アカシアなどの多くの花精油中に遊離または酢酸，安息香酸，ケイ皮酸などのエステルの形で存在している．合成するには，塩化ベンジルを加水分解するか，ベンズアルデヒドの還元やカニッツァーロ反応によってつくることができる．芳香をもつ液体．融点－15.3 ℃，沸点206 ℃．d4151.0493．nD151.5426．アルコール系およびベンゼン系の多くの有機溶媒に可溶，水に微溶．空気中の酸素で徐々に酸化され，ベンズアルデヒドを経て安息香酸を生じる．化粧品やせっけん用の香料として用いられるほか，保留剤として，ジャスミン，その他香料の調合など，香料工業において広く使われる．局所麻酔性，防腐性があるので，注射剤の調整にも利用される．
用途
有機合成研究用、医薬品、香料及び化粧品原料。
用途
香粧品、石けん用香料として用いられ、ことにジャスミン、ガーデニア、ツベローズなどの人造花精油の調合に使用される。また保留剤、溶剤、希釈剤、エステル原料としても重要である。
用途
化粧品、石鹸用香料
用途
吸光分析、ケトン及びアルデヒド分析、医薬品原料。
用途
ベンジル誘導体原料、医薬品添加剤(殺菌剤)、溶剤、塗料?インキ?エポキシ樹脂溶剤,合成繊維染色助剤,医薬?化粧品防腐剤
説明
Benzyl alcohol is a component catalyst for epoxy resins. It is also contained in the color developer C-22.
天然物の起源
The free alcohol is often present in several essential oils and extracts of jasmine, tobacco, tea, neroli, copaiba, Acacia farnesiana Willd., Acacia cavenia Hook. and Arn., Robinia pseudacacia, ylang-ylang, Pandanus odoratissimus, Michelia champaca, Prunus laurocerasus, tuberose, orris, castoreum, violet leaves, clove buds and others. Also found in fresh apple, apricot, mandarin peel oil, high bush blueberry, raspberry, strawberry fruit, American cranberry and cooked asparagus.
来歴
LIEBIG and WO¨HLER first prepared benzyl alcohol from bitter almond oil (benzaldehyde) in 1832. The structure of benzyl alcohol was determined in 1853 by CANNIZZARO. CANNIZZARO used the reaction named after him, in which benzaldehyde is disproportionated into benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol through the action of an alkali.
使用
benzyl alcohol is a preservative against bacteria, used in concentrations of 1 to 3 percent. It can cause skin irritation.
一般的な説明
A clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Slightly denser than water. Flash point 194°F. Boiling point 401°F. Contact may irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be slightly toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.
製法・合成法
製造方法
Benzyl alcohol is prepared commercially by the distillation of benzyl chloride with potassium or sodium carbonate. It may also be prepared by the Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde and potassium hydroxide.
純化方法
It is usually purified by careful fractional distillation under reduced pressure in the absence of air. Benzaldehyde, if present, can be detected by UV absorption at 283nm. It has also been purified by shaking with aqueous KOH and extracting with peroxide-free diethyl ether. After washing with water, the extract is treated with saturated NaHS solution, filtered, washed, dried with CaO and distilled under reduced pressure [Mathews J Am Chem Soc 48 562 1926]. Peroxy compounds can be removed by shaking with a solution of Fe2+ followed by washing the alcohol layer with distilled water and fractionally distilling it. [Beilstein 6 IV 2222.]