​一酸化二塩素

Disagreeable, penetrating odor

Strong, unpleasant odor

Reddish-brown liquid

Yellowish-brown gas

Red-yellow gas

Very soluble in water

Soluble in carbon tetrachloride

Danger

H290 (100%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

P234, P260, P264, P264+P265, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P390, P391, P405, P406, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 37 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Explodes when heated or by reaction with organic materials, including: carbon, carbon disulfide, ethers, hydrocarbons, dicyanogen, any readily oxidizable materials (ammonia, potassium, arsenic, antimony, sulfur, mercury sulfide, calcium phosphide, phosphine, phosphorus, hydrogen sulfide, antimony sulfide, barium sulfide, mercury sulfide, and tin sulfide). Dissolves in alkalis, forming a mixture of chlorite and chlorate. Concentration of gas should be limited to less than 10% to reduce explosion hazard. Alcohols are oxidized explosively.

3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.

4 - Materials that rapidly or completely vaporize at atmospheric pressure and normal ambient temperature or that are readily dispersed in air and burn readily.

3 - Materials that in themselves are capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction but that require a strong initiating source or must be heated under confinement before initiation.

Met. Corr. 1 (100%)

Flammable agents - 4th degree, Reactive agents - 3rd degree

Chlorine monoxide

1

10000

Flammable chemical that can be released at a facility.

Self-explodes.

The liquid at 2 °C is spark- and touch-sensitive. The gas may explode when heated above 42 °C.

Intensely irritating to eyes, skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract.

Strong irritant to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes.

Explodes on contact with organic materials.

Can ... be caused to explode by a spark or by heating.

Incompatible with carbon, dicyanogen, diphenylmercury, nitrogen oxide, oxidizable materials, and potassium.

Explodes on contact with alcohols, ammonia, antimony, antimony sulfide, arsenic, barium sulfide, calcium phosphide, carbon, carbon disulfide vapor, charcoal, cork, dicyanogen ethers, hydrogen sulfide, mercury sulfide, nitrogen oxide, paper, phosphine, phosphorus, potassium, rubber, sulfur, tin sulfide, turpentine, and other oxidizable materials.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Chlorine monoxide (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Chlorine monoxide is a reddish-brown explosive liquid or yellowish-brown explosive gas. HUMAN STUDIES: Chlorine monoxide is intensely irritating to eyes, skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract. ANIMAL STUDIES: There are no data available.

Chlorine monoxide's use as a chlorinating agent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). It's use as a wood bleach, biocide and in swimming pool treatment(2) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. obtain attention. /Explosives/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for Chlorine monoxide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chlorine monoxide

1

10000

Flammable chemical that can be released at a facility.

Dichlorine monoxide has been used as an intermediate in the manufacture of calcium hypochlorite and in sterilization for space applications. Its use in the preparation of chlorinated solvents and chloroisocyanurates has been described. Dichlorine monoxide has been shown to be effective in bleaching of pulp (qv) and textiles. It also can be used as an etchant in semiconductor manufacture.

Chlorinating agent.

Routes more amenable to commercial-scale production are based on reaction of chlorine with sodium bicarbonate, carbonate, or sesquicarbonate. For example, reaction of Cl2 and water vapor with soda ash in a countercurrent tower reactor gives Cl2O mixed with Cl2, HOCl, H2O, and CO2. The reaction can also be carried out in a fluidized-bed reactor employing sodium sesquicarbonate. High yields of Cl2O are reported for the reaction of Cl2, diluted with moist air, with porous soda ash. A continuous scheme for generating Cl2O involves reaction of Cl2 with anhydrous soda ash in a fixed or fluidized-bed reactor at 180 °C. The Cl2O can be used as is or absorbed in water to produce a hypochlorous acid solution. The Cl2O-containing gas from reaction of atomized NaOH can be dried, condensed, and fractionated to obtain liquid Cl2O.

Gaseous dichlorine monoxide is conveniently generated by passing chlorine gas through mercuric oxide in a packed tubular reactor. High yields are favored by cooling the reactor, diluting the chlorine with an inert gas, and mixing the dry HgO with an inert material, eg, sand. Use of excess HgO ensures complete conversion of chlorine. The spent HgO can be regenerated by treatment with aqueous caustic, filtering, washing with water, and drying at 110 °C. The relatively pure Cl2O in the exit gases can be passed through a trap cooled with dry ice and acetone to condense liquid Cl2O. The preparation can also be carried out under static conditions.

Dichlorine monoxide is formed by passing chlorine diluted with an inert gas over the surface of a slowly stirred 50% NaOH solution at about 5 °C. The exit gas also contains some unreacted chlorine as well as HOCl and small amounts of water vapor. Passage through P2O5 absorbs the moisture and dehydrates the HOCl to Cl2O. Condensation of the Cl2O separates it from the inert gas and most of the chlorine. Fractionation removes the last traces of chlorine.

First preparation by J.L. Gay-Lussac in 1842 from yellow mercuric oxide and chlorine.

Derivation: Reaction of mercuric oxide and chlorine.