ベリリウムジフルオリド

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Use fine water spray. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention . Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Fluorides in urine = 2 mg/L prior to shift or 3 mg/L at end of shift; (Repeated measurements recommended.)

1.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction, as F[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Beryllium compound, NOS/

Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers; if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.

Response to discharge: Issue warning poison, corrosive; Restrict access; Should be removed; chemical and physical treatment.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The insidious nature of physiological action of beryllium even from minute exposures ... requires constant vigilance to minimize exposure, particularly to ... beryllium fluoride fume ...

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM FLUORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Acute inhalation of a high level of beryllium can result in a pneumonia-like condition called acute beryllium disease. Chronic inhalation of beryllium can cause an inflammatory reaction in the respiratory system called chronic beryllium disease. Chronic beryllium disease may result in anorexia and weight loss, as well as right side heart enlargement and heart disease in advanced cases. Chronic exposure can also increase the risk of lung cancer. Skin contact with beryllium results in contact dermatitus. (L24, L25)

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Conditions: static; Concentration: 150 ug/L for 96 hr, soft water; 20,000 ug/L for 96 hr, hard water /Beryllium ion/

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill); Conditions: static; Concentration: 1,300 ug/L for 96 hr, softwater; 12,000 ug/L for 96 hr, hardwater /Beryllium ion/

EC50; Species: Cladoceran (daphnia magna); Concentration: 2,500 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: reproduction /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/ /Beryllium ion/

LC50; Species: Carassius auratus (goldfish); Conditions: flow through, measured; Concentration: 4,800 ug/Be/L, time not specified /Beryllium ion/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM FLUORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance can be absorbed into the body in hazardous amounts by inhalation of its aerosol, by ingestion and through the skin.

Inhalation (L24)

Once in the body, beryllium acts as a hapten and interacts with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DP presenting cells in the lungs, becoming physically associated with a major histocompatability (MHC) class II molecule. This MHC class II-beryllium-peptide complex is recognized by the T lymphocyte receptor, triggering CD4+ T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. The resulting inflammatory response is a cell-mediated process orchestrated by cytokines and results in the formation of (usually pulmonary) granulomas. Beryllium's toxicity may be controlled by the iron-storage protein ferritin, which sequesters beryllium by binding it and preventing it from interacting with other enzymes. (L25, A37, A91)

Cough. Laboured breathing. Sore throat. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Pain. MAY BE ABSORBED!

Redness. Pain.

Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain.

Chronic beryllium disease causes fatigue, weakness, difficulty breathing, and a persistent dry cough. (L24, L25)

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute pulmonary lesions have resulted from few min inhalation of air containing the fluoride ... of beryllium.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Beryllium ... fluoride ... causes acute irritation of skin, eyes, & resp tract when ... exposed to /its/ dusts ... ocular irritation ... has not been serious, consisting of conjunctivitis, but scarcely ever involving cornea.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Hyperemia of conjunctiva & edema of lids which result from exposure to dust or direct contamination by particles are said to cause rather persistent burning sensation & photophobia, but recovery is usually complete in 5-10 days.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute contact dermatitis usually arises during extraction of beryllium by fluoride ... processes, not from contact with beryllium oxide powder.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM FLUORIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Beryllium ... fluoride ... cause acute irritation of skin, eyes & resp tract when ... animals are exposed to /its/ dusts ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Exptl injection of aq soln ... /in/ unspecified concn into cornea of rabbits has caused diffuse clouding within an hour, subsequently progressing to leukoma & permanent scarring.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Heart enlargement was observed in monkeys after acute inhalation exposure to ... 0.184 mg Be/cu m as beryllium fluoride

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Groups of 4 female Macaca mulatta monkeys were exposed to aerosol concn of ... 27 ug/cu ft (964 ug/cu m) berylliuM fluoride ... for 6 hr per day over 7-30 days, followed by an observation period of 7-270 days in air. /Animals/ died of pneumonitis. Beryllium fluoride caused severe & universal pulmonary reactions (including desquamation, hyperplasia of bronchial epithelium & edema of the mucosa) & evoked changes in the liver (hepatocyte degeneration, sinusoid distension), kidneys (glomerular reaction & tubular degeneration), adrenals, pancreas, thyroid & spleen. Some of these damages were reversible, & others appeared to be progressive.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BERYLLIUM FLUORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Beryllium compounds are included on this list. /Beryllium Compounds/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b).

Beryllium fluoride is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Beryllium and compounds/