| GHS 分類 | This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 4.2% (2 of 48) of reports.WarningH400 (16.7%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 48 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.Danger |
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| 規制情報 | Chemical: Silver iodide (AgI)REACH registered substance: Silver iodide (EC: 232-038-0)Silver iodide (AgI): Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
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| 有害性の概要 | May cause irritation and argyria[MSDSonline] See Silver. See Iodine for the TLV of Iodides.The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of silver iodide stem from its toxicologic properties. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact), exposure to this odorless, light yellow, crystalline substance may occur from its use in seeding clouds for rain-making, as a photosensitive agent in photography, as a local antiseptic, and as a chemical intermediate. Effects from exposure may include skin rashes, conjunctivitis, argyria (a permanent ashen-gray discoloration of skin, conjunctiva, and internal organs), headache, fever, hypersensitivity, laryngitis, and bronchitis. Exposure should be minimized by engineering controls (eg, local exhaust ventilation, or process enclosure). In activities where over-exposure may occur, workers should wear impervious clothing, gloves, face protection, and a self-contained breathing apparatus. Such clothing and equipment should be removed before leaving the worksite. Skin that becomes contaminated with silver iodide should be promptly washed. Eating and smoking should be prohibited in silver iodide work areas. Silver iodide may form explosive compounds with sodium, potassium, acetylene, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide. Silver iodide should be stored in cool, dark areas, away from the above materials. Before shipping silver iodide, consult with the regulatory requirements of the US Department of Transportation. For small dry spills of silver iodide, collect the material and deposit in sealed containers for reclamation. Before implementing land disposal of silver iodide waste, consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance. |
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| RCRA 要件 | D011A solid waste containing silver may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Silver/ |
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| OSHA Standards | Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.01 mg/cu m. /Silver, metal and compounds (as Ag)/ |
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| 清浄水法要件 | Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Silver and compounds/The ambient water quality criterion for silver is recommended to be identical to the existing water standard which is 50 ug/l. /Silver and cmpd/ |
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| Hazard Classes and Categories | Aquatic Acute 1 (16.7%)Reproductive toxicity - Category 1B, Additional category: Effects on or via lactation |
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| State Drinking Water Standards | (CT) CONNECTICUT 50 ug/l /Silver/ |
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| 州飲料水ガイドライン | (AZ) ARIZONA 50 ug/l /Silver/(ME) MAINE 35 ug/l /Silver/(MN) MINNESOTA 30 ug/l /Silver/(FL) FLORIDA 50 ug/l /Silver/ |
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| 連邦飲料水ガイドライン | EPA 100 ug/l /Silver/ |
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| Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities | ... Silver iodide forms impact sensitive systems with sodium and other alkali metals.A mixture of potassium and any of the following cmpd produces a weak explosion on impact: ... silver iodide ... . |
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| 暴露管理・個人防護 | 0.01 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction (salts), as Ag[German Research Foundation (DFG)] |
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| 処分方法 | SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.Precipitation is the preferred treatment process for removing toxic heavy metals from electroplating waters. Precipitation processes include hydroxide, lime and/or sulfide treatment. Chemical reduction is used to treat complex metals such as nickel, copper, hexavalent chromium waste, soluble lead, silver, metal containing cyanide, and mercury. Adsorption has shown potential for treating and polishing aqueous metal bearing wastes. Activated carbon, activated alumina, and iron filings are all applicable adsorbents. Alkaline chlorination and incineration are effective cyanide destruction treatments. Evaporation, ion-exchange, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and electrolytic recovery are waste reduction and recovery techniques applicable to metal bearing hazardous streams. |
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| Preventive Measures | ... Work clothing should be changed daily if it is possible that clothing is contaminated. Remove non-impervious clothing prompty if wet or contaminated. Provide emergency eyewash.SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. |
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| Threshold Limit Values (TLV) | 8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.01 mg/cu m. /Soluble silver compounds, as Ag/Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Soluble silver compounds, as Ag/ |
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| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Wear appropriate clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. Wear eye protection to prevent any possibility of eye contact. Employees should wash promptly when skin is wet or contaminated. ... |
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| Treatment | EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration. |
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| 相互作用 | Mutagenic potential of copper compounds and its alteration in case of the interaction with silver compounds were analyzed by use of plant test systems. As test systems, Crepis capillaris L., Tradescantia clone 02, and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) were used. Mutagenic properties of copper iodide and copper sulfate were not detected. CuI, being not a mutagen by itself, remarkably enhanced mutagenic potential of AgI. |
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| 健康影響 | Silver itself is not toxic to humans, but most silver salts are. In large doses, silver and compounds containing it can be absorbed into the circulatory system and become deposited in various body tissues, leading to argyria, which results in a blue-grayish pigmentation of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Argyria is rare, and although, so far as known, this condition does not otherwise harm a person's health, it is disfiguring and usually permanent. Mild forms of argyria are sometimes mistaken for cyanosis. (L809) |
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| 環境中動態 | ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SILVER IODIDE ACCUMULATION IN A SEMIARID GRASSLAND ENVIRONMENT. THE POSSIBLE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SILVER IODIDE ACCUMULATION IN SOIL WHICH MIGHT RESULT FROM WEATHER MODIFICATION WERE EXAMINED BY USE OF A 2.5 YEAR OLD RANDOMIZED TREATMENT PLOT IN A SEMIARID GRASSLAND TO DEFINE POSSIBLE THRESHOLD SILVER LEVELS WHERE CHANGES IN DECOMPOSER PARAMETERS MIGHT FIRST BE DETECTED. AFTER THREE GROWING SEASONS, SILVER IODIDE PRESENCE AT LEVELS ABOVE THOSE WHICH COULD BE EXPECTED FROM WEATHER MODIFICATION APPEARS TO BE RELATED TO DECREASED SOIL OXYGEN UPTAKE, CARBON DIOXIDE EVOLUTION, AND BACTERIAL GLUCOSE MINERALIZATION, THE MOST SENSITIVE ASSAY EVALUATED TO DATE, IS IN THE RANGE OF 1-2 UG G-1 SILVER. IN THE RANGE OF 0-0.6 UG G-1 ACCUMULATED SILVER, NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THIS PARAMETER WERE OBSERVED IN RELATION TO IMPOSED SILVER. |
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| 暴露経路 | Oral (L808)inhalation (L808)dermal (L808) |
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| 毒性の概要 | Metallic silver is oxidized and may deposit in the tissues, causing arygria. The silver ion is known to inhibit glutathione peroxidase and NA+,K+-ATPase activity, disrupting selenium-catalyzed sulfhydryl oxidation-reduction reactions and intracellular ion concentrations, respectively. Silver nanoparticles are believed to disrupt the mitochondrial respiratory chain, causing oxidative stress, reduced ATP synthesis, and DNA damage. (L808, A243, A244, A245, A246) |
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| Signs and Symptoms | Exposure to high levels of silver for a long period of time may result in a condition called arygria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin and other body tissues. Argyria is a permanent effect but does not appear to be harmful to health. Exposure to high levels of silver in the air has resulted in breathing problems, lung and throat irritation, and stomach pains. Skin contact with silver can cause mild allergic reactions such as rash, swelling, and inflammation in some people. (L808) |
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| Medical Surveillance | Special attention should be given to other sources of silver exposure, for example, medications or previous occupational exposure. Inspection of the nasal septum, eyes, and throat will generally give incidence of pigmentation before generalized argyria occurs. This will usually be seen first in the ear lobes, face and hands. |
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| Atmospheric Concentrations | The emission of silver iodide crystals during cloud seeding has been estimated to result in a silver concn in air of about 0.1 ng/cu m. |
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| Human Toxicity Excerpts | Seven cloud seeding operators with extensive exposure to silver iodide knew of no persons who had experienced any ill effects due to silver iodide, despite the fact that their hands may have remained yellowed for weeks.... DEVELOPMENT /OF ARGYRIA (POISONING BY SILVER OR A SILVER SALT WHICH LEADS TO A PERMANENT ASHEN-GRAY DISCOLORATION OF THE SKIN, CONJUNCTIVA, AND INTERNAL ORGANS)/ FROM INHALATION THROUGH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE APPEARS TO BE VERY SLOW & MAY REQUIRE YEARS. |
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| Artificial Pollution Sources | The emission of silver iodide crystals during cloud seeding has been estimated to result in a silver concn in air of about 0.1 ng/cu m. |
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| Carcinogen Classification | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
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