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ハイドロサルファイトナトリウム
ハイドロサルファイトナトリウム · 亜ジチオン酸ナトリウム · 次亜硫酸ジナトリウム · ハイドロサルファイト · 次亜硫酸ナトリウム · 亜ジチオン酸二ナトリウム · ナトリウムハイドロサルファイト · 亜ジチオン酸ジナトリウム
識別子と物理属性
| CAS No. | 7775-14-6 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | Na2O4S2 |
| 平均分子量 | 174.11 g/mol |
| 単同位体質量 | 173.90333939 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=S([O-])S(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+] |
| InChIKey | JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
| PubChem CID | 24489 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL3410462 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:66870 |
| EC No. | 231-890-0 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID9029697 |
| 現地名 | ハイドロサルファイトナトリウム |
化学・物理的性質
| 極性表面積 | 119 |
|---|---|
| 水素結合供与体数 | 0 |
| 水素結合受容体数 | 6 |
| 回転可能結合数 | 0 |
| 重原子数 | 8 |
| 形式電荷 | 0 |
| 複雑度 | 60 |
| LogP（分配係数） | log Kow = < -4.7 |
| 臭い | Faint sulfurousSlight characteristic odor二酸化硫黄の香りがないか、わずかにあります |
| 密度 | 2.38 g/cu cmNa2S2O4.2H2O, mol wt 210.146 ... crystallizes in thin, yellowish shiny, soft prisms of density 1.58 g/cu cm /Dihydrate/2.4 g/m³2.13 |
| Color/Form | White or grayish-white crystalline powderLight-lemon-colored solid in powder or flake formWhite, colorless or yellow-white crystals |
| 溶解度 | Slightly sol in alcoholvery soluble in waterSlightly sol in cold waterinsoluble in acidsAt 20 °C, 24.1 g/100 g waterSolubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 25 (moderate)250g/L(20℃) |
| 引火点 | about 100 °C (open cup)>100 °C o.c.>100°C |
| Decomposition | A batch decomposed violently during drying in graining bowl. No explanation was offered but contamination with water and/or oxidant seems likely. Thermal decomposition occurs violently at 190 °C.>100 °C |
| 融点 | 52 °C (decomposes)300 °C |
| Physical Description | Sodium dithionite is a whitish to light yellow crystalline solid having a sulfur dioxide-like odor. It spontaneously heats on contact with air and moisture. This heat may be sufficient to ignite surrounding combustible materials. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat containers of this material may violently rupture. It is used in dyeing and to bleach paper pulp.LiquidOther SolidDry PowderWhite to grayish-white granular powder with a sulfur dioxide odor[CHEMINFO MSDS]WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER. |
| Stability/Shelf Life | Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Keep away from combustible material.Oxidizes in air, (more readily so in presence of moisture or when in solution) to bisulfite and bisulfate and acquires an acid reaction.Sodium dithionite is not stable under physiological conditions, with the rate of decomposition increasing with increasing acidity. Upon contact with moisture, it is oxidized to hydrogen sulfite, sulfite and hydrogen sulfate, and under strongly acidic conditions it may liberate sulfur dioxide. |
| 自然発火温度 | about 190 °C |
| Other Experimental Properties | Strong reducing agentalso available in liquid formDecomposes violently when heated to 190 °C and emits toxic fumes of SOx and Na2O. |
| 沸点 | 1390°C |
| 貯蔵条件 | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| 外観・状態 | 粉体・固形 |
| 色 | 白い |
| pH | 5.5-8.5 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Merck | 14,8626 |
| 安定性 | 安定していますが、空気に敏感です。強酸、強酸化剤、水、湿気とは相容れない。 |
| 化粧品成分の機能 | 粘度制御還元剤 |
| InChI | 1S/2Na.H2O4S2/c1-5(2)6(3)4/h(H,1,2)(H,3,4)/q2*+1/p-2 |
| InChIKey | JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
| SMILES | [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O |
| LogP（分配係数） | -2.756 (est) |
| CAS データベース | 7775-14-6(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPAの化学物質情報 | Sodium hydrosulfite (7775-14-6) |
化学的特性
White solid
安全性と法規制
| GHS 分類 | DangerH251: Self-heatingmay catch fire [Danger Self-heating substances and mixtures]H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P235, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P330, P407, P410, P413, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| Hazards Identification | Water-reactive material (WR) |
| 規制情報 | Chemical: Dithionous acid, disodium saltDithionous acid, sodium salt (1:2) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Dithionous acid, sodium salt (1:2) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 01-02-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15288Dithionous acid, disodium salt: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| その他の安全情報 | IMAP assessments - Dithionous acid, disodium salt: Human health tier I assessmentIMAP assessments - Dithionous acid, disodium salt: Environment tier I assessment |
| 輸送ラベル（DOT） | Spontaneously Combustible |
| 火災危険 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:Flammable/combustible material. May ignite on contact with moist air or moisture. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. (ERG, 2024)· Flammable/combustible material.· May ignite on contact with moist air or moisture.· May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect.· Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water.· Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire.· May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.· Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.· Containers may explode when heated.Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
| 火災の可能性 | Combustible solid. Easily oxidized. Heats spontaneously in contact with moisture and air, and may ignite surrounding combustible materials. Closed containers may rupture violently when heated.Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. Ignites on contact with water or sodium chorite. |
| 健康有害性 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Inhalation of decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination. CAUTION: Pentaborane (UN1380) is highly toxic and may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. (ERG, 2024)· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.· Inhalation of decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.· Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.CAUTION: Pentaborane (UN1380) is highly toxic and may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. |
| 有害性の概要 | A skin and eye irritantReacts with acids and hot water to form oxides of sulfurInhalation of high concentrations may cause acute pneumonitis[CHEMINFO MSDS] Reacts with water to form hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide[ERG 2016] |
| 輸送番号・ガイド（DOT） | 1384 135 |
| 反応性グループ | Anhydrides |
| EC 分類 | Symbol: XnR: 7-22-31S: (2)-7/8-26-28-43 |
| UN 分類 | UN Hazard Class: 4.2UN Pack Group: II |
| 消火 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:DO NOT USE WATER, CO2 OR FOAM ON MATERIAL ITSELF. Some of these materials may react violently with water. CAUTION: For Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite) UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, USE FLOODING AMOUNTS OF WATER for SMALL AND LARGE fires to stop the reaction. Smothering will not work for these materials, they do not need air to burn.SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or DRY sand, EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342.LARGE FIRE: DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342, or withdraw from area and let fire burn. CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers or in contact with substance. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)Use carbon dioxide, dry sand, special powder, water in large amounts. |
| 応急処置措置 | Fresh air, rest. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. |
| 漏出応急措置 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.· Keep unauthorized personnel away.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.Small SpillCAUTION: For spills of Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite), UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, dissolve in 5 parts water and collect for proper disposal.CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors.· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. |
| 応急処置 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:Refer to the "General First Aid" section. (ERG, 2024)General First Aid:· Call 911 or emergency medical service.· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.· If victim is not breathing:-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitationthe victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.· Keep victim calm and warm.· Keep victim under observation.· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section. |
| 安全保管 | Dry. Well closed. Separated from strong oxidants and acids. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
| 暴露管理・個人防護 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016]. |
| 消火手順 | Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.Use only flooding quantities of water. Monitor temperature of containers exposed to fire for at least 48 hours to verify decomposition has not begun in the sealed container. |
| 保管条件 | Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Do not store near acids. Air sensitive. Heat sensitive. Moisture sensitive. Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Separate from combustibles and oxiding materials. Immediately remove and properly dispose of any spilled material.Materials to avoid: strong oxidizing agents, acids. |
| 清掃方法 | Keep water away from release. Prompt cleanup and removal are necessary. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.Personal precautions: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing dust. Ensure adequate ventilation.Methods for cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal. |
| 非火災時の漏出対応 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]:ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.SMALL SPILL: CAUTION: For spills of Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite), UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, dissolve in 5 parts water and collect for proper disposal. CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors. Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024) |
| 処分方法 | Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. |
| 漏出処分 | Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. |
| 相互作用 | Sodium hyposulfite at a concentration of 1 x 10-5 M decreased the number of chromosome fragments produced by cobalt 60 gamma rays in Tradescantia paludosa (clone B2-2) root tip by 46%. Concentrations of 1 x 10-4 or 1 x 10-3 M were no more effective, and the 1 x 10-3 M concentration was toxic to the root tips. |
| 生態毒性値 | LC50 SpeciesLeuciscus idus (ide, freshwater fish)Conditions: German Industrial Standard DIN 38 412, Part 15Concentration: 63.2 mg/L (nominal) for 96 hrEC50Species: Daphnia magna (water flea)Conditions: Directive 79.831 EEC, C2Concentration: 98.3 mg/L for 48 hr, endpoint: immobilization /Effect not given in source/ |
| 有害作用 | Other Poison - Chemical AsphyxiantToxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors. |
| 暴露経路 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion. |
| 毒性の概要 | Human Health: Sodium dithionite is not stable under physiological conditions, with the rate of decomposition increasing with increasing acidity. Upon contact with moisture, it is oxidized to hydrogen sulfite, sulfite and hydrogen sulfate, and under strongly acidic conditions it may liberate sulfur dioxide. Under anaerobic conditions (such as in the lower gastrointestinal tract), hydrogen sulfite and thiosulfate may be formed. Hydrogen sulfite can be absorbed after ingestion. It is efficiently metabolized, and the major part rapidly excreted as sulfate into the urine. The acute oral LD50 of sodium dithionite in rats was about 2500 mg/kg bw, with atony, gastro-intestinal irritation, diarrhea and dyspnea as the main clinical and pathological signs at doses near to or exceeding the LD50. There were no acute dermal and no valid acute inhalation studies available. Sodium dithionite was slightly irritating to the skin, and strongly irritating to the eyes of rabbits. Under acidic conditions, sodium dithionite may liberate sulfur dioxide, which is known to induce respiratory irritation in humans. There was no animal data available regarding sensitization. In humans, allergic dermatitis from exposure to sulfites is rare and, consequently, sodium dithionite is not considered to possess a significant skin sensitization potential. Although there were no specific reports with regard to sodium dithionite available, the potential for allergoid reactions ("sulfite-asthma") should be assumed in sensitive individuals following oral or inhalation exposure. Sodium dithionite was not tested for its toxicity after repeated dosing. Due to its rapid degradation under in vivo conditions, the toxicity data on its decomposition products were used for the evaluation of this endpoint. The conversion products, including sulfite, hydrogen sulfite, sulfate and thiosulfate, are considered as substances of very low order systemic toxicity. It should be noted that sulfites, in general, reduce the thia |
| 生態毒性抜粋 | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ A test following Directive 79/831/EEC, C2, with Daphnia magna with 10 nominal concentrations, plus a control ranging from 0.976 - 500 mg/L, resulted in an EC50 (48 hr, immobilization) of 98.3 mg/L. As oxygen values in the 250 mg/L and 500 mg/L test solutions were below 1 mg/L at the beginning of the test, it cannot be excluded that the toxicity was in part due to oxygen deficiency effects./AQUATIC SPECIES/ In a study with Leuciscus idus, following the German Industrial Standard DIN 38 412, Part 15, six concentrations from 21.5 - 147 mg/L (nominal), plus a control and pH adjusted 147 mg/L and 500 mg/L group, were tested. An LC50 (96 hr) of 63.2 mg/L (nominal) was calculated. All fish in the pH adjusted 147 mg/L and 500 mg/L concentration groups died within one hour. Less than 1 mg/L oxygen was measured in those test solutions at test start. In a pre-test in which the fish were placed into the aquaria 1 hr after preparation of the test solution the initial oxygen consumption was compensated by the continuous aeration and the concentration of 100 mg/L did not cause any mortality or symptoms. Therefore, the toxic effect may be, in part, due to oxygen deficiency./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Acute toxicity to Scenedesmus subspicatus was determined in a study, following the German Industrial Standard DIN 38 412 Part 9, with 7 nominal concentrations ranging from 7.81 -500 mg/L, plus a control. The ErC50 (72 hr) for growth rate was 206 mg/L (nominal concentration) and the NOEC 62.5 mg/L (nominal concentration)corresponding values for the endpoint biomass were 135 mg/L and 62.5 mg/L respectively./AQUATIC SPECIES/ The following chronic toxicity test with aquatic organisms is available: Water flea (Daphnia magna): NOEC (21 d) > 10 mg/L. Three concentrations (1, 5, and 10 mg/L) were tested. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Cough. Sore throat.Redness. Pain.Nausea. Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. |
| ICSC Environmental Data | The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms. |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Probable oral lethal dose (human) 0.5-5 g/kg bw. Because of rapid oxidation to sulfates, sulfites are well tolerated until large dises are reachedthen violent colic and diarrhea, circulatory disturbances, central nervous depression, and death are described./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ May cause respiratory tract irritation ... May cause skin irritation. May cause eye irritation./CASE REPORTS/ ... A female dry cleaner is reported to have developed hand dermatitis presumably due to regular preparation of sodium sulfite solutions. Patch testing gave a positive response on application of a 0.5% and 1% solution of sodium dithionite./ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Incubation of normal human erythrocytes with sodium dithionite resulted in the formation of Heinz bodies. Addition of superoxide dismutase to the incubation medium incr the formation of Heinz bodies by sodium dithionite./OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Under acidic conditions, sodium dithionite may liberate sulfur dioxide (SO2). Sulfur dioxide is known to induce respiratory irritation and in disposed humans also bronchospasms. The hypersensitivity reaction is also known as "sulfite-asthma" and linked to SO2 exposure or the use of SO2 or bisulfite as antioxidants in foodstuffs. About 10 % of asthmatic humans are reportedly sulfite- or SO2-sensitive. |
| Environmental Biodegradation | AEROBIC: At 20 °C, the 5-day BOD of sodium dithionite was 22%, through the action of sewage bacteria(1). |
| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ 2% aq soln of sodium hydrosulfite adjusted to pH 7 with sodium bicarbonate tested on rabbit eyes by irrigation of surface of eye for 10 min after removal of corneal epithelium caused slight corneal edema .../LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ For sodium dithionite (tested as suspension in aqueous carboxymethylcellulose), an oral LD50 of about 2500 mg/kg bw was determined for rats. No clinical signs were noted at doses up to and including 1600 mg/kg bw. At higher doses (>= 2000 mg/kg bw), clinical signs included atony, dyspnea and diarrhea. Gross pathology revealed acute hyperemic congestion, cardiac dilatation, gastrointestinal irritation and dilatation, associated with bloody ulceration in animals administered doses of 2500 mg/kg bw or higher./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ An 80% aqueous suspension of sodium dithionite tested in two rabbits under occlusive conditions for 20 hours produced mild skin erythema. The mild erythema seen at 24 hours post-treatment did not persist to 8 days. With an exposure time of 20 hours (instead of 4 hours), and occlusive conditions (instead of semi-occlusive), the test conditions were more stringent than those required in the current OECD TG 404./LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Sodium dithionite was tested for its effects on the eye of rabbits in a study performed in accordance with OECD TG 405. 97 mg of the finely powdered test substance (purity 88%) were instilled in the conjunctival sac of three rabbits, and washed out with physiological saline after one hour of exposure. In all animals, moderate to severe erythema and slight edema were found after 1 hour and persisted until 72 and 48 hours, respectively. Mean scores for erythema were 3.0 (24 hr), 3.0 (48 hr), and 2.3 (72 hr), and for edema 1.3 (24 hr), 0.67 (48 hr), and 0.33 (72 hr). No changes were noted in the cornea and iris. All effects were completely reversible by day 7 after exposure except for 1 animal which still showed slight conjunctival redness.For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Sodium hydrosulfite (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Environmental Abiotic Degradation | The hydrolysis products of aqueous sodium dithionite solutions can be trapped as sodium 1-hydroxyalkane-sulfinates and 1-hydroxyalkanesulfonates by addition of aldehydes or ketones(1). |
| DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI) | Sodium hydrosulfiteA Commercial GradeA Placarded AmountChemical or material that can be mixed with readily available materials. |
| F | 1-10 |
| 水環境危害等級（WGK） | 1 |
| TSCA 収載状態 | TSCA listed |
| 輸送番号（UN） | UN 1384 |
| 毒性 | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 2500 mg/kg |
| 税関コード | 28311010 |
| 危険文句（R） | 7-22-31 |
| 化審法 | (1)-504 届出不要化学物質 |
| 危険表示 | Xn |
| 安全措置（S） | 26-28-43-7/8-43E-28A |
| 危険等級 | 4.2Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Irrit. 2Self-heat. 1 |
| 包装等級 | II |
| 自然発火温度 | >200 °C |
| 貯蔵分類 | 4.2 - Pyrophoric and self-heating hazardous materials |
| 有害物質データ | 7775-14-6(Hazardous Substances Data) |
用途
解説
亜ジチオン酸ナトリウム，アジチオンサンナトリウム，Na2S2O4(174.11)．ハイドロサルファイトともいう．亜鉛末を冷水に懸濁させ，これに二酸化硫黄を通した後，水酸化ナトリウムで中和し，生じた水酸化亜鉛を濾過し，濾液に塩化ナトリウムを加えると二水和物が析出する．沈殿を含む液を60～70 ℃ に加熱すると無水物が得られる．[S2O4]2－ の構造は，SO2-SO2型で，双方のSO2のO…Oはほぼ平行で両平面は約30°開き，S-S2.39 Å，S-O1.15 Å．二水和物は単斜晶系の結晶．無水物は粉末．密度2.37 g cm－3．いずれも無色．水に易溶．固体は乾燥空気中ではかなり安定であるが，湿気があるとNaHSO4とNaHSO3に酸化される．強い還元作用を示す．還元剤としてインジゴのような建染め染料による染色，絹，羊毛，繊維，麦ワラなどの漂白に用いられる．還元剤として染色工業で用いられるロンガリット(ヒドロキシメタンスルフィン酸ナトリウム)の製造原料として重要である．
用途
染色助剤(建染染料などの)、還元洗浄剤(合成繊維などの)、漂白剤(紙?パルプなどの)、ガス分析用(酸素吸収剤)、ロンガリットやスーパーライトの製造原料、抜染剤、石けん 医薬品(サルバルサン)、食品の漂白
用途
染料・繊維・食品工業での還元剤や漂白剤として広く用いられる。
使用
Sodium dithionite is a reducing agent for vat dyes,reducing hair bleaching agents,vat dyes printing auxiliaries, silk scouring and bleaching agents, coloring agents and objects stripping vat cleaning agent, particularly in dyeing with indigo and vat dyes; bleaching soaps, straw; removing dyes from dyed fabrics.
一般的な説明
Sodium dithionite is a whitish to light yellow crystalline solid having a sulfur dioxide-like odor. Sodium dithionite spontaneously heats on contact with air and moisture. This heat may be sufficient to ignite surrounding combustible materials. Sodium dithionite is soluble in water. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat containers of Sodium dithionite may violently rupture. Sodium dithionite is used in dyeing and to bleach paper pulp.
使用用途
次亜硫酸ナトリウムはと同様に、食品添加物として食品加工で使用されることが多いです。最も多い利用は、ワインなどの飲料における酸化防止剤です。 また、水に溶けやすく、強力な還元作用を持つことから、漂白剤や変色防止剤として使用されることもあります。食品の色調を整えたり、原料などに含まれる好ましくない色素成分や着色物質の色を無色にしたりすることも可能です。 世界における次亜硫酸ナトリウムのうち、半分が織物の染色や漂白に、3分の1がパルプや紙の漂白などに使用されています。なお、次亜硫酸ナトリウムは、工業的には金属亜鉛を仲介したとナトリウム塩の反応によって精製されます。
製法・合成法
調製方法
An alternative route for dithionite production is the reduction of sodium bisulfite with sodium borohydride. Sodium borohydride is obtained by reacting boron trimethyl ester, B(OCH3)3, with sodium hydride, NaH. The resulting product is hydrolyzed with water, and methanol is evaporated. An alkaline, aqueous solution is obtained, containing about 12% NaBH4 and 40% NaOH. This solution is commercially available. Reaction to dithionite is made on-site by adding sulfur dioxide and some additional caustic soda. Storages, handling and mixing of sulfur dioxide and of the Borol® liquid are not everywhere cost competitive. NaBH4+8NaOH+8SO2 → 4Na2S2O4+NaBO2+6H2O.
製造方法
Sodium dithionite is today produced mainly from sodium formate and sulfur dioxide. Zinc dithionite, prepared on-site from sulfur dioxide and zinc dust, was formerly more important than the sodium salt. The heavy metal zinc ended up in the effluent, which caused environmental problems. Today in pulp mills on-site production of zinc dithionite is no longer practiced. The number of plants using sodium amalgam and sulfur dioxide for dithionite production is decreasing with the number of amalgam cells in electrolysis. On-site generation of dithionite from alkaline sodium borohydride solution, sodium bisulfite, and sulfur dioxide is used by some mills. Sodium dithionite is available as crystalline powder (&90% Na2S2O4) or as a refrigerated 150 g/L solution stabilized with alkali. The white crystals can decompose on heating. Low alkalinity, pH8 to 13, stabilizes dithionite solution at low temperature. These solutions should be kept well below 10 °C with the exclusion of air. In presence of air, oxidation rapidly yields sulfate and sulfite. The powder product prepared via the amalgam route dissolves into an alkaline solution as it contains sodium carbonate and sulfite. This can trigger the precipitation of calcium carbonate (water hardness) in the solution tank. Therefore, it is recommended to add small amounts of chelants during the dissolution step. (Chelants are not required to stabilize the bleaching reaction.) Sodium dithionite prepared by the formate route dissolves into a slightly acidic solution. Dithionite powder can ignite if exposed to high humidity or elevated temperature.
合成方法
1. 亜鉛塵法による合成 の粉末を水に懸濁させ、二酸化硫黄を通すことで、亜鉛が溶け、亜ジチオン酸亜鉛になります。やを加えることで、 (II) の白色沈澱として亜鉛を析出させて、減圧濃縮後にとを加えると、次亜硫酸ナトリウムの無水物が析出します。 2. ギ酸ソーダ法による合成 ギ酸ソーダ法は三菱ガス化学が実用化した方法です。ギ酸ナトリウムを80%のメタノールに溶かして、水酸化ナトリウムと二酸化硫黄を加えると、次亜硫酸ナトリウムの無水物が析出します。多価アルコールを製造する際に副生成物としてギ酸ナトリウムが得られるため、亜鉛塵法よりも低コストなことが利点です。 3. アマルガム法による合成 食塩電解槽で作成したナトリウムアマルガムを、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液に接触させて、還元することにより次亜硫酸ナトリウムが得られます。 4. 水素化ホウ素ナトリウム法による合成 強アルカリ水溶液中において安定な還元剤である水素化ホウ素ナトリウムに、二酸化硫黄と水酸化ナトリウムを加えることで、次亜硫酸ナトリウムが生成します。 5. 電解法による合成 半透膜で仕切られた電解槽を用いて、二亜硫酸イオンを還元すると、次亜硫酸ナトリウムが生じます。 参考文献