塩化バリウム

Fires associated with this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Rest. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

(General first aid procedures)

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers; if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Environmental considerations - land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete.

Environmental considerations - water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

The sulfate may be brushed up and treated as normal refuse. Soluble barium salts should be scooped up and treated as for waste disposal. Wash the spill area thoroughly with water. /Soluble barium salts/

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Barium chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D005, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

... Ion exchange, lime softening and reverse osmosis are effective to remove barium from drinking water. Conventional coagulation/filtration processes are not effective to remove barium from drinking water. /Barium ion/

Package lots. Place in a separate labeled container for recycling or disposal. Small quantities. Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Avoid breathing dust. Dissolve the barium salt in the minimum volume of water. For each gram of barium salt, add 15 mL of 10% sodium sulfate solution. Let stand for 1 week. Test for completeness of precipitation by adding a few drops of 10% sodium sulfate solution. If required, add more sodium sulfate solution until no further precipitation occurs. Decant supernatant liquid or filter solid. Treat solid as normal refuse. Wash liquid into drain. /Barium salt/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. All contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Barium chloride (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Fifteen of 20 Wistar albino rats were treated with various doses of ... piperazine citrate (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg body weight). All 20 rats were subsequently given barium chloride, 20 mg/kg. The 5 rats (25%) that did not receive piperazine citrate developed ventricular fibrillations after barium chloride was administered to them, via one of the external jugular veins, and died shortly thereafter. The remaining 75% of the rats were fully protected by all the doses of piperazine citrate employed for the study. Barium chloride did not produce any dysrhythmic phenomenon in the piperazine-protected rats. Conversely, sinus rhythm was maintained in the electrocardiogram of all the rats, with every P wave followed by a normal QRS-T complex...

Experiments with mice indicated that atropine significantly antagonized antinociception and death induced by intracerebroventricular injection of barium chloride.

The health effects of the different barium compounds depend on how well the compound dissolves in water or the stomach contents. At low doses, barium acts as a muscle stimulant, while higher doses affect the nervous system, causing cardiac irregularities, tremors, weakness, anxiety, dyspnea, paralysisand possibly death. Barium may also cause gastrointestinal disturbances, damage the kidneys and cause decreases in body weight. (L214)

LC50; Species: Austropotamobius pallipes pallipes (crayfish); Conditions: static, 15-17 °C, pH 7; Concentration: 69.6 mg/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Austropotamobius pallipes pallipes (crayfish, 19-32 mm); Conditions: static, 15-17 °C, pH 7, without food; Concentration: 59.0 mg/L for 30 days

LC50; Species: Austropotamobius pallipes pallipes (crayfish, 19-32 mm); Conditions: static, 15-17 °C, pH 7, with food; Concentration: 65.1 mg/L for 30 days

LC50; Species: Echinogammarus barilloni (freshwater shrimp); Conditions: static, 19 °C, pH 7.7; Concentration: 508.6 mg/L for 24 hr

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Barium chloride (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L214) ; inhalation (L214)

Barium is a competitive potassium channel antagonist that blocks the passive efflux of intracellular potassium, resulting in a shift of potassium from extracellular to intracellular compartments. The intracellular translocation of potassium results in a decreased resting membrane potential, making the muscle fibers electrically unexcitable and causing paralysis. Some of these barium's effects may also be due to barium induced neuromuscular blockade and membrane depolarization. (L214)

Cough. Sore throat. See Ingestion.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal cramps. Convulsions. Dullness. Unconsciousness. Vomiting.

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; skin burns; gastroenteritis; muscle spasm; slow pulse, extrasystoles; hypokalemia

Ingesting excess barium may cause vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, difficulties in breathing, increased or decreased blood pressure, numbness around the face, and muscle weakness. High levels may result in changes in heart rhythm or paralysis and possibly death. (L214)

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. /Barium chloride dihydrate/[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=10326-27-9]

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... 1.5 L/day of distilled drinking water containing various levels of barium chloride /was administered/ to 11 healthy male volunteers aged 27-61 years (mean 39.5 years, median 41 years). None of the subjects was taking any medications, and none had hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease. Barium concentrations in the drinking water consumed by the subjects prior to the study were known to be very low. No barium was added for the first 2 weeks, which served as a control period; drinking water containing 5 mg barium/L (0.14 mg barium/kg bw/day using reference values of 2 L/day for water consumption and 70 kg for body weight) was administered for the next 4 weeks, and drinking water containing 10 mg barium/L (0.21 mg barium/kg bw/day) was administered for the last 4 weeks of the study. Diets were controlled to mimic US dietary practices (barium content of the diet was not determined, but /it was/ mentioned that a typical hospital diet provides 0.75 mg barium/day, or 0.011 mg barium/kg bw/day using a 70 kg reference weight). All beverages and food were provided, and subjects were instructed to consume only what was provided. The subjects were also instructed to keep their level of exercise constant and to abstain from alcohol, and smokers were told to smoke consistently throughout the study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured in the morning and evening. Blood was collected at the beginning and periodically, particularly as four consecutive daily samples at the end of each of the three study periods. Twenty-four-hour urine collections were performed at the end of each study period. Twenty-four-hour continuous electrocardiographic monitoring was performed on 2 consecutive days at the end of each study period. Blood pressures were not significantly affected by barium exposure. A trend towards increased total serum calcium with barium exposure was noted but was not considered to be clinically significant. No significant changes were observed in plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, LDL:HDL ratio, and apolipoproteins A1, A2, and B. Serum glucose, albumin, and potassium levels and urinary levels of sodium, potassium, or metanephrines (catecholamine breakdown products) were unchanged. Electrocardiograms revealed no changes in cardiac cycle intervals, including the QT interval; /it was/ noted that the lack of shortening of the QT interval provided evidence that the slight increase in serum calcium was not clinically significant. In addition, no significant arrhythmias, no increase in ventricular irritability, and no apparent conduction problems were seen with barium exposure. This study did not identify a LOAEL; the NOAEL is 0.21 mg barium/kg bw/day.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Accidental inhalation of soluble barium chloride used in manufacturing can result in profound hypokalemia, caused by inactivation of the passive potassium channels in the muscle cell membrane, thereby blocking efflux of intracellular potassium. Because activity of the adenosine triphosphatase sodium-potassium pump (Na+-K+-ATPase) is unchanged and continues to exchange sodium and potassium, potassium thus is trapped intracellularly. The typical clinical manifestation is gastrointestinal hypermotility, rapidly followed by areflexia, flaccid paralysis, and respiratory failure. Laboratory findings include severe hypokalemia.

D005; A solid waste containing barium may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Barium/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /Barium/

(AZ) ARIZONA 1500 ug/L /Barium/

(MN) MINNESOTA 2000 ug/L /Barium/

Maximum Contaminant Level: 2 mg/L /Barium/

Maximum Contaminant Level Goal: 2 mg/L /Barium/

EPA 2000 ug/L /Barium/

Used to manufacture pigments, color lakes, glass, and mordant for acid dyes; for weighting and dyeing textile fabrics; in aluminum refining; as pesticide; as boiler compound for softening water; for tanning and finishing leather; in treating wool for stuffing mattresses; in lubrication oil additives; as an intermediate for barium salts; as intermediate for steel hardening compounds; in the production of magnesium metal; in chemical analysis; as 5% constituent of material (ternary eutectic salt) effective in extinguishing fires of uranium and plutonium; [HSDB]

Aluminum Producing [Category: Industry]

Manufacture pigments, color lakes, glass, mordant for acid dyes; weighting and dyeing textile fabrics; in aluminum refining; as pesticide; boiler cmpd for softening water; tanning and finishing leather.

Used in treating wool for stuffing mattresses.

Chemicals (artificial barium sulfate, other barium salts); reagents, lubrication oil additives; boiler compounds, textile dying, pigments, manufacture of white leather. /Barium chloride dihydrate/

For chlorine and sodium hydroxide manufacture, as flux for magnesium alloys. /Barium chloride, dihydrate/

(1972) 6.6X10+9 G

(1975) 1.09X10+9 G

(1986) 3,837,024 lb

(2000) 1,240 tons; (2001) 341 tons

2023: 5,500,000 - <7,000,000 lb

(1967) 9.71X10+9 G

(1972) 9000 tons

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#4100]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Barium chloride. Aggregated National Production Volume: 10 to < 50 million lbs.

Barium chloride is manufactured from barium sulfide or barium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.

(a) By the action of hydrochloric acid on barium carbonate ... (b) By heating a mixture of barium sulfate, carbon, and calcium chloride.

It is obtained inter alia (among others) by roasting barite with coal and calcium chloride ... .

ACS reagent grade

99.999% purity grade; -60 mesh, 99.9% purity grade; ACS reagent crystal grade

Grade: Technical (crystals or powdered), 99% crystals, powdered, chemically pure

Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing

Barium chloride (BaCl2): ACTIVE

Barium chloride is produced commercially as barium chloride dihydrate ... and also as the anhydrous salt.