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Cosmetic ingredients (Pentasodium Triphosphate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Chelating; Buffering

Between 9,1 and 10,2 (1 % solution)

1% soln @ 25 °C = 9.7-9.8

White powder

Two crystalline forms of anhydrous salt (transition point 417 °C)

Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol

Sol in water (g/100 ml) at 25 °C: 20; at 100 °C: 86.5

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 14.5

622 °C

622 °C

622 °C

Large Crystals; CBI; Dry Powder; Other Solid; Dry Powder; Liquid; Liquid; Liquid; Other Solid

White, slightly hygroscopic granules or powder

Slightly hygroscopic solid; [Merck Index] White granules; [MSDSonline]

WHITE CRYSTALS OR POWDER.

With prolonged heating of sodium tripolyphosphate soln, it tends to revert to the orthophosphate.

Hygroscopic

Its properties are between those of tetrasodium pyrophosphate & sodium metaphosphate.

TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE @ 20 MG/L DOES NOT AFFECT SMELL, TASTE & ACTIVE REACTION (PH) OF WATER. LIMITING PROPERTY IS TURBIDITY AT 5 MG/L ON HEATING.

Forms stable hydrates.

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 36% (1266 of 3517) of reports.

Warning

H315 (62.2%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 3517 reports by companies from 19 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Chemical: Triphosphoric acid, pentasodium salt

Triphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:5) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Triphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:5) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 01-12-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15386

Pentasodium tripolyphosphate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

A moderate skin and mucous membrane irritant; [Merck Index] Emergency treatment: Irritants; [HSDB] Aerosol is a mild skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; [ICSC] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; [CAMEO] May cause eye, nose, and throat irritation; Effects in high-dose ingestion animal studies include kidney damage; [CHEMINFO] An irritant; [MSDSonline]

Sodium tripolyphosphate used as a multiple purpose food substance in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.

Sodium tripolyphosphate used as a sequestrant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.

Sodium tripolyphosphate used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Sodium tripolyphosphate used as a sequestrant in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Sodium tripolyphosphate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity of the substance added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.

Residues of sodium tripolyphosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a buffer, surfactant, suspending agent, dispersing agent, anticaking agent or conditioning agent in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Sodium tripolyphosphate is found on List D. Case No: 4053; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, and antimicrobial; Case Status: None of the active ingredients in the case are being supported for reregistration by their registrants. All are unsupported, or some are unsupported and some are cancelled. Cases described as "unsupported" generally are being processed for cancellation.; Active ingredient (AI): sodium tripolyphosphate; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

EYE CONTACT WITH CONCENTRATED ALKALI CAUSES CONJUNCTIVAL EDEMA & CORNEAL DESTRUCTION. A. ALKALIES PENETRATE SKIN SLOWLY. EXTENT OF DAMAGE THEREFORE DEPENDS ON DURATION OF CONTACT. B. CHRONIC POISONING (FROM SKIN CONTACT). CHRONIC DERMATITIS MAY FOLLOW REPEATED CONTACT ... . /ALKALIES/

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Residues of sodium tripolyphosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a buffer, surfactant, suspending agent, dispersing agent, anticaking agent or conditioning agent in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

The mechanism by which sodium tripolyphosphate increases cadmium toxicity after sc administration was investigated in mice after a dose of cadmium (30 umol/kg), alone or with sodium tripolyphosphate (90 umol/kg). ... Histological ... changes in the liver were not observed during the first 12 hr after injection of cadmium, but already 6-8 hr after injection of cadmium plus sodium tripolyphosphate early centrilobular necroses and blood stasis appeared. At 12 hr more advanced necroses were present. Sodium tripolyphosphate administered alone was nontoxic and did not change the liver morphology, when compared to animals killed immediately after injection. During the first 12 hr after cadmium administration with sodium tripolyphosphate, there was a much faster transport of cadmium, giving rise to higher liver and kidney concn of cadmium and partial inhibition of cadmium-metallothionein binding, as compared with animals receiving the same dose of cadmium without sodium tripolyphosphate.

The adjuvant effect of di-sodium DL-alpha-glycerophosphate on the rectal absorption of cefoxitin (as the sodium salt) was greatly augmented by the presence of ... sodium tripolyphosphate. ... Coadjuvants only slightly enhanced cefoxitin rectal absorption when administered alone.

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the following 31 ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics as described in this safety assessment, when formulated to be non-irritating...Pentasodium Triphosphate...

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Pentasodium tripolyphosphate is a white powder which is soluble in water.r It is used as a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer. This chemical is one of the most widely used and most effective builder in heavy duty fabric washing compositions. Because of its high sequestration power, it also finds extensive application in automatic dish washing detergents. It forms stable hydrates and aids in the manufacture of crisp spray dried laundry powders. It is used in dairy substitute products: milk based pudding, whipped topping, sour cream, and cheese. It is used in water softening and as a peptizing agent; emulsifier and dispersing agent, it is an ingredient of cleansers in drilling fluids to control mud viscosity in oil fields; as preservative, sequestrant, and as a texturizer in foods. The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products used in the United States. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: If ingested in large amounts this chemical can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It has produced vesiculation when applied to intact and abraded skin of humans. Sodium and potassium hexametaphosphates, polyphosphates, tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, and other phosphates used as water softeners form complexes with calcium and, after ingestion, are capable of seriously reducing the serum level of ionic calcium. They have less corrosive effect on mucous membranes than sodium or potassium hydroxide. Eye contact with concentrated material can cause conjunctival edema and corneal destruction. Chronic dermatitis may follow repeated contact of the chemical that migrates to food from packaging materials. Occupational exposure involves acetyl cellulose makers, bronze alloy makers, munitions workers, smoke bomb and incendiary makers, pesticide rat poison worker, fertilizer makers, electroluminescent-coating makers, and semiconductor workers. ANIMAL STUDIES: This chemical induced emesis in dogs. Dietary administration in animals has caused decrease iron content in bone, liver, and spleen, and bone depletion of calcium.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

IF INGESTED IN LARGE AMT NAUSEA, VOMITING, & DIARRHEA ARE PROBABLE. ... IF APPRECIABLE AMT OF INTACT POLYMER ARE ABSORBED FROM ALIMENTARY TRACT, HYPOCALCEMIC TETANY MAY BE A DANGER DUE TO BINDING (CHELATION) OF IONIZED CALCIUM. HYPOCALCEMIC TETANY ALSO OCCURRED IN ONE INGESTION EPISODE. /TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE/

CMPD APPLIED TO INTACT & ABRADED SKIN OF HUMANS FOR 4 HR: SKIN RESPONSES GRADED 4, 24 & 48 HR AFTER. SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE PRODUCED VESICULATION @ ABRADED SITES OF 1 OF 6 HUMANS.

A 1% AQ SOLN HAS A PH OF 9.8, & PH OF CONCENTRATED SOLN (SLURRIES) IS ABOUT 10.5, SO THAT THERE IS NO SIGNIFICANT DANGER OF CORROSIVE INJURIES TO THE EYES OR ESOPHAGUS AS IN LYE POISONING ... WITH PH'S ABOVE 11 OR EVEN 12. /TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE/

ACUTE POISONING BY INJESTION: ... EVEN THOUGH PATIENTS RECOVER FROM IMMEDIATE DAMAGE, ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURE CAN OCCUR WK, MO, OR YR LATER TO MAKE SWALLOWING DIFFICULT. INGESTION OF TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE ... IN ... DETERGENTS OR LAXATIVES CAUSE SHOCK-LIKE STATE, FALL OF BLOOD PRESSURE, SLOW PULSE, CYANOSIS COMA & SOMETIMES TETANY AS RESULT OF REDN IN IONIC CALCIUM. /ALKALIES/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PENTASODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IN BEAGLE DOGS, SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE INDUCED EMESIS. EMESIS PROBABLY RESULTS FROM A DIRECT ACTION UPON THE GI MUCOSA.

DIETARY ADMIN OF TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE DECR BONE, LIVER & SPLEEN CONTENTS OF IRON & INCR THE BONE DEPOSITION OF CALCIUM.

Gastrointestinal absorption, transport, tissue deposition, and excretion of cadmium were investigated in mice after single or repeated exposure with or without chelating agents. Male CBA-mice received a single oral 69 mg/kg dose of cadmium-109 in combination with a single 600 mg/kg dose of nitrilotriacetic acid, sodium tripolyphosphate, or 60 or 600 mg/kg ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Animals were observed, and blood cadmium concentrations followed, from 5 minutes to 21 days before dissection and tissue analysis. Female CBA-mice received a single oral 15 ug/kg dose of radioactive cadmium in combination with cadmium and 50 or 500 ppm of these chelating agents in their drinking water and were observed for 18 months. Acute cadmium toxicity was reduced in mice given cadmium in combination with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. At all times from 5 minutes to 5 hours after dosing blood cadmium concentrations were lowest in mice exposed to cadmium plus sodium tripolyphosphate. Almost all cadmium in kidneys of mice exposed to cadmium and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at the higher doses was bound in the cadmium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complex, while at the lower dose of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid part of the cadmium was bound to high molecular weight proteins. Cadmium 24 hour elimination was increased from 20% with cadmium alone to 45% with the higher and 35% with the lower dose of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Whole body retention at 21 days was 4.4% with cadmium alone, 2% with nitrilotriacetic acid and 5.5% with sodium tripolyphosphate. With repeated exposure no substantial differences in whole body or organ retention of cadmium were seen after treatment with different chelating agents. Chelating agents did not affect mortality over 18 months. /It was concluded/ that the effects of different chelating agents on acute cadmium toxicity and metabolism are produced by change in the stability of the chelate complexes and the availability of metal binding ligands in-vivo.

MIGRATES TO FOOD FROM PACKAGING MATERIALS ... .

Occupational exposure involves acetyl cellulose makers, bronze alloy makers, munitions workers, smoke bomb and incendiary makers, pesticide rat poison worker, fertilizer makers, electroluminescent-coating makers, and semiconductor workers. /Phosphorus/

1

PPRTV Current

4

PPRTV Current

LD50 Mouse stomach, sc and ip 3.02, 1.26, and 0.94 g/kg, respectively.

LD50 Rat stomach, sc and ip 5.19, 2.06, and 1.78 g/kg, respectively.

LD50 Guinea pig sc 0.75 g/kg.

7.80e+04

1.20e+06

2.00e+04

1.5E+01(G)

1.00e+00

Volatile

2.30e+05

3.50e+06

6.00e+04

1.5E+01 (G)

1.00e+00

Volatile

Sodium tripolyphosphate used as a multiple purpose food substance in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.

Sodium tripolyphosphate used as a sequestrant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.

Sodium tripolyphosphate used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Sodium tripolyphosphate used as a sequestrant in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Sodium tripolyphosphate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity of the substance added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.

Residues of sodium tripolyphosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a buffer, surfactant, suspending agent, dispersing agent, anticaking agent or conditioning agent in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Sodium tripolyphosphate is found on List D. Case No: 4053; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, and antimicrobial; Case Status: None of the active ingredients in the case are being supported for reregistration by their registrants. All are unsupported, or some are unsupported and some are cancelled. Cases described as "unsupported" generally are being processed for cancellation.; Active ingredient (AI): sodium tripolyphosphate; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

The effects of condensed phosphate ( ... sodium tripolyphosphate ... ) on the growth of Streptococcus mutans, sugar metabolism in vitro, and S mutans-induced caries of hamsters were studied. All condensed phosphates depressed the growth of S mutans. This growth inhibition was reversed by divalent metal ions. Thus, the chelating capacity of condensed phosphate is responsible for their antibacterial actions. Condensed phosphates depressed lactate production from glucose and sucrose by the S mutans.

THOUGHT TO BE HYDROLYZED TO (ORTHO)PHOSPHATES BEFORE ABSORPTION. /TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE/

In the body, phosphorus is converted to phosphates. /Phosphorus/

If ingested in large amounts nausea, vomiting and diarrhea are probable. Thought to be hydrolyzed to (ortho)phosphates before absorption. If appreciable amounts of the intact polymer are absorbed from the alimentary tract, hypocalcemic tetany may be a danger due to the binding (chelation) of ionized calcium. Hypocalcemic tetany apparently occurred in one ingestion episode. /Tripolyphosphate/

CIR ingredient: Pentasodium Triphosphate

Used in water softening, heavy-duty fabric washing, automatic dish washing, drilling fluid cleaning, and liquid cattle feed supplements; Also used as a peptizing, emulsifying, and dispersing agent; a preservative, sequestrant, and texture-modifier in foods; a sealant for leaking farm ponds; and a calcium and magnesium chelating agent; [HSDB] Used in paper pulping, paper coatings, clay and textile processing, and ore flotation; Also used as a hydrogen peroxide solution stabilizer and to make rubber and paint; [CHEMINFO]

Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

TO SEAL LEAKING FARM PONDS BY MIXING WITH SOIL FLOOR

Used as a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer. /phosphates/

(1972) 4.96X10+10 GRAMS

(1975) 8.46X10+10 GRAMS

(1984) 3.28X10+10 G.

(1972) NEGLIGIBLE

(1975) 5.44X10+9 GRAMS

2023: 55,000,000 - <70,000,000 lb

(1972) 9.38X10+11 GRAMS

(1975) 6.99X10+11 GRAMS

(1979) 688 thousand metric tons

(1984) 6.12X10+11 G.

Production Capacity: 555 thousand tons/year /Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP)/

85% AS A PHOSPHATE BUILDER (CONDITIONER) FOR HOME LAUNDRY DETERGENTS; 8% AS A PHOSPHATE BUILDER (CONDITIONER) FOR AUTOMATIC DISHWASHING DETERGENTS; 2% AS AN ADDITIVE FOR PROCESSED MEAT, TUNA, & POULTRY; 1% AS A PHOSPHATE BUILDER (CONDITIONER) FOR SCOURING CLEANSERS; 1% AS A PHOSPHATE BUILDER (CONDITIONER) FOR LAUNDRY PRESOAKS; & 3% FOR MISC APPLICATIONS (1973).

Home laundry detergent builder, 45%; Industrial and institutional detergents, 24%; Dish washing detergents, 16%; Food uses, 3.5%; Misc, 6%; Exports, 5.5% (1984).

Industrial and institutional detergents, 45%; autodish detergents, 40%; food uses, 10%; home laundry detergent builder, 5%. /Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP)/

Prepared by molecular dehydration of mono- & disodium phosphates.

Controlled calcination of sodium orthophosphate mixture from sodium carbonate & phosphoric acid.

Grades: Powdered & Granular, FCC /Food Chemicals Codex/.

A bath salt: ... triethanolamine salt of ethoxylated lauryl alcohol 9.0%, lauryl ammonium sulfate 2.0%, diethanolamides of coconut or rape oil fatty acids 1.0%, ethoxylated lanolin 0.500%, ethyl alcohol 2.0%, pentasodium tripolyphosphate 10.0%, sodium chloride 42.8%, tartaric acid 13.0%, anhydrous sodium sulfate 19.299%, fragrance 0.4%, and dye 0.001%.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Oxidants and Oxidant Stabilizers

Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues

Food additives

Food Additives -> SEQUESTRANT; TEXTURIZER; THICKENER -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> SEQUESTRANT; TEXTURIZER; THICKENER -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> SEQUESTRANT; TEXTURIZER; THICKENER -> JECFA Functional Classes