塩化ビスマス(Ⅲ)

解説BiCl3(315.34)．三塩化ビスマスともいう．金属ビスマスに塩素を通じて加熱すると得られる．白色の固体．融点230 ℃，沸点447 ℃．密度4.75 g cm－3．光分解しやすい．潮解性で，水には加水分解をうけ難溶性の塩化酸化ビスマスBiClOを生じる．濃い塩酸に溶け，テトラクロロビスマス(Ⅲ)酸イオンとなる．塩化ビスマス(Ⅲ)は，有機合成の触媒，塩素化剤，ビスマス(Ⅲ)塩の製造，医薬品(収れん剤)などに用いられる．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）

使用Bismuth trichloride used as catalyst for organic reactions.

一般的な説明Bismuth(III) chloride is an inorganic salt that can be prepared by the reaction of bismuth with chlorine.

製造方法Bismuth chloride may be synthesized directly by passing chlorine over bismuth. Alternatively, the chloride salt may be prepared by adding hydrochloric acid to basic bismuth chloride and evaporating the solution:Bi(OH)2Cl + 2HCl → BiCl3 + 2H2OAlso, the compound can be prepared by dissolving bismuth in concentrated nitric acid and then adding solid sodium chloride into this solution. Another method of preparation is treating the metal with concentrated hydrochloric acid:2Bi + 6HCl → 2BiCl3 + 3H2.

純化方法Sublime the trichloride under high vacuum, or dry it under a current of HCl gas, followed by fractional distillation, once under HCl and once under argon. It is deliquescent. [Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 621 1963.]

定義Bismuth trichloride is a white deliquescent solid. It can be prepared by direct combination of bismuth and chlorine. Bismuth(III) chloride dissolves in excess dilute hydrochloric acid to form a clear liquid, but if diluted it produces a white precipitate of bismuth(III) chloride oxide (bismuthyl chloride, BiOCl): BiCl3 + H2O = BiOCl + 2HCl This reaction is often used as an exam ple of a reversible reaction and as a confirmatory test for bismuth during quantitative analysis. Bismuth(V) chloride does not form.